专项攻克
第一篇
Unpopular Subjects?
Is there a place in today’s society for the study of useless subjects in our universities?Just over 100 years ago Fitzgerald argued in a well-written letter 1 Nature that“Universities must be allowed to study useless subjects. 2 they don’t,who will?”He went on to use the 3 of Maxwell’s electrodynamics(电动力学)as one case where a“useless subject”has been transformed to a useful subject.
Nowadays this argument is again very much 4 in many universities.Indeed one suspects that it is one of those arguments that must be 5 anew(重新)by each generation. But now there is an added twist—subjects must not only be useful,they must also be 6 enough that students will flock(蜂拥)to do them,and even flock to pay to do them.
As universities become commercial operations,the pressure to 7 subjects or departments that are less popular will become stronger and stronger.Perhaps this is most strongly 8 at the moment by physics.There has been much 9 in the press of universities about closing down physics departments and incorporate them with mathematics or engineering departments.
Many scientists think otherwise.They see physics as a 10 science,which must be kept alive if only to 11 a base for other sciences and engineering.It is of their great personal concern that physics teaching and research is under 12 in many universities.How can it be preserved in the rush towards commercial competition?A major turnaround(转变)in student popularity may have to 13 until the industrial world discovers that it needs physicists and starts paying them well.
Physics is now not only unpopular;it is also“hard”.We can do more about the latter by 14 teaching in our schools and universities.We can also 15 cooperative arrangements to ensure that physicists keep their research and teaching up to date.
1.A.about B.of C.to D.on
2.A.If B.As C.Because D.Since
3.A.question B.example C.design D.device
4.A.powerful B.terrible C.difficult D.active
5.A.fought B.weighted C.respected D.selected
6.A.clear B.popular C.indefinite D.available
7.A.choose B.strengthen C.eliminate D.identify
8.A.recommended B.opposed C.suspected D.felt
9.A.discussion B.fancy C.evidence D.influence
10.A.precise B.noble C.new D.fundamental
11.A.install B.provide C.reach D.cover
12.A.agreement B.construction C.threat D.consideration
13.A.wait B.move C.progress D.increase
14.A.running B.improving C.learning D.dropping
15.A.fix B.modify C.review D.develop
第二篇
UFOs
Sixty years ago,a man named Kenneth Arnold saw something that we can still 1 today— something that changed popular culture for ever.
Flying his plane over mountains in the US state of Washington,he saw a line of strange objects,either crescent-shaped(月牙形的)or disc-like,flying 2 the motion of a saucer(碟)skimming(飞速掠过)on water.
The media soon picked up on the story—the Flying Saucers were here!Was the earth being 3 by creatures from another planet?Soon,So many sightings were made that the US military began to 4 .It called these strange objects UFOs—Unidentified Flying Objects,and that is how they are 5 today.
Military investigations found no evidence of visitors from outer space.But that did not stop the true 6 .The military were 7 up,they said.Or maybe it was because the travelers from space were of such superior intelligence 8 they could hide from military analysts(分析家).
People have always seen strange lights in the sky.In the past these were explained in 9 ways. In a world where religion was less influential and science fiction was popular,signs from God were replaced by visitors from other 10 .
The date of the first UFO sightings was also significant.In l947,World War II had just ended and the 11 War was just beginning.Humanity seemed locked in endless conflicts.Like generations before them,people looked 12 the skies for help.But instead of seeking God,they looked for help from super-intelligent aliens(外星人)with 13 technology.Belief in UFOs became the first religion of science.
However,even people who believe in UFOs are not quite sure why they visit the earth.The universe is a big place and it is 14 to assume that there is life somewhere out there.It is possible that aliens have worked out how to travel through space.Yet some people report that they have been taken by aliens and have had experiments 15 on them.Why would anyone travel across half the universe to conduct medical experiments on people living in small towns in the United States?
1.A.look B.see C.seek D.feel
2.A.below B.before C.with D.under
3.A.ruled B.bombed C.captured D.visited
4.A.investigate B.attack C.shoot D.confront
5.A.written B.said C.known D.told
6.A.believers B.thinkers C.followers D.runners
7.A.putting B.covering C.cheating D.tricking
8.A.which B.what C.this D.that
9.A.funny B.crude C.religious D.foolish
10.A.planets B.continents C.countries D.regions
11.A.Cool B.Nuclear C.Star D.Cold
12.A.above B.to C.at D.up
13.A.traditional B.backward C.classical D.advanced
14.A.unthinkable B.impossible C.reasonable D.unimaginable
15.A.performed B.studied C.brought D.taken
第三篇
Cell Phone Lets Your Secret Out
Your cell phone holds secrets about you.Besides the names and 1 that you’ve programmed into it,traces of your DNA linger(逗留)on the device,according to a new study.
DNA is genetic material that 2 in every cell.Like your fingerprint,your DNA is unique to you 3 you have an identical twin.Scientists today routinely analyze DNA in blood,saliva(唾液),or hair left 4 at the scene of a crime.The results often help detectives identify 5 and their victims.Your cell phone can reveal more about you 6 you might think.
Meghan J.McFadden,a scientist at McMaster University in Hamilton,Ontario,heard about a crime in which the suspect bled onto a cell phone and later dropped the 7 .This made her wonder whether traces of DNA lingered on cell phones—even when no blood was involved. 8 she and colleague Margaret Wallace of the City University of New York analyzed the flip-open phones of 10 volunteers. They used swabs(药签)to collect 9 traces of the users from two parts of the phone:the outside, where the user holds it,and the 10 ,which is placed at the user’s ear.
The scientists scrubbed the phones using a solution made mostly 11 alcohol.The aim of washing was to remove all detectable traces of DNA.The owners got their phones 12 for another week.Then the researchers collected the phones and repeated the swabbing of each phone once more.
The scientists discovered DNA that 13 to the phone’s speaker on each of the phones.Better samples were collected from the outside of each phone,but those swabs also picked up DNA that belonged to other people who had apparently also handled the phone. 14 ,DNA showed up even in swabs that were taken immediately after the phones were scrubbed(擦洗).That suggests that washing won’t remove all traces of evidence from a criminal’s device. So cell phones can now be added to the 15 of clues that can decide a crime-scene investigation.
1.A.numbers B.music C.secrets D.films
2.A.appeals B.appoints C.appears D.applies
3.A.because B.unless C.although D.still
4.A.about B.in C.for D.behind
5.A.criminals B.people C.men D.policemen
6.A.when B.until C.before D.than
7.A.device B.paper C.file D.document
8.A.However B.So C.Nevertheless D.But
9.A.invisible B.non-existent C.visible D.apparent
10.A.card B.key C.screen D.speaker
11.A.of B.up C.on D.into
12.A.upon B.back C.without D.with
13.A.was given B.belonged C.was owned D.became
14.A.Generally B.Surprisingly C.Disappointedly D.Shortly
15.A.explanation B.discovery C.book D.list
答案与解析
第一篇
1.C。从上下文语境来看,这里讲的是Fitzgerald写给《自然》杂志的信。letter to意为“写给……的信”。
2.A。这里考查的是状语从句。这里是说,大学应该允许去学一些没有用的课程。他们不允许,谁会允许?四个连词放到空白处语法上都成立,但只有选项A放进去后意思才讲得通,故选A。
3.B。这里是说,他选择Maxwell的电动力学作为一个例子,所以正确答案为example,其他几个选项放在句子中意思不通。
4.D。从搭配来看,active在这里表示“热烈的,激烈的”的意思,形容争论或讨论热烈。
5.A。这里考查的是习惯搭配fight an argument(展开一场争论)。
6.B。popular的意思是“时髦的,热门的”。一些专业只有成为热门,选的学生才多。根据上下文只能选B。
7.C。从上下文语境来看,随着大学越来越商业化,那些不时髦的课程和院系的压力越来越大。四个选项中eliminate(撤掉,拿掉)符合语境。
8.D。本段前面两句主要谈人们想把一些不时髦的专业和系去掉。本题所在的句子的意思是物理系感触尤深。
9.A。这里是说,曾经有很多催促大学关闭物理院系和将其与数学或者工程院系合并的讨论。四个选项分别代入,discussion(讨论)符合语境。
