Zhongshan Hospital

Founded by Yan Fuqing in 1927，Shanghai Medical College is a medical college managed，taught and supported by Chinese people.Its predecessor is the No.4 Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine.^[50] “At the beginning of its establishment，the college had no foundation，with only four teachers，22 students，and RMB 40，000.Without any self-built buildings，Wusong Political University was used.Later，Wusong Political University was destroyed during the January 28 Incident in the 21st year（1932） of the Republic of China，so the temporary college building on Haige Road （now Huashan Road） was used for five years.”^[51] The situation of school buildings was poor，let alone that of teaching and practice hospitals.

The establishment proposal of Zhongshan Hospital can be traced back to 1930.Yan Fuqing initiated the organization of the Preparatory Committee of Zhongshan Hospital under the name of “following the wish of Sun Yat-sen to save the people”.Kong Xiangxi was appointed as the Director，and leaders from all walks of life were invited to work together，and funds were raised.^[52] The Preparatory Committee was financially supported by the Rockefeller Foundation of the United States with more than 130 mu of its base on Rue du Pere Froc （now Hefei Road）in Shanghai as a gift，making the construction of Zhongshan Hospital possible.However，there are conditions attached to the donation： “if the land of donation is sold off，its income can only be used for foundation acquisition and hospital funds，not for building or other purposes”，so the cost of building the hospital can only be raised by the Chinese people.With the help of Kong Xiangxi （Chairman of the Board of Directors for Administration of Medical Enterprises in Shanghai），“Zhongshan Hospital needs RMB 800,000 for buildings and equipment，RMB 600,000 of which have been raised through donation from all walks of life，including 956 associations and individuals，and there is still RMB 200,000 to be raised”.^[53]

In the spring of 1935，although the funds had not yet been completely raised，Shanghai Medical College started the construction of Zhongshan Hospital on the land of 40 mu it purchased in Fenglinqiao.The construction was officially started in June and completed in December of the next year.The Shanghai Municipal Government headed by the mayor Wu Tiecheng provided conveniences including the demolition of hospital foundation and the construction of supporting municipal roads.^[54] On April 1，1937，the Opening Ceremony of Zhongshan Hospital & the Completion Ceremony of Shanghai Medical College was held at 2 o ’clock in the order of （ⅰ） singing of the KMT song，（ⅱ） salute to the national flag of the KMT and the portrait of Sun Yat-sen，（ⅲ） reading of the Sun Yat-sen ’s will，（ⅳ） chairman ’s speech，（ⅴ） reporting of the construction process of Zhongshan Hospital and Shanghai Medical College，（ⅵ） lecture given by the representative of the KMT Headquarters in Shanghai，（ⅶ） lecture given by the mayor of Shanghai，（ⅷ） lecture given by the Director of the Department of Health，（ⅸ） speech by guests，（ⅹ） reading of congratulations，（ⅹⅰ） opening ceremony （Mrs.Soong Ai-ling），（ⅹⅱ） photography，（ⅹⅲ） tea break，（ⅹⅳ） visit，（ⅹⅴ） completion.^[55] Although the establishment of Zhongshan Hospital was almost entirely under the help of social forces，the party-state system and Sun Yat-sen ’s indoctrination were fully penetrated into the order arrangement of its opening ceremony.

When Zhongshan Hospital was just completed，there was only one main building and the Liangcai Hall，with a building area of about 13，600 square meters.There were 450 beds （300 beds were open to the public）.Departments of internal medicine，surgeries，obstetrics，ophthalmology，otolaryngology，etc.were initially set up.Most of the medical staff came from the First Hospital of the Red Cross Society of China （now Huashan Hospital）.After the outbreak of the Battle of Shanghai in 1937，Zhongshan Hospital was renamed as the No.6 Hospital for Relief to the Wounded and the First International Hospital.In three months，more than 20,000 wounded soldiers were admitted.Under the leadership of Yan Fuqing，all the patients and medical equipment in Zhongshan Hospital were transferred to the First Hospital of the Red Cross Society of China before Chinese controlled districts in Shanghai and the hospital were occupied by the Japanese army.After 1939，some medical staff of Zhongshan Hospital were moved to Yunnan，Chongqing，etc.^[56]