Conclusions
The worship of Sun Yat-sen is a natural process.For example，Sir James Cantlie，teacher of Sun Yat-sen，made no secret of his worship[84].It is also an intentional result of the KMT and other political forces.Any historical writing that emphasizes only this aspect is biased.
The memorials to Sun Yat-sen in Shanghai after his death have both similarities and unique historical development track compared with those in other major cities such as Beijing，Nanjing and Guangzhou.Shanghai is one of the most important cities in Sun Yat-sen ’s life，but with few memorials to him，which may be closely related to its unique urban personality.
First of all，modern Shanghai maintained long-term governance by three administrations.After the Opium War，Shanghai opened ports for trade and foreign concessions were established one after another.At that time，the two concessions had existed in Shanghai for nearly 100 years，covering an area of about 50,000 mu，forming an independent urban center area.Due to the protection of unequal treaties，this area was neither under the direct jurisdiction of the Chinese government nor a colony of any great powers.With their own legislative，judicial and administrative systems，the two concessions were just like two pocket republics.[85] Even the Chiang Kai-shek-controlled Nanjing National Government could not enter.Sun Yat-sen insisted on nationalism and regarded the concessions in Shanghai as sub colonies[86]，and from time to time expressed his political statement in public speeches to recover the concessions.[87] In 1924，when Sun Yat-sen passed through Shanghai towards Beijing and Tianjin，the North -China Daily News even published an article to call on the Public Works Bureau to refuse Sun ’s entry into the public concessions.The contradiction in interests between Sun Yat-sen and foreign powers makes it impossible to build any new memorials to Sun Yat-sen before the concessions in Shanghai is recovered by the Chinese government.After the outbreak of the Pacific War and the end of the isolated island period in Shanghai，the Wang puppet regime under the support of Japanese militarism intended to scramble with Chongqing regime for Sun Yat-sen ’s political heritage.As a result，Zhongshan Park entered the original Shanghai concession area for the first time.However，the Wang puppet regime was unable to fundamentally reverse the existing propaganda strategies of Japanese militarism.After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War，Shanghai was restored，and the former Shanghai concession area was also under the management of Shanghai municipal organizations.However，there were too many to be reconstructed in a short time，coupled with the disturbance of the war，the construction of memorials to Sun Yat-sen was not carried out on a large scale.[88]
Secondly，the situation of Chinese controlled districts in Shanghai was more complicated than that of the concessions.Before the northern expedition，the KMT did not control the Chinese controlled districts in Shanghai.At this time，the situation of the Chinese controlled districts in Shanghai was the same as that of foreign concessions.The scramble between the KMT left and right factions for leadership dominated，becoming the theme of the first and second anniversaries of Sun Yatsen ’s death.[89] With the establishment of Shanghai Special Municipal Government on July 7，1927 as the node，the relevant construction activities of memorials to Sun Yat-sen were carried out in the slogan of Greater Shanghai construction by Chinese controlled districts in Shanghai.However，in such non-municipal construction，only a monument and a bronze statue of Sun Yat-sen were built，all funded by the public and promoted by the society.Other large-scale projects such as Zhongshan Memorial Hall and Zhongshan Park were not implemented though their proposals were put forward several times.The reasons are rather complicated，mainly for “limited funds” at that time.For example，in 1931，the KMT Headquarters of the 5th District of the Executive Committee of Shanghai Special Municipality applied for the construction of Zhongshan Memorial Hall on the grounds that “there is no public auditorium in Pudong Area，making it inconvenient in the event of assembly and other matters”.The government agreed，but hoped to reconstruct a “large temple”，and the reconstruction funds shall not exceed RMB 5,000.Finally，the plan of Zhongshan Memorial Hall in Pudong was not implemented.
In fact，the “limited funds” are only a representation，and the essence is closely related to the Nanjing National Government ’s positioning to Shanghai.Many plans in the municipal construction of Greater Shanghai could not be decided by Shanghai government alone，but should be“submitted to Nanjing government for approval”.When Shanghai Special Municipality was established，Chiang Kai-shek clearly defined the future development direction of Shanghai： “Ordinary cities are not comparable to Shanghai Special Municipality.It is even the first special municipality in East Asia.The military，economic，transportation and other issues of China take are based on those of Shanghai Special Municipality.If the Shanghai Special Municipality cannot be arranged orderly，then military，economic，transportation and other issues of China would be put in chaos.”[90] In the eyes of Chiang Kai-shek，Shanghai only dominated the military，economic，transportation and other issues，but without the status of political center.Although not clearly pointed out in his precept，the political function of Shanghai should be replaced and dominated by that of Nanjing.The political significance of the Greater Shanghai construction activities at that time was fundamentally to serve the objective of “reclaiming the concessions”.As an international city accommodating people from all over the world，Shanghai “should be more complete undertakings such as sanitation，economy，land and education than the concessions.By that time，outsiders would not be an obstacle to and have no ability to prevent the recovery of concessions.”[91] On the premise of relatively limited funds，this urban positioning can explain why in the construction process of Greater Shanghai in downtown area，not only Shanghai Municipality Building was first built，followed by stadiums，libraries，museums，municipal hospitals and health laboratories，and even the aviation association club and exhibition hall （Airplane Shaped Building），all before the construction of Zhongshan Memorial Hall，not to speak of other memorials to Sun Yat-sen.
