The Value of Time
A
Know the true value of time;snatch,seize,and enjoy①,every moment of it.No idleness,no laziness,no procrastination; never put off②till tomorrow what you can do today.
—Philip Chesterfield
B
We cannot change Yesterday—that is quite clear.
Or begin on Tomorrow until it is here:
So all that remains③,both for you and for me,
Is to make each Today just as sweet as can be.
—Robert Browning
C
Dost thou love life?Then do not squander time for that is the stuff life is made of.
—Benjamin Franklin
snatch v攫取;抓住(=grab)
procrastination n拖延;耽搁
(procrastinate v)
Dost thou[古]=Do you
squander v浪费;挥霍
stuff n材料;东西
中译 珍惜时光
A
我们要知道时间的真正价值;去夺取、抓紧和珍惜每一刻时光。不可散漫,不能懒惰,不要拖延,决不要把今日可做之事推延到明天。
——菲利浦·切斯特菲尔德
B
我们改变不了昨天——此事显而易见,
在明天到来之前,亦不能把它提前:
因此,无论是对你还是对我,
都要把每个今天过得尽可能甘甜。
——罗伯特·勃朗宁
C
你热爱生命吗?那么别浪费时间,因为时间是构成生命的材料。
——本杰明·富兰克林
原来如此!
A段中的“never put off till tomorrow what you can do today”现已成为英谚,它告诫人们做事切勿留待明天,故也可译作“今日事,今日毕”。中国有首《明日歌》,很生动地表达了类似之意:“明日复明日,明日何其多!我生待明日,万事成蹉跎。……”
在英语中,同义的谚语也不少,例如:
One day is worth two tomorrows.(一个今日胜似两个明天。)
Procrastination is the thief of time.(拖延是时间的窃贼。)
B段是一首短诗。诗句押了尾韵(rhyme)。两对尾音clear和here,me和be相同,达到顺口入耳、增加美感的修辞效果。在英语中,不少的习语或谚语也是使用尾韵修辞法的。例如:
Man proposes,God disposes.(谋事在人,成事在天。)
Health is better than wealth.(健康比钱财宝贵。)
除韵律之外,诗体的另一要素为节奏。它使人朗读时,感到抑扬顿挫,铿锵悦耳,富有音乐感。英文往往是一词多音节,各音节有轻有重,就造成强弱的节奏了。勃朗宁的这一首短诗主要的节奏为:重—轻—轻—重—轻—轻。如:
We cannot change Yesterday—that is quite clear.
Or begin on Tomorrow until it is here.
此外,英诗也有头韵(alliteration),类似中文的“双声”,例如A段的snatch及seize两词都以s开头,辅音(声母)重叠。又如Many men,many minds(人多意见多)四词都重复m音。
增值英语
①snatch,seize and enjoy…
snatch及seize意为“把握”。其同义词为grasp。例如:
seize/snatchan opportunity(把握时机)
Young people should seizeevery opportunityto learn.年轻人应把握每个学习机会。
snatch及seize另有“抢夺”的意思:
He snatchedthe book from my hand.他从我手上夺过书本。
②no procrastination;never put off…
put off之意为“推延,延期”。其同义词为postpone。
例如:
The picnic has been put offuntil next week.旅行延期至下星期。
The chairman decided to postponethe meeting to another date.
主席决定把会议推迟至另一天。
近义词有delay及procrastinate,均有拖延的意思;
procrastinate只用作不及物动词。
If you delayyour work any further,you will not be able to finish it.你如果一再拖延工作,就不能完成它。
People tend to procrastinatewhen they are stuck with a difficult problem.人们被一项难题卡住时,就往往会拖延。
cancel则指“取消”:
The picnic is cancelledowing to the bad weather.因天气不好,野餐取消。
③So all that remains…is…
all that remainsis…“剩下来的只有…”(=all that is left is…)
All that remainsisto clean up the mess.现在所剩下的工作就是清理这些肮脏的东西。
All that is leftin the house are a few pieces of broken furniture.房子里剩下来的只有数件破烂家具。
注意 all+that-clause则指“所有,全部”:
All(that)I can say is that it was an accident.我只能说那是意外。
I have told you all(that)I know.我已告诉你我所知的一切。