On Books and Learning
A
Some books,like some persons,convey to us all that they will ever have to give at a single sitting.①Others hold our attention②profitably through two or three encounters…and the books to frequent,the books to be shipwrecked with,the great books into which rich and substantial lives have been distilled and packed—the Dialoguesof Plato,Montaigne's Essays,Boswell's Johnson,the Essays and Journals of Emerson—these are to be lived with and returned to….
—Stuart Pratt Sherman
B
Histories make men wise;poems witty;the mathematics subtle;③natural philosophy deep;moral grave;logic and rhetoric able to contend.
—Francis Bacon
C
To read without reflection is like eating without digesting.
—Edmund Burke
convey v传授 subtle adj精巧的;微妙的
at a sitting adv-phr一下子;一口气
natural philosophy n物理学
profitably adv有益地 moral n伦理(学)
frequent v时常光顾 grave adj严肃的
shipwreck v遭遇海难 rhetoric n修辞(学)
substantial adj充实的;大量的;结实的
contend v争辩(=argue) distill v从…提取精华
reflection n思考 witty adj机智的
中译 论书与学识
A
如同某些人一样,有些书一下子就把要传授给我们的东西完全展示出来。另一些书则要我们通读两三遍才能获益。……有一些书要我们不时地去阅读,也有一些则是轮船失事时也要带在身边的书,还有一些是从丰富而充实的人生中精炼出来的巨著——柏拉图的《语录》、蒙田的《随笔》、鲍斯威尔的《约翰逊传》和爱默生的小品和日志——这些书应与之共处一生,百读不厌。
——斯图亚特·普拉特·谢尔曼
B
读史使人贤明,读诗使人机智,数学使人精细,物理学使人深思熟虑,伦理学使人庄重严肃,逻辑和修辞使人善辩。
——弗朗西斯·培根
C
读而不思犹如食而不化。
——爱德蒙·伯克
原来如此!
在A段中,作者把书分成四种类型,阅读这些书时应采取不同的方式。有些书通俗浅显,其内容一览无遗;另一些则需通读数遍方能获益;还有一些要不时地反复阅读;最后一类为文学巨著,值得人们与之共处一生(甚至在危难时),终生学习。文中提到四位伟人,他们是:希腊哲学家柏拉图;法国散文家蒙田;苏格兰作家鲍斯威尔及美国诗人和散文家爱默生。
B段为培根名作Of Studies中的一段,该篇的起首段亦值得我们百读不厌。现抄录如下:
Studies serve for delight,for ornament,and for ability.Their chief use for delight,is in privateness and retiring;for ornament,is in discourse;and for ability,is in the judgement and disposition of business.
(读书足以怡情,足以传彩,足以长才。其怡情也,最见于独处幽居之时;其传彩也,最见于高谈阔论之中;其长才也,最见于处世判事之际。)
B段采用“对称”(parallelism)手法,各并列句都是make的宾语+宾语补足语,使意义鲜明,节奏匀称。
伯克在C段中运用明喻(simile)来阐明“只读书而不思考就宛如食而不化一般”的事理。孔子的名言“学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆”说的也是这个道理。
增值英语
①Some books…convey to us…at a single sitting
句式 at one sitting一下子,一次过(=at one go)
You have to take five subjects in the exam at one sittingto be qualified for a certificate.你需要在考试中一次过五科合格才能获取证书。
She finished reading two novels at one go.她一口气读完两本小说。
②Others hold our attention profitably.
这里hold指“保持着”,相当于keepour attention。相近的词语有draw/attract/seize/captivateattention或interest。
Strange shapes and colours can holdthe attention of small children and captivatetheir interest.奇怪的形状及颜色能吸引小孩的注意并引起他们的兴趣。
Thatnaughtyboyattractsotherpeople'sattentionby misbehaving.那顽童以劣行来引起别人注意。
③Histories make…mathematics subtle…
subtle(adj)有很多解释及用法,一般解“精巧的;微妙的;不易察觉的;隐晦的;狡猾的”。
Social attitudeshaveundergonesubtle(barelyvisible) changes.社会人士的态度已起了微妙的变化。
His words have subtle(underlying)meaning.他的话有隐晦的意义。
The researcher presented subtle(fine and detailed)analysis of the experiment.研究员对实验作出了精细的分析。
She has a subtle(intricate)mind and is a subtle(careful) observer.她思考精密,观察入微。
He is a subtle(cunning)politician.他是个狡猾的政客。
This food gives a subtle(fine)flavour that appeals to the subtle(sensitive)taste.这食物味道精美,它吸引了善于辨味的食客。