【注释】
[1]Wang Liping，“Creating a National Symbol: The Sun Yat-sen Memorial in Nanjing” ［In Chinese］，Republican China，Vol.21，No.2，April 1996，pp.23-63.
[2]Pan Guangzhe，Washington Is in China —Making of the Father of the Nation ［In Chinese］，Taipei: San Min Books，2005；Li Gongzhong，Sun Yat-sen ’s Mausoleum: Making of a Political Symbol in Modern China ［In Chinese］，Social Sciences Academic Press，2009；Ishikawa Yoshihiro，“Sun Yat-sen after Death—Memorial and Commemorative Week” ［In Japanese］，Research Information Repository，Vol.79，September 2006；Tian Hailin and Li Junling，“Ceremony Politics: the National Sacrifices for Sun Yat-sen by KMT and the Nanjing National Government” ［In Chinese］，Journal of Historical Science，Vol.4，2007；Luo Fuhui and Zhu Ying，eds.，Centennial Memories and Explanations After Xinhai Revolution ［In Chinese］，Central China Normal University Press，2011；Luo Guohui and Shao Yong，“On Sun Yat-sen ’s Memorial Activities During the Anti-Japanese War” ［In Chinese］，Social Sciences of Guangdong，Vol.3，2011；Duan Chunhui，“Analysis of the Production Path of Sun Yat-sen ’s Social Memory in the Period of the Republic of China” ［In Chinese］，Theoretic Observation，Vol.5，2007.Chen Yunqian expounded the issues related to the worship for Sun Yatsen in a series of treatises，including the“‘Premier ’s Commemorative Week’ at the Temporal and Ceremonial Dimensions” ［In Chinese］，Open Times，Vol.4，2005；“Reconfiguration of Space and the Worship for Sun Yat-sen: A Study Centered on Zhongshan Park During the Period of the Republic of China” ［In Chinese］，Historical Review，Vol.1，2006；“Legitimacy and the Construction of Sun Yat-sen ’s Political Symbol” ［In Chinese］，Jianghai Academic Journal，Vol.2，2006；“Arbor Day and Worship of Sun Yat Sen” ［In Chinese］，Journal of Nanjing University，Vol.5，2006；“‘Portrait of Premier’ and Worship for Sun Yat-sen” ［In Chinese］，Jiangsu Social Sciences，Vol.6，2006；“National Ceremony，Folk Rituals and Social Memory: National Coffin Memorial and Construction of Sun Yat-sen Symbol” ［In Chinese］，Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences，Vol.8，2009；Worship and Memory:the Construction and Dissemination of Sun Yat-sen as a Symbol ［In Chinese］，Nanjing University Press，2009 （hereinafter referred to as the Worship and Memory）.The Worship and Memory discusses the construction of Sun Yat-sen ’s image by examining and analyzing the activities，ceremonies and relevant spatial facilities to commemorate Sun Yat-sen.
[3]Wang Gengxiong，Sun Yat-sen and Shanghai［In Chinese］，Shanghai People Publishing House，1991；Xiong Yuezhi，“Sun Yat-sen and Shanghai” ［In Chinese］，History Research and Teaching，Vol.3，1997；Xu Tao，Sun Yat-sen and Shanghai ［In Chinese］，Guangdong Economic Press，2012.
[4]Sun Yat-sen had few construction practices in Shanghai，mainly in railway and finance，such as the establishment of China Railway Corporation，the preparation for Industrial Corporation，the holding of the Chief Executive of the Bank of China，and the participation in establishing the Shanghai Stock Exchange.What had the greatest influence was his The International Development of China: A Project to Assist the Readjustment of Post — Bellum Industries written in 1918 and 1919，which was later compiled as the General Plan Ⅱ of National Construction: Material Construction，covering forward-looking expositions on Shanghai ’s Oriental Port.See Xu Tao，“Sun Yat-sen ’s View on Shanghai” ［In Chinese］，Historical Review，Vol.3，2011；Xu Tao，“Writing Course of Sun Yat-sen ’s General Plan of National Construction” ［In Chinese］，Literature and Research of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching Ling，Vol.4，2013.
[5]Chen Yunqian，Worship and Memory ［In Chinese］，p.89.
[6]It used to be the residence of Left Commissioner-in-chief Tian Hongyu，father of one of the Chongzhen Emperor ’s concubines.There was a pair of iron lions given by Emperor Chongzhen in front of the residence.The subsequent owners are Liu Zongmin，Zhang Yong，Zhu Xi，Gu Weijun，etc.After the death of Sun Yat-sen，the Funeral Committee decided to hang the plaque“Dr.Sun Yat-sen ’s Death Memorial Room” in front of the door.The interior is divided into inner nd outer rooms，with furnishings displayed according to those before the death of Sun Yat-sen.The west wall of the outer room is inlaid with a rectangular calcium carbonate stone inscribed with“Dr.Sun Yat-sen Died at 09∶25 on March 12，the 14th Year of the Republic of China”.Above the stone hangs the portrait of the prime minister.There are the prime minister ’s will，Sun Yatsen ’s letter to the Soviet Union，and books such as the General Plan of National Construction and Complete Book of Dr.Sun Yat-sen.See “Dr.Sun Yat-sen ’s Death Memorial Room in Iron Lion Lane” ［In Chinese］，in Liang Huaping and Ye Suzhen，Footprints of Dr.Sun Yat-sen，Historical and Literary Materials of Hubei，Vol.35，Hubei CPPCC Historical and Literary Materials Committee，1991，pp.200-201；Tian Shaoguo，“Dr.Sun Yat-sen ’s Death Memorial Room” ［In Chinese］，in Zeng Xianlin，eds.，Encyclopedia of the National Revolution ［In Chinese］，Hubei Press of Classics，1996，p.809.
[7]Chen Yunqian，Worship and Memory［In Chinese］，pp.346-348.
[8]Now No.180 Nanchang Road，Shanghai.This building has a deep relationship with Sun Yatsen.It once served as the Affairs Department of the Chinese Revolutionary Party Headquarters and the KMT Headquarters，at this time，it was the KMT Central Executive in Shanghai.In October 1923，the Provisional Central Committee of the KMT was established in Guangzhou.In December，No.44 Huanlong Road became the Shanghai Executive of the Provisional Central Committee of the KMT.After the first KMT-CPC collaboration，on January 31，1924，Sun Yatsen presided over the first plenary session of the first Central Committee of the KMT，at which members of the Central Committee were decided to be appointed to set up executives in Shanghai，Beijing，Hankou，Harbin and Sichuan （failure in Harbin and Sichuan） to act on behalf of the central authorities and direct the KMT headquarters at the provincial level.On February 25，the first meeting of the Executive Committee was held to coordinate the management of affairs in Jiangsu，Zhejiang，Anhui，Jiangxi and Shanghai，and on March 1，official work began.See Ren Wuxiong，“Shanghai Executive of the Kuomintang during the first KMT-CPC Collaboration Period” ［In Chinese］，in Committee on Cultural and Historical Materials of Shanghai Branch of the Chinese People ’s Political Consultative Conference，Selected Collection of Cultural and Historical Materials of Shanghai，Vol.45，Shanghai People Publishing House，1984，pp.1-10；Lu Miqiang，“Textual Research on the History of the Former Site of KMT Central Executive in Shanghai”［In Chinese］，in Memorial Hall of the Site of First National Congress of Communist Party of China and Preparatory Office of Shanghai Revolutionary History Museum，eds.，Materials and Research on Shanghai Revolutionary History，Vol.8，Shanghai Classics Publishing House，2008，pp.380-388.
[9]Now No.7 Xiangshan Road in Shanghai.The Memorial Hall of Sun Yat-sen ’s Former Residence in Shanghai is the only real estate of Sun Yat-sen before his death.
[10]Committee on National Funeral of Dr.Sun Yat-sen，eds.，A Record of Melancholic Remembrances（Ⅱ） ［In Chinese］，in Shen Yunlong，eds.，Modern Chinese Historical Materials （569） ［In Chinese］，Taipei: Wenhai Press，1970，p.239.
[11]Committee on National Funeral of Dr.Sun Yat-sen，eds.，A Record of Melancholic Remembrances（Ⅱ） ［In Chinese］，p.236.
[12]Committee on National Funeral of Dr.Sun Yat-sen，eds.，A Record of Melancholic Remembrances（Ⅱ） ［In Chinese］，pp.239-241.
[13]Committee on National Funeral of Dr.Sun Yat-sen，eds.，A Record of Melancholic Remembrances（Ⅱ） ［In Chinese］，pp.242-260.
[14]Xu Tao，“New Discussion on the Relationship between Sun Yat-sen and Shanghai” ［In Chinese］，Social Science，Vol.3，2012.
[15]After the death of Sun Yat-sen，there was lengthy and tedious coverage in Shun Pao.A total of 16 reports on local news with the title of Mourning for the Death of Sun Yat-sen from March 14，1925 to record the mourning in Shanghai.See “Mourning for the Death of Sun Yat-sen （Ⅲ）” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，March 16，1925，ed.13 and 14，p.4；“Mourning for the Death of Sun Yat-sen （Ⅳ）”［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，March 17，1925，ed.13 and 14，p.4；“Mourning for the Death of Sun Yat-sen”［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，March 19，1925，ed.13 and 14，p.4，etc.
[16]Feng Shuang，Chronicle of Zou Lu（Volume I） ［In Chinese］，Sun Yat-sen University Press，2010，p.311.
