[1]多年来我在研究中一直恪守这一承诺，所以读者会发现很多疾病都在本书中反复被提及了。这些都是棘手的绝症，是多疑的我进行探索的最佳场景。

[2]William B. Coley,“Contribution to the Knowledge of Sarcoma,”Annals of Surgery 14, no.3 (1891)：199–220, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1428624/?page=1.

[3]Carol Torgan,“Immune System Shaped by Environment More Than Genes,” National Institutes of Health, February 2, 2015, www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/immune-system-shaped-environment-more-genes.

[4]S.M. Rappaport, “Implications of the Exposome for Exposure Science,” Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology 21, (2011)：5–9.

[1]这个比喻的灵感来自1912年《爱荷华卫生公报》中发表的诗《护栏抑或救护车》。

[2]Robert Langreth, “Six Miracle Cancer Survivors,”Forbes, March 2009.

[3]“White Blood Cells Can Sprout ‘Legs’and Move Like Millipedes,”Science Daily, May 4, 2009, www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/05/090504094424.htm.

[4]Charles W. Schmidt, “Questions Persist： Environmental Factors in Autoimmune Disease,” Environmental Health Perspectives, June 2011.

[5]Marc Ian Barasch, “Remarkable Recoveries：Research and Practice from a Patient’s Perspective,”Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America 22, no. 4 (2008)： 755–766, www.academia.edu/20207816/Oncology_Hematology_Article.

[6]同上，756页。

[7]M. K. Bowers, C. Weinstock,“A Case of Healing in Malignancy,” American Academy of Psychoanalysis Journal 6, no. 3 (1978)：393–402. 也可以在思维科学研究院的数据库中找到：https://library.noetic.org/library/publication-bibliographies/spontaneous-remission, Appendix 2, 541–542.

[8]一个多世纪以前，西格蒙德·弗洛伊德将心理健康定义为爱与工作的能力，即在深层次上给予和接受爱的能力，以及在一段较长时间内有效工作的能力。丹尼尔的恢复体现在这两个领域的能力的突然改善。

[9]现在，科学家们终于开始关注正面情绪对免疫系统的影响。例如，詹妮弗·斯泰拉等人在两项独立的研究中发现，健康人的积极情绪与较低的促炎细胞因子水平有关 (J. E. Stellar, N. John-Henderson, C. L. Anderson, et al., “Positive Affect and Markers of Inflammation：Discrete Positive Emotions Predict Lower Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines,” Emotion 15, no. 2 (2015)：129–133, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25603133)。其他研究证实，细胞因子的水平与健康状况下降以及多种疾病（例如心脏病、2型糖尿病和自身免疫性疾病）有关。

[10]James McIntosh,“What Is Serotonin and What Does It Do？” Medical News Today, February 2, 2018, www.medicalnewstoday.com/kc/serotonin-facts-232248.

[11] Jessica M. Yano, Kristie Yu, Gregory P. Donaldson, et al., “Indigenous Bacteria from the Gut Microbiota Regulate Host Serotonin Biosynthesis,” Cell 161, no. 2 (2015)：264–276, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4393509/.

[12]Paul Enck, “Spore-Forming Bacteria Regulate Serotonin Biosynthesis in the Gut,” Gut Microbiota for Health, June 22, 2015, www.gutmicrobiotaforhealth.com/en/spore-forming-bacteria-regulate-serotonin-biosynthesis-in-the-gut/.

[13]Mary Longmore, Ian B. Wilkinson, et al., Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University Press, 2014:417.

[14]根据这一思路，细菌只是致病的一个因子，而非根本原因。在人体内外，我们时刻都被数百万细菌包围着。只有当免疫系统中的某些重要功能出问题的时候，这些细菌才会成为入侵者。

[15]这个故事和前面丹尼尔的故事很像。丹尼尔是重新感受到了曾祖母无条件的爱，并让这种爱长久地支持着他。

[16]H. Foster, “Lifestyle Changes and the ‘Spontaneous’ Regression of Cancer： An Initial Computer Analysis,” International Journal of Biosocial Medicine 10, no. 1 (1988)： 17–33.

[1]Emily Boller, Starved to Obesity：My Journey Out of Food Addiction and How You Can Escape It Too! Post Hill Press, 2019.

[2]从技术角度讲，2型糖尿病并非无法治愈，但难度很大，所以医生们一般认为患者不可能痊愈。

[3]Global Report on Diabetes (Geneva, Switzerland： World Health Organization, 2016）， https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/204871/9789241565257_eng.pdf;jsessionid=0F963002F4841769C455B12790BD8BDA?sequence=1.

