Happiness and Circumstances
A
Happinessinthisworld,whenitcomes,comes incidentally①.Make it the object of pursuit②,and it leads us on a wild-goose chase③,and is never attained.Follow some other object,and very possibly we may find that we have caught happiness without dreaming of it.
—Nathaniel Hawthorne
B
The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for circumstances④they want,and if they cannot find them,make them.
—Bernard Shaw
incidentally adv偶然地 object n目标
a wild-goose chase n-phr无益或无望的追逐(wild goose雁)
pursuit n追求 attain v达到(目的)
中译 幸福与机遇
A
在这个世界上,幸福总是不期而至的。倘若你把幸福当作目标来追求,那将是一场白费心机的追逐,永远不会成功。而当你在追求别的目标时,则很有可能抓住连做梦也没有想到的幸福。
——纳撒尼尔·霍桑
B
在这个世界上,成功之士是那些奋力去寻找他们想要的机遇的人们。倘若他们找不到机会,就会自己去创造机会。
——萧伯纳
原来如此!
在现代英语中,出现了不少动词片语(phrasal verbs)去替代一些源出于法语和拉丁语的单个动词。例如,用put off代替postpone,以keep up替代maintain,用come by代替obtain,以put down替代suppress等等。本篇B段就有三个:get on,get up,look for。这些动词片语的运用范围愈来愈广,使用频率也日益增高,在口语中尤其如此。这些片语中,最常用的动词全部是单音节动词,如break,bring,call,come,get,give,look,make,put,run,take等等。另一个现象就是动词片语常常从原来的字面意义引申出许多新的独立意义。例如,get up一般解作“站起来”或“起床”:
I get up early each morning.
The students get up to greet their teacher.
He asked me to get him up at seven.
但也有以下的意义:
She got herself up as a princess.(她打扮成公主。)
We are getting up a party to celebrate Christmas.(我们正在筹备庆祝会以庆祝圣诞。)
对于中国学生来说,掌握动词片语的引申义比较困难,但它们具有通俗简练、形象生动的特色。我们讲英语若要讲得地道,就要懂得运用这些具有现代生活气息的动词片语。
增值英语
①Happiness…comes incidentally
incidentally作“偶然地”或”不期而遇”解。
The explorers incidentallydiscovered some remnants of an ancient civilization.探险家意外地发现一些古文化的遗迹。
注意 incidentally常用来引出一些补充的话语,相当于by the way(顺便一提)。
This machine is environment-friendly.Incidentallyit also saves money.这台机器合乎环保,顺便一提,它也省钱。
②the object of pursuit
这里object指“意向,目标”,同义词包括target,purpose,attention等。
Many people regard money as their objectof pursuit.很多人把金钱视作他们的追寻目标。
His objectof interest is that sports car.他感兴趣的是那辆跑车。
His speech became the objectof attack.他的演讲词成为众矢之的。
③…a wild-goose chase
a wild-goose chase作“毫无用处的追寻”解。
The hacker who made an attack on the internet sent the investigators ona wild-goose chase.袭击互联网的“黑客”弄得调查人员白找一番。
表达“白费工夫”的常用形容词还有useless,fruitless,vain,futile等:
It isuseless/fruitlessto persuade him.要说服他是毫无用处的。
They made a vain/futileattemptto control air pollution.他们曾企图控制空气污染,但白费工夫。
还有wasted,in vain,a waste of effort等:
All your hard work has been wasted/is in vain.你所有的辛劳都是徒劳无功。
That person is incorrigible;giving him advice is a waste of
effort.那人不可救药,劝告他也是白费气力。
④and look for circumstances
circumstances通常用复数,原意是“情况”、“环境”(conditionsand situations),在本篇中作“机遇”(opportunity)解。例如:
Could you say something about the circumstancesthat led to the success of your adventure?你可否谈一下导致你们冒险成功的情况吗?
The explorers are forced to give up their plan underunfavourable circumstances.在不利的环境下,探险队被迫放弃计划。