[17]“The only true Kuomintang is Xishan Faction，that is，the Kuomintang at No.44 Huanlong Road.Why？ Because they are the only and the most thorough anti-Communist and anti-Russian faction from the beginning.Others including Wang，Jiang and Feng ever joined forces with the Communist Party and Russia，that is to say，their anti-Communist and anti-Russian activities were still incomplete，not to speak of openly canceling the declaration，platform and Party Constitution of the first congress drafted by the third international and the Communist Party of China on their behalf.Only Xishan Faction aimed to completely revive the Kuomintang before reorganization.They are the real old Kuomintang！” Chen Duxiu，Collection of Works of Chen Duxiu ［In Chinese］，Vol.4，People ’s Publishing House，2013，p.170.
[18]Ren Wuxiong，“Shanghai Executive of the Kuomintang during the first KMT-CPC Collaboration Period” ［In Chinese］，in Committee on Cultural and Historical Materials of Shanghai Branch of the Chinese People ’s Political Consultative Conference，eds.，Selected Collection of Cultural and Historical Materials of Shanghai ［In Chinese］，Vol.45，Shanghai People Publishing House，1984，pp.1-10.
[19]“Notice of Kuomintang Members in Shanghai on Supporting the General Meeting of the KMT Central Headquarters in Guangzhou” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，December 10-12，1925，ed.1，p.1；“Notice Ⅱ of Kuomintang Members in Shanghai on Supporting the General Meeting of the KMT Central Headquarters in Guangzhou” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，December 22-24，1925，ed.1，p.1；“Notice to All Comrades of the Kuomintang” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，December 25，1925，ed.1，p.1，etc.
[20]Rong Mengyuan，eds.，Materials of Previous Congresses and Plenary Sessions of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang ［In Chinese］，Vol.1，Guangming Daily Press，1985，p.68.
[21]“Founding Congress of the Kuomingtang Headquarters in Shanghai Special Municipality” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，January 4，1926，ed.13，p.4.
[22]“Announcement of the Election of the Kuomingtang Headquarters in Shanghai Special Municipality” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，February 19，1926，ed.14，p.4.
[23]“Notice of the Kuomintang in Commemoration of Sun Yat-sen” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，March 1，1926，ed.14，p.4.
[24]“Anniversary of Dr.Sun Yat-sen ’s Death Today” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，March 12，1926，ed.13，p.4.
[25]“Preparations for the Anniversary of Dr.Sun Yat-sen ’s Death” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，March 8，1926，ed.13.p.4；“Notice of Preparations for the Anniversary of Dr.Sun Yat-sen ’s Death” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，March 10，1926，ed.14.p.4.
[26]“Anniversary of Dr.Sun Yat-sen ’s Death Today” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，March 12，1926，ed.13，p.4.
[27]“Records at the Anniversary of Dr.Sun Yat-sen ’s Death Yesterday” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，March 13，1926，ed.13，p.4.
[28]“Details at the Second Anniversary of Dr.Sun Yat-sen ’s Death Yesterday” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，March 13，1927，ed.9，p.3.
[29]Wang Zhaoguang，Wang Qisheng and Jin Yilin，Success and Failure as a Ruler: Chiang Kai-shek ’s Life［In Chinese］，Shanxi People ’s Publishing House，2012，p.78.
[30]“Anniversary of Dr.Sun Yat-sen ’s Death Today” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，March 12，1926，ed.13，p.4.
[31]Previous studies discussed the dispute over the leadership of the Kuomintang，focusing on the conferences，such as Xishan Conference，the Second Congress in Guangdong，the Second Congress in Shanghai，the Fourth Congress in Guangdong，the Fourth Congress in Shanghai，and the Fourth Congress in Ningbo.Representatives include Wang Qisheng，Members，Power and Scramble for Leadership: Organizational Form of the Kuomintang in 1924-1949 ［In Chinese］，Sino-Culture Press，2010，pp.94-140.
[32]Editorial Committee of the Historical Records of the Republic of China，eds.，Historical Records of the Republic of China （January-June，1927） ［In Chinese］，Taipei: Research Center for Historical Materials of the Republic of China，1977，pp.1254-1256.
[33]Secretariat of Shanghai Municipal Government，eds.，Overview of Shanghai，Secretariat of Shanghai Municipal Government ［In Chinese］，1934，p.4.It should be noted that the progress of subsequent demarcation between Shanghai Special Municipality and Jiangsu Province was not smooth.“By July 1928，the government had only officially received 17 townships in Shanghai and Baoshan counties，while the rest had to be taken over slowly.In order to be different from the previous administrative divisions and convenient in management，the government renamed all the old townships into districts，and 17 townships were renamed into 17 districts first.” Zheng Zu ’an，Century-old Shanghai ［In Chinese］，Xuelin Press，1999，p.134.
[34]“Grand Occasion of the Establishment of Shanghai Municipal Government Yesterday” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，July 8，1927，ed.13，p.4.
[35]“ Municipal Slogans” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，December 8，1927，Shanghai Special Municipal Weekly，Vol.8，ed.18，p.2.