[4]同上。全球糖尿病患病率自1980年以来几乎翻了一番，成人患病率从4.7%上升到8.5%。近年来患病率增幅又有提升，不仅成年人如此，儿童也是如此。肥胖率的上升被认为与糖尿病患病率的上升有重要关系。

[5]D. W. Nyamai, W. Arika, P. E. Ogola, et al., “Medicinally Important Phytochemicals：An Untapped Research Avenue,”Research and Reviews: Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 4, no. 1 (2016)：35–49, www.rroij.com/open-access/medicinally-important-phytochemicals-an-untapped-research-avenue-.php?aid=67696.

[6]Claire Haser, Living with Pancreatic Cancer, www.livingwithpancreaticcancer.com.

[7]B. Chassaing et al., “Dietary Emulsifiers Impact the Mouse Gut Microbiota Promoting Colitis and Metabolic Syndrome,” Nature, March 2015.

[8]T. Colin Campbell, “Nutrition, Politics, and the Destruction of Scientific Integrity,” T. Colin Campbell Center for Nutrition Studies, August 16, 2016.

[9]T. Colin Campbell, The China Study, BenBella Books, 2017.

[10]Campbell Appleton, “Effect of High and Low Dietary Protein on the Dosing and Postdosing Periods of Aflatoxin B1-Induced Hepatic Preneoplastic Lesion Development in the Rat,” Cancer Research 43, no. 5 (1983)： 2150–2154.

[11]Banoo Parpia, Cornell-China-Oxford Project videocast, Cornell University. www.cornell.edu/video/playlist/the-china-project-studying-the-link-between-diet-and-disease.

[12]200年前，在19世纪初，糖类主要是富人的食物，美国人均每年消耗约2磅（0.9千克）糖，仅占热量摄入的不到1%。在过去两个世纪中，这个数字一直在稳定增长，美国普通人每年消费大约152磅（68.9千克）糖。每个饮食西化的国家都面临这一趋势，在西方饮食更为流行的大型城市中更是如此。糖的大量消费让“平衡摄入”这个概念都没有多少参考意义了，因为所谓的“正常摄入量”本身都发生了偏差。新罕布什尔州卫生与公共服务部，www.dhhs.nh.gov/dphs/nhp/documents/sugar.pdf

[13]Lily Sanborn, “Sugar Cravings: Evolution, Addiction, or Both? ,” Frontiers:Washington University Review of Health, April 20, 2015.

[14]“2019：The Year for Nutrition,”Lancet 393, no. 10168 (2019)：200, www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(19)30080-7/fulltext?utm_campaign=tleat19&utm_source=HubPage.

[15]我曾应一位朋友邀请去希腊某个小岛度假，在那里见识到美食和社区联结的力量。在那里，人们晚上在外面坐上好几个小时，吃着营养丰富，以蔬菜、鱼类和葡萄酒为代表的地中海食物，开心地交谈。而在雅典这样的大城市，人们涌向快餐店，并认为这样做“很酷”。公共卫生灾难在暗中蔓延，心脏病、糖尿病、癌症、肥胖症和其他疾病的发生率不是在升高，而是在飞速上升。

[1]“The Top 10 Causes of Death,”World Health Organization, May 24, 2018, www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/.

[2]B. A. Glenn, C. M. Crespi, H. P. Rodriguez, et al., “Behavioral and Mental Health Risk Factor Profiles Among Diverse Primary Care Patients,”Preventative Medicine S0091-7435(17)30495-4, December 22, 2017, doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.12.009. B. Bortolato, T. N. Hyphantis, S. Valpione, G. Perini, M. Maes, et al.,“Depression in Cancer：The Many Biobehavioral Pathways Driving Tumor Progression,”Cancer Treatment Reviews 52, January 2017, 58–70, doi：10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.11.004.

[3]Noha Ahmed Nasef, Sunali Mehta, Lynnette R. Ferguson, “Susceptibility to Chronic Inflammation： An Update,” Archives of Toxicology 91, no. 3 (2017)：1131–1141.

[4]同上，1131页。

[5]很多人认为，血液中的高水平脂肪会导致胆固醇黏附在动脉壁上，进而导致动脉粥样硬化。但现在我们知道这是一种误解，在内皮没有损伤的前提下，斑块不会发生。Robert P. Hoffman, “Hyperglycemic Endothelial Dysfunction： Does It Happen and Does It Matter？” Journal of Thoracic Disease 7, no. 10 (2015)： 1693–1695. E. P. Weiss, H. Arif, D. T. Villareal, et al., “Endothelial Function After High-Sugar-Food Ingestion Improves with Endurance Exercise Performed on the Previous Day,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 88, no. 1 (2008)：51–57.

[6]Nasef, Mehta, Ferguson,“Susceptibility to Chronic Inflammation.” Terrence Deak, Anastacia Kudinova, Dennis F. Lovelock, