Reading in Depth
Read the following quotes about what music can do.Choose one that you like most and then explain it.
Music is the movement of sound to reach the soul for the education of its virtue.
—Plato
If music be the food of love,play on.
—William Shakespeare
Beautiful music is the art of the prophets that can calm the agitations（激动）of the soul；it is one of the most magnificent and delightful presents God has given us.
—Martin Luther(German leader)
One good thing about music,when it hits you,you feel no pain.
—Bob Marley(Jamaican musician)
Music washes away from the soul the dust of everyday life.
—Berthold Auerbach(German author)
There’s nothing like music to relieve the soul and uplift（提升）it.
—Mickey Hart
When people hear good music,it makes them homesick for something they never had,and never will have.
—E.W.Howe
Music has healing power.It has the ability to take people out of themselves for a few hours.
—Elton John
Music is amazing.There’s some metaphysical（超自然的）comfort where it allows you to be isolated and alone while telling you that you are not alone...truly，the only cure for sadness is to share it with someone else.
—Wayne Coyne
Music is therapy（疗法）.Music moves people.It connects people in ways that no other medium can.It pulls heart strings.It acts as medicine.
—Macklemore
Music should strike fire from the heart of man,and bring tears form the eyes of woman.
—Ludwig van Beethoven
Music became a healer（治疗师）for me.And I learned to listen with all my being.I found that it could wipe away all the emotions of fear and confusion（困惑）relating to my family.
—Eric Clapton
Write one or two statements on the lines below about what you think the music can do for you.
TEXT
Mozart Effect
Pre-reading
Answer the following questions about Mozart and his music.
1.What do you know about “Mozart Effect”?
2.What do other people think about Mozart’s music?
3.What do you think is the relationship between Mozart’s music and IQ?
4.What beneficial effects does Mozart’s music produce?
Initial Reading
Read the following text as quickly as you can,and underline the topic sentences or the key words to help understand the main idea of the text.Then complete the exercises that follow.
[1]The term “Mozart Effect” was first coined by Alfred A.Tomatis who used Mozart’s music as the listening stimulus in his work attempting to cure a variety of disorders.He used the music of Mozart in his efforts to “retrain” the ear,and believed that listening to the music presented at differing frequencies helped the ear,and promoted healing and the development of the brain.
[2]Don Campbell did an experiment which suggests that listening to Mozart temporarily boosted scores on one portion of the IQ test.As a result,the United States’ Governor of Georgia,Zell Miller,proposed a budget to provide every child born in Georgia with a CD of classical music.The 1997 book by Don Campbell,The Mozart Effect:Tapping the Power of Music to Heal the Body,Strengthen the Mind,and Unlock the Creative Spirit,discusses the theory that listening to Mozart(especially the piano concertos)may temporarily increase one’s IQ and produce many other beneficial effects on mental function.Campbell recommends playing specially selected classical music to infants,in the expectation that it will benefit their mental development.Campbell states that Mozart’s music can enhance “deep rest and rejuvenation”,“intelligence and learning”,and “creativity and imagination”.
[3]Rauscher,Shaw,and Ky investigated the effect of listening to music by Mozart on spatial reasoning,and the results were published in Nature.They gave research participants one of three standard tests of abstract spatial reasoning after they had experienced each of three listening conditions:a sonata by Mozart,verbal relaxation instructions,and silence.They found a temporary enhancement of spatialreasoning,as measured by spatial-reasoning sub-tasks of the Stanford-Binet IQ test.Rauscher et al.show that the enhancing effect of the music condition is only temporary:no student had effects extending beyond the 15-minute period in which they were tested.The study makes no statement of an increase in IQ in general(because IQ was never measured).
[4]In 1994,New York Times music columnist Alex Ross wrote in a light-hearted article,“researchers have determined that listening to Mozart actually makes you smarter”,and presented this as the final piece of evidence that Mozart has replaced Beethoven as “the world’s greatest composer.”
[5]A 1997 Boston Globe article mentioned some of the Rauscher and Shaw results.It described one study in which three-and four-year-olds who were given eight months of private piano lessons scored 34%higher on tests of spatio-temporal reasoning than control groups given computer lessons,singing lessons,and no training.
[6]UK Guardian reports that a German sewage treatment plant plays Mozart music to break down the waste faster.
New Words
stimulus /'stɪmjʊləs/ n.刺激；刺激物
disorder /dɪs'ɔːdə/ n.小病；失调；紊乱
retrain /ˌriːˈtreɪn/ vt.再训练
healing /'hiːlɪŋ/ n.康复；治愈
temporarily /'temp（ə）r（ər）ɪlɪ/ adv.临时地
boost /buːst/ vt.促进；增加
portion /'pɔːʃ（ə）n/ n.一部分；一份
budget /'bʌdʒɪt/ n.预算
concerto /kən'tʃɝtəʊ/ n.协奏曲
enhance /ɪn'hɑːns；-hæns；en-/ vt.提高；加强
mental /'ment（ə）l/ adj.脑力的；心智的；内心的；精神的
benefit /'benɪfɪt/ vt.有益于；对……有益
rejuvenation /rɪˌdʒʊvə'neiʃən/ n.恢复；回春
participant /pɑː'tɪsɪp（ə）nt/ n.参与者
abstract /'æbstrækt/ adj.抽象的
verbal /'vɜːb（ə）l/ adj.言语的；口头的
spatial /'speɪʃ（ə）l/ adj.空间的
sonata /sə'nɑːtə/ n.奏鸣曲
sub-task /ˈsʌbˌtɑːsk/ n.子任务
extend /ɪk'stend；ek-/ vi.延长；延伸
columnist /'kɒləm（n）ɪst/ n.专栏作家；专栏记者
light-hearted /ˌlaɪt ˈhɑː（r）tɪd/ adj.轻松愉快的
smart /smɑːt/ adj.聪明的；机灵的；精明的
composer /kəm'pəʊzə/ n.作曲家
sewage /'suːɪdʒ/ n.污水
Phrases and Expressions
a variety of 种种，各种各样
as a result 结果
provide...with...为……提供……
in the expectation that...期望
in general 总的说来，一般而言
control group（用于实验）对照组
break down 分解
Related Information
1.IQ：IQ 是英文Intelligence Quotient（智商）的缩写，IQ 测试是智力测试的一种方法，主要测试的能力有观察力、注意力、记忆力、思维力、分析判断力、应变能力、想象力。智力的高低以智商IQ 来表示。
2.Stanford-Binet IQ test：斯坦福—比奈智力量表是美国斯坦福大学教授推孟（Terman）于1916年对“比奈—西孟智力量表”修订而成的，其后又进行了三次修订。其测验以个别方式进行，通常幼儿不超过30～40 分钟，成人测试不多于90 分钟。
3.Beethoven：路德维希•凡•贝多芬（Ludwig van Beethoven，1770—1827）伟大的德国作曲家、维也纳古典乐派代表人物之一，对世界音乐的发展（从古典主义时期到浪漫主义时期）有着举足轻重的作用。他前承莫扎特晚期错综复杂的音乐风格，后推舒曼、李斯特、勃拉姆斯等作曲家的浪漫主义音乐浪潮，被世人尊称为 “乐圣”。
4.New York Times：《纽约时报》，有时简称为“时报”（The Times），是一份在美国纽约出版的日报，在全世界发行，有相当的影响力，是美国高级报纸、严肃刊物的代表，长期以来拥有良好的公信力和权威性。
5.Boston Globe：《波士顿环球报》，创刊于1872年，是美国波士顿发行量最大的报纸，于1993年被《纽约时报》公司以11亿美元的价格收归旗下，创下报社收购价最高纪录。
6.UK Guardian：《卫报》是英国的全国性综合内容日报，创刊于1959年，因总部设于曼彻斯特而又称为《曼彻斯特卫报》。总部于1964年迁至首都伦敦，但在曼城和伦敦均设有印刷设施。一般公众视《卫报》的政治观点为中间偏左。
Exercise 1
The passage can be divided into 3 parts.The main idea of each part is given below in disorder.Complete the following table according to your understanding of the text.
Main ideas:
a.Some media reported that Mozart’s music can produce positive effect for different purposes.
b.It gives a brief introduction to Mozart Effect.
c.Various experiments show that listening to Mozart’s music can help increase people’s IQ and enhancing their spatial reasoning.
Exercise 2
Match the paragraphs on the left column with the information on the right.
1—______；2—______；3—______；4—______；5—______；6—______.
Re-reading
Read in more detail and complete the following exercises according to the text.
Exercise 1
Answer each of the following questions with the information from the text.
1.Why does Alfred A.Tomatis believe that listening to Mozart’s music promotes healing and the development of the brain?
2.What does Don Campbell’s experiment show?
3.What did Rauscher and other researchers discover in their research of the effect of listening to Mozart’s music?
4.How does the media respond to the researches about the effect of Mozart’s music?
Exercise 2
Choose the best answer to complete each of the statements according to the text.
1.The term “Mozart Effect” came into being because________________.
A.people found that listening to Mozart’s music has healing power
B.the media reported the beneficial effects of listening to Mozart’s music
C.listening to Mozart’s music can temporarily increase IQ
D.listening to Mozart’s music can enhance people’s spatial reasoning
2.The U.S.Governor of Georgia decided to provide children with a CD of classical music because________________.
A.the research shows that many children have problems in hearing
B.the research shows that listening to Mozart’s music promotes healing
C.the research shows that listening to Mozart’s music increases IQ
D.the research shows that listening to Mozart’s music cures many disorders
3.Don Campbell suggests playing some classical music to infants in order that________________.
A.it will help their ears
B.it will motivate them to love music
C.it will cure their mental disorders
D.it will promote their mental development
4.It can be inferred from Campbell’s research that________________.
A.listening to Mozart’s music helps people sleep well
B.listening to Mozart’s music makes a child physically healthy
C.every child should learn music and appreciate it
D.every child is supposed to increase their IQ
5.Rauscher’s research has found that________________.
A.listening to Mozart’s music has a long enhancement of spatial reasoning
B.listening to Mozart’s music has a short enhancement of spatial reasoning
C.listening to Mozart’s music increases everyone’s IQ
D.listening to Mozart’s music increases children’s IQ more than adults
6.We can know from the media that________________.
A.Mozart’s music can help one become physically stronger
B.Mozart’s music can make people in a sewage treatment plant work harder
C.Mozart’s music can make children study better in computer lessons
D.Mozart’s music can increase working efficiency for sewage treatment