[36]Editorial Committee of the History of Modern Chinese Architecture，eds.，History of Modern Chinese Architecture ［In Chinese］，Academy of Architectural Sciences of the Ministry of Construction Engineering，1995；Zheng Zu ’an，“Progress of the Greater Shanghai Plan of the Kuomintang Government” ［In Chinese］，in Qiao Shuming，et al.，Study of Shanghai History ［In Chinese］，Xuelin Press，1984，PP.208-228 （Note: the authors of the original book include Qiao Shuming，Yang Qimin，Wang Pengcheng，Zheng Zu ’an and Lu Hanchao）；Kerrie L.MacPherson，“Designing China ’s Urban Future: The Greater Shanghai Plan，1927-1937”，Planning Perspectives，Vol.5，Issue 1，1990，pp.39-62；Yu Zidao，“A Review of Shanghai ’s Urban Development Planning in the Period of the Republic of China” ［In Chinese］，Fudan Journal，Vol.1，1992；Xiepu Laoren，“Failure of the Greater Shanghai Plan” ［In Chinese］，Shanghai Economy，Vol.2，1994；Zheng Shiling，Architectural Style in Modern Shanghai ［In Chinese］，Shanghai Education Press，1999；Alan Balfour and Zheng Shilling，eds.，World Cities: Shanghai，New York: Wiley Academy，2002；Duan Lian，“On the Guiding Significance of Sun Yat Sen ’s International Development of China to the Greater Shanghai Plan” ［In Chinese］，in Shanghai History Museum，eds.，Shanghai History Museum Journal ［In Chinese］，Vol.1，Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Press，2002，pp.103-120；Christian Henriot，Shanghai 1927-1937: Élites locales et modernisation dans la Chine nationaliste，trans.Zhang Peide，Xin Wenfeng and Xiao Qingzhang，Shanghai Classics Publishing House，2004；Dong Jianhong，eds.，History of Urban Architecture in China （Third Edition） ［In Chinese］，China Architecture &Building Press，2004；Guo Qizheng，“Frothing the Summoning of a New State — The Greater Shanghai Project and the Urban Politics of Shanghai，1927-1937” ［In Chinese］，Taipei，Journal of Geographical Sciences，Vol.19，May 2001；Zhang Xiaochun，Cultural Adaptation and Center Transfer: Urban Anthropology Study of Spatial Change in Modern Shanghai ［In Chinese］，Southeast University Press，2006；Wei Shu，Apocalypse of the Greater Shanghai Plan: Planning Change and Spatial Evolution of Urban Area in Modern Shanghai ［In Chinese］，Southeast University Press，2011；Yu Shien，“Preliminary Exploration on the Characteristics and Failure Reasons of the Greater Shanghai Plan in 1929” ［In Chinese］，History Research and Teaching，Vol.3，2014；Yue Qintao，“Land Acquisition and Suspension of Railway Reconstruction Planning of the Greater Shanghai Plan”［In Chinese］，Journal of Shanghai Normal University （Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition），Vol.4，2016，etc.
[37]Xing Jianrong，Dong Tingting，“Construction of Zhongshan Ring Road with Twists and Turns”［In Chinese］，in Shanghai History Museum，eds.，Traces of the Metropolis: A Collection of Shanghai History Museum［In Chinese］，Shanghai Literature & Art Publishing House，2009，pp.140-144.
[38]Shen Yi，Autobiography of Shen Yi ［In Chinese］，Taipei: Biographies Press，1985，p.109.
[39]Zhongshan Road “starts from Jiaotong Road in Zhabei，crossing Shanghai-Nanjing railway，stretching towards northwest along Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo railway，passing through Taibang and Xujiazhai，across Wusong River，then，passing through Licong Jing，Lincoln Road and Daxi Road，in front of Guanghua University，to Hejiajiao，passing through Hongqiao Road，then Jinbi Villa，Zhoujiazhai，Aijiazhai，crossing Puzhao River，crossing the railway between Xiaozha and Zhoujiazhai，then Xiedou Road，Qiaojiazhai，Shisiwan，Tianyaoqiao Road and finally to Longhua Temple.It is 13 kilometers long and 27 meters wide.” See Public Works Bureau of Shanghai Special Municipality eds.，Report on the Business of Public Works Bureau of Shanghai Special Municipality，Vol.2/3 of 1928，1929，pp.47-48.
[40]“Yesterday ’s Commencement Ceremony of Zhongshan Road” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，March 27，1928，ed.14，p.4；“Official Commencement of Zhongshan Road Today” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，April 18，1928，ed.14，p.4；“Construction Situation of Zhongshan Road” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，March 6，1930，ed.14，p.4；“Completion of Bridge Project of Zhongshan Road” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，July 12，1930，ed.15，p.4.
[41]“Grand Commencement Ceremony of Zhongshan Road” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，March 29，1928，ed.19，p.1.
[42]Shanghai Central Area Construction Committee，eds.，Business Report of Shanghai Central Area Construction Committee ［In Chinese］，Vol.2，July 1930 to December 1933，p.53.