10.D。这里考查的是固定搭配fundamental science(基础科学)。
11.B。这里考查的是固定搭配provide a base for other science(为其他科学打基础)。其他几个选项不搭配介词for,意思上也讲不通。
12.C。这里考查的是固定短语under threat(面临危险)。从搭配来看,排除A。选项B和D虽然可以和under搭配使用,但意思讲不通。
13.A。这里是说,只有等到工业界的人们发现他们需要物理学家,而且开始高薪聘用物理学家时,才会有更多的学生对物理学感兴趣。wait until...(等到……时),其他几个选项意思讲不通。
14.B。这里是说,我们通过改进教学方法来使物理不难学。四个选项中improving(改进,提高)符合语境。
15.D。这里是说,我们也能通过开展合作安排来保证物理研究和物理教学及时得到更新。fix(固定,安装),modify(修改,修饰),review(复习)虽然都可以和arrangement搭配,但这里只有develop arrangement符合原文的意思,所以选D。
第二篇
1.B。这里是说,60年前Kenneth Arnold看到了我们今天依然能看到的现象。上文出现过saw这个动词,still提示此处也应填see。
2.C。这里考查的是介词的用法。flying后面需要的是一个方式状语,来修饰flying这个动作,只有with是合适的,表示伴随:with the motion of a saucer skimming on water(像飞碟飞速掠过水面般的动作)。
3.D。这里是说,当时人们只可能提出“是否有来自另外一个星球的生灵造访地球?”这个问题,所以应该选visit,其他选项role,bomb,capture的意思分别为“统治”“轰炸”“捕获”,都不适合此处的语境。
4.A。这里是说,由于这个现象多次被观察到,所以美国军方开始着手调查。四个选项分别代入,只有investigate(调查)符合语境;attack,shoot,confront的意义分别是“攻击”“射击”“面对”,都不符合文章的意思。
5.C。这里是说,美国军方把这些奇怪的物体称为UFO(不明飞行物),这就是今天它们名字的由来。
6.A。这里是说,尽管军方的调查没有发现天外来客的迹象,但这并不能阻止那些笃信者。这里只能选true believers(笃信者),而不是thinkers(思想家),或者followers(追随者)。runners则和文章的内容完全无关。
7.B。这里考查cover up这个短语,意思是“掩盖”。这句话的意思是:这些人认为军方在掩盖事实。
8.D。这里是考查固定结构such...that...(如此……以致……)。
9.C。所给的四个选项不论从语法的角度还是从语义的角度考虑都可以填入到这个空格里。但下面的句子给了提示,它讲到在宗教不那么具有影响力的情况下人们会怎么想;回到本句,它讲的是在过去也就是宗教的影响比较大的情况下人们当然会从宗教的角度来解释这个现象。
10.A。这里是说,在宗教不那么盛行,而科幻又变得流行的情况下,人们不再把这些看作是上帝的踪迹,而认为它们是来自其他星球的来访者。四个选项只有planets(星球)符合语境。
11.D。注意这个War是大写的,所以不会填入一个像cool,nuclear这样的修饰性的词汇,而应该是一个专有名称。第二次世界大战结束后,世界进入所谓的“冷战”(the Cold War)时期。这是个常识性问题。
12.B。这里考查固定短语look to...for help(向……求助)。
13.D。这里是说,现代人要向那些拥有先进技术的外星人求助,显然答案应为advanced(先进的,高级的)。
14.C。这里是说,宇宙浩瀚,因此假设在宇宙的其他地方存在生命是合理的。在四个选项中,只有reasonable(合理的)的意义是肯定的,其他三个词的意义都是否定的。
15.A。这里考查的是习惯搭配perform the experiment(做实验)。这句话的意思是:有些人报告说他们曾被外星人抓获,并让他们在自己身上做了试验。
第三篇
1.A。根据我们的常识,人们通常在手机中储存人名和电话号码,所以A是最佳选择。虽然手机中也能储存音乐、秘密信息和影片,相比之下,不如A合理。
2.C。从上下文语境来看,DNA是一种存在于每一个细胞中的基因物质。根据这一理解,选项A、B、D均不是答案。
3.B。从上下文语境来看,如同指纹,你的DNA是独一无二的,所以此处只能选择unless。其他选择均不符合句意,也违背了我们对DNA的基本认识。
4.D。这里考查的是固定搭配leave behind(留下)。
5.A。从上下文语境来看,研究结果是用来帮助侦探识别罪犯和受害人的,B、C、D都不能表达这一层意思。
6.D。这里考查的是比较结构,句子中的more提供了选择的线索,表明这里是比较,所以选择than。
7.A。从上文语境来看,犯罪嫌疑人的手机沾上了血迹,随后就扔了。这里显然是扔掉了手机,所以选择device,其他选项均不能指代cell phone。
8.B。这里考查的是句子间的逻辑关系。从上下文语境来看,她思考微量DNA是否会停留在手机上,因此她与同事们一起对10名志愿者的翻盖手机进行了分析研究。四个选项分别代入,只有so表示因果关系最合适,A、C、D表示的都是转折关系。
9.A。从上下文语境来看,这里搜集的traces指的是DNA traces(DNA痕迹),而DNA traces是肉眼看不到的,所以选择invisible(看不见的)。
10.D。从上下文语境来看,研究者从手机的两部分收集手机上的DNA痕迹:一是手机外壳,二是放在使用者耳朵上的扬声器。四个选项中贴在耳朵上的不可能是card,screen和key,只能是speaker(喇叭,扬声器)。
11.A。这里考查的是固定短语be made of(由……制成)。a solution made mostly of alcohol:一种主要由酒精制成的溶液。
12.B。从上下文语境来看,应该选择back:手机拥有者拿回了手机,再使用一个星期。
13.B。从原文的介词to来看,只有be given to(被给予)和belong to(属于)搭配,另外两个选项不搭配to。从上下文语境来看,科学家在每一部手机上发现了手机拥有者的DNA,显然belong to符合语境。
14.B。下文告诉我们手机经过清洗后仍然有微量DNA出现。所以这里要用surprisingly这个副词,表示令人惊讶。
15.D。从上下文的语境来看,手机可以被加入到决定犯罪现场调查的线索的名单上。四个选项中只有list(名单)符合语境,其他三个选项与句子的意思不符。