Constructing the Unity of Populism with the Identi...
The British scholar Angus Stewart tried to integrate the diversified ideological contents of populism with the identity of populist “situations”，so that the interpretation of populism can include all examples.He proposed that the unity of populism lies not in the unity of the demands of various populist movements，but in the identity of “situations” and in some ideal types of social relations.From the perspective of occurring situations，populism is a response to modernization and its problems，especially economic development and political authority.Specifically，such response of populism has originated from two aspects: the tension between the developed and the backward parts of the country；the tension between developed and developing countries.He argued that all populist phenomena have such duality，connecting both traditional and modern elements.However，he also proposed that such features of populism have different manifestations in different backgrounds.[21] Stewart unified different examples of populism from the identity of “situation”.The problem，however，is that his reasoning has also included socialism and conservatism.Rather，the so-called common characteristics of “populist”movements are actually characteristics of all modern political movements.[22]