[43]Christian Henriot，Shanghai 1927-1937: Élites locales et modernisation dans la Chine nationaliste，p.129.
[44]“Preparations for the Funeral of Dr.Sun Yat-sen ’s Death” ［In Chinese］，Republican Daily News，May 12，1929，ed.4，p.2.
[45]Shanghai News，eds.，Research Materials of Shanghai ［In Chinese］，Shanghai Bookstore，1984，pp.373-374；Chronicles Compilation Committee of Baoshan District，Chronicles of Banshan ［In Chinese］，Shanghai People ’s Publishing House，1992，p.923；Xiong Yuezhi，eds.，Rare Series of Historical Records of Shanghai ［In Chinese］，Vol.7，Shanghai Bookstore Press，2012，pp.606-607；“Jiangwan Premier Monument Completed，Tomorrow the Completion Ceremony Is to Be Held”［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，October 9，1929，ed.13，p.4.
[46]“Bronze Statue of Sun Yat-sen in Shanghai to Be Placed in Urban Area” ［In Chinese］，Central Daily News，February 9，1933，ed.3，p.1.
[47]Chen Yunqian，Worship and Memory［In Chinese］，p.450.
[48]Document of the Public Works Bureau of Shanghai on the Bronze Statue of Sun Yat-sen （May 1930 to October 1934） ［In Chinese］，Collected by Shanghai Archives，Archives of the Public Works Bureau of Shanghai during the Republic of China，Q215/1/8170.
[49]“Opening Ceremony of the Bronze Statue at the Anniversary of Sun Yat-sen ’s Birth Yesterday” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，November 13，1933，ed.9，p3.
[50]Ma Boying，History of Chinese Medical Culture （Volume Ⅱ） ［In Chinese］，Shanghai People ’s Publishing House，2010，p.508.
[51]“Grand Occasion of Three Medical Undertakings Yesterday（Continued）” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，April 3，1937，ed.14，p.4.
[52]“Grand Occasion of Three Medical Undertakings Yesterday” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，April 2，1937，ed.14，p.4.
[53]“Grand Occasion of Three Medical Undertakings Yesterday（Continued）” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，April 3，1937，ed.14，p.4.
[54]Document of the Public Works Bureau of Shanghai on Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital and Zhongshan Hospital［In Chinese］ （August 1935 to February 1937），Collected by Shanghai Archives，Archives of the Public Works Bureau of Shanghai during the Republic of China，Q215/1/8358.
[55]“Decision on Holding the Annual Meeting of Chinese Medical Association on April 1” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，March 22，1937，ed.12，p.3.
[56]Editorial Committee of the Health Work Series in Shanghai，eds.，Health in Shanghai from 1949 to 1983 ［In Chinese］，Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers，1986，PP.705-706.
[57]After the death of Sun Yat-sen on March 12，1925，the Kuomintang established a series of commemoration days，such as the birthday，the death day，the memorial day，the suffering day and the inauguration day according to the major events of Sun Yat-sen ’s birth，death and experience，as well as festivals such as premier ’s memorial week，tree planting day，and the national day，making Sun Yat-sen the “historical figure with the most time symbols” in modern China.See Chen Yunqian： “‘Premier ’s Commemorative Week’ at the Temporal and Ceremonial Dimensions’” ［In Chinese］，Open Times，Vol.4，2005，p.64.
[58]Chen Yunqian，Worship and Memory［In Chinese］，p.505.
[59]Xiong Yuezhi，eds.，Rare Series of Historical Records of Shanghai ［In Chinese］，Vol.7，p.607.
[60]Document of Shanghai Special Municipal Government under the Japanese Puppet Regime on the Funeral Monument of Dr.Sun Yat-sen ［In Chinese］ （February 21 to April 21，1941），Collected by Shanghai Archives，Archives of Shanghai Special Municipal Government under the Japanese Puppet Regime，R1/18/1556.
[61]“Bronze Statue of Sun Yat-sen in the Urban Area of Shanghai Insulted by Japanese Aggressors”［In Chinese］ （Photo），Abstract，Vol.16，1938；Chronicle Compilation Committee of Yangpu District，Chronicle of Yangpu District［In Chinese］，Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Press，1995，p.1054.
[62]List of the Preparatory Committee for the Construction of Bronze Statue of Sun Yat-sen in Shanghai Special Municipality under the Japanese Puppet Regime （May 1941） ［In Chinese］，Collected by Shanghai Archives，Archives of the Preparatory Committee for the Construction of Bronze Statue of Sun Yat-sen in Shanghai Special Municipality under the Japanese Puppet Regime，R7/1/1/15.
[63]Letter of the Guidance Department of Youth League in Shanghai Special Municipality under the Japanese Puppet Regime and its Headquarters on Fundraising for Reconstructing the Bronze Statue of Sun Yat-sen （Attached with the Donation Booklet of Youth League in Each Town Affiliated to Its Headquarters） ［In Chinese］ （June 1941），Collected by Shanghai Archives，Archives of the Guidance Department of Youth League in Shanghai Special Municipality under the Japanese Puppet Regime，R20/1/27；Notice of Huxi District Office on the Construction of the Bronze Statue of Sun Yat-sen ［In Chinese］ （August 1941），Collected by Shanghai Archives，Archives of Huxi District Office of Shanghai Special Municipality under the Japanese Puppet Regime，R18/1/704/5；Letter of the Education Bureau of Shanghai Special Municipality on Resumption of Fundraising for the Bronze Statue of Sun Yat-sen ［In Chinese］ （July 1942），Collected by Shanghai Archives，Archives of the Education Bureau of Shanghai Special Municipality under the Japanese Puppet Regime，R48/1/983/6；Document of Shanghai Special Municipality under the Japanese Puppet Regime on Fundraising for Constructing the Bronze Statue of Sun Yat-sen and Other Projects （In Chinese） （November 1941），Collected by Shanghai Archives，Archives of the Health Bureau of Shanghai Special Municipality under the Japanese Puppet Regime，R50/1/1297/1.
[64]List of Donations Received by the Preparatory Committee for the Construction of Bronze Statue of Sun Yat-sen in Shanghai Special Municipality under the Japanese Puppet Regime ［In Chinese］ （August 5，1941 to January 12，1943），Collected by Shanghai Archives，Archives of the Preparatory Committee for the Construction of Bronze Statue of Sun Yat-sen in Shanghai Special Municipality under the Japanese Puppet Regime，R7/1/5.
[65]Shanghai Liaison Department of Secret Services，formerly known as Shanghai Advisory Department of Special Services of the Japanese army，was renamed on November 20，1940，with one or more liaison officers set up respectively in municipal departments such as the Financial Bureau，the Society Bureau，the Public Bureau，the Education Bureau，the Land Bureau，Police Station as well as public offices in various districts，in order to control the Shanghai special municipal government under Wang puppet.Document of the Agency of Secret Services in Shanghai on Replacing the Advisory Department with the Liaison Department to Link with Shanghai Municipal Government［In Chinese］ （November 1940），Shanghai Archives，eds.，Shanghai Municipal Government under the Japanese Puppet Regime ［In Chinese］，Archives Publishing House，1986，pp.224-226；Takatsuna Hirofumi，Wartime Shanghai 1937-1945，trans.Chen Zu ’en，Shanghai Far East Publishers，2016，pp.67-69.
[66]Hu Zewu，“Recall on Events before and after the Wang Puppet Regime” ［In Chinese］，in Committee of Shanghai CPPCC Cultural and Historical Materials，eds.，Collection of Cultural and Historical Materials of Shanghai ［In Chinese］，Vol.3 （Historical Materials of Anti-Japanese War），Shanghai Classics Publishing House，2001，pp.306-307.
[67]For example，Beijing，Taiyuan （Shanxi），Kaifeng （Henan），and Xiamen （Fujian）.See Liu Yifeng，“Vicissitudes of Zhongshan Park in Beijing” ［In Chinese］，in Research Committee of Cultural and Historical Materials of the National Committee of the Chinese People ’s Political Consultative Conference，eds.，Selected Cultural and Historical Materials，Vol.2，March 1986，p.124；Xiong Bolyu and Jing Hongjun，Records of Scenic Spots and Historical Sites in Kaifeng City ［In Chinese］，Henan People ’s Publishing House，1958，p.23；Zheng Jiaji，“Changes of Haizibian” ［In Chinese］，in Research Committee of Cultural and Historical Materials of the Taiyuan （Shanxi）Committee of the Chinese People ’s Political Consultative Conference，eds.，Cultural and Historical Materials of Taiyuan，Vol.5，December 1985，pp.156-157；Hong Buren and Fang Hongling，“Chronicles of Xiamen during the Anti-Japanese Period” ［In Chinese］，in Research Committee of Cultural and Historical Materials of the Xiamen （Fujian） Committee of the Chinese People ’s Political Consultative Conference，eds.，Cultural and Historical Materials of Xiamen ［In Chinese］，Vol.12 （for the 50th Anniversary of the Outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War），July 1987，p.125.
[68]“Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum during the Japanese Puppet Regime Period” ［In Chinese］，in Zhou Daochun，eds.，Journal of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum，Jiangsu People ’s Publishing House，1989，pp.309-310.
[69]“Notice of the Birth of Sun Yat-sen to the Public” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，November 12，1937，ed.8，p.2.
[70]“Nine-Power Treaty Conference to Be Held Tomorrow，Declaration to Be Announced by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，November 2，1937，ed.3，p.1.
[71]Chen Yunqian，Worship and Memory ［In Chinese］，pp.507-508.
[72]“Mourning for the Death of Sun Yat-sen（Ⅳ）” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，March 17，1925，ed.13 and 14，p.4.
[73]“Mourning for the Death of Sun Yat-sen” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，March 19，1925，ed.13 and 14，p.4.
[74]Qingpu Zhongshan Park was renamed from Qushui Garden in 1927 and was restored to its original name in 1980；Zhongshan Park was built in Huangdu Town，Jiading County in 1928；the founding time of Zhongshan Park in Chuansha Town，Chuansha County is unknown，while Zhongshan Park in Chongming Island was built in 1929，the last three of which were destroyed and abandoned during the Anti-Japanese War.See Shanghai Local Chronicle Office and Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Afforestation，eds.，Chronicle of Famous Gardens in Shanghai ［In Chinese］，Shanghai Pictorial Press，2007，pp.73-74；“Construction of Zhongshan Park in Huangdu” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，May 8，1928，ed.15，p.4；Compilation Committee of the Chronicle of Chuansha Town，Chronicle of Chuansha Town ［In Chinese］，Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Press，2008，p.530；Zhou Zhike，eds.，Chronicle of Chongming County ［In Chinese］，Shanghai People ’s Publishing House，1989，p.797.At that time，the above four parks were all under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province.
[75]In 1958，ten counties including Shanghai，Baoshan，Jiading，Songjiang，Chuansha，Nanhui，Fengxian，Jinshan，Qingpu and Chongming were successively assigned to Shanghai by Jiangsu Province.See the Compilation Committee of General Chronicle of Shanghai，General Chronicle of Shanghai ［In Chinese］，Vol.1，Shanghai People ’s Publishing House and Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Press，2005，p.404.In the previous note，four Zhongshan parks in Qingpu，Jiading，Chuansha and Chongming are all within the jurisdiction of Shanghai，which is easy to cause misunderstanding.
[76]Compilation Committee of the Chronicle of Changning District，eds.，Chronicle of Changning District［In Chinese］，Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Press，1999，p.264.
[77]“Renaming of Zhaofeng Park into Zhongshan Park” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，June 21，1944，ed.2，p.1.
[78]“Several Proposals Were Adopted by the KMT Headquarters of No.1 District at the Congress Held Yesterday” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，June 4，1945，ed.2，p.1.
[79]“Main Roads in Shanghai to Be Renamed Next Month” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，November 28，1945，ed.3，p.1.；“New Road Names to Be Implemented Next Month” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，November 29，1945，ed.3，p.1.
[80]“Foundation Laying Ceremony of the Bronze Statue of Sun Yat-sen” ［In Chinese］，Compilation Committee of the Yearbook of Shanghai Center of Local History，Yearbook of Shanghai（1946） ［In Chinese］，Zhonghua Book Company，1946，pp.35-36.
[81]Document of Shanghai Municipal Government on the Construction of the Bronze Statue of Sun Yat-sen ［In Chinese］ （May 1946 to March 1948），Collected by Shanghai Archives，Archives of Shanghai Municipal Government during the Republic of China，Q1/11/632.
[82]Document of the Public Works Bureau of Shanghai on Preparing the Construction of the Bronze Statue of Sun Yat-sen and Pushkin Monument and the Demolition of Memorial Tower［In Chinese］ （1947），Collected by Shanghai Archives，Archives of the Public Works Bureau of Shanghai during the Republic of China，Q215/1/3725.
[83]“Construction Plan of Zhongshan Hall Has Been Submitted for Review” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，November 20，1946，ed.6，p.2.
[84]James Cantlie，C.Sheridan Jones，Sun Yat Sen and the Awakening of China，New York，Chicago，Toronto，London and Edinburgh: Fleming H.Revell Company，1912.
[85]There were three concessions in Shanghai，namely the British concession，the American concession and the French concession.After 1863，when the British and American concessions merged，they became two.The concession area varied in different periods.See Xiong Yuezhi，Urban Life in Shanghai under the Interweaving of Different Cultures ［In Chinese］，Shanghai Lexicographic Publishing House，2008，p.3.
[86]Institute of History，Guangdong Academy of Social Sciences，etc.，eds.，Complete Works of Sun Yat-sen ［In Chinese］，Vol.9，Zhonghua Book Company，1986，pp.385-386.
[87]Complete Works of Sun Yat-sen ［In Chinese］，Vol.9，p.176，p.319.
[88]Document of the Public Works Bureau of Shanghai on Pudong Zhongshan Memorial Hall ［In Chinese］ （May to September，1931），Collected by Shanghai Archives，Archives of the Public Works Bureau of Shanghai during the Republic of China，Q215/1/8206.
[89]Letter of Decision on Affairs about the Urban Area of Shanghai Special Municipality ［In Chinese］，Collected by the Second Historical Achieves of China，Archives of the Ministry of Interior Affairs（Ⅰ），p.1612.Adapted from Wei Shu，Apocalypse of the Greater Shanghai Plan: Planning Change and Spatial Evolution of Urban Area in Modern Shanghai，p.52.
[90]“Grand Occasion of the Establishment of Shanghai Municipal Government Yesterday” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，July 8，1927，ed.13，p.4.
[91]“Grand Occasion of the Establishment of Shanghai Municipal Government Yesterday” ［In Chinese］，Shun Pao，July 8，1927，ed.13，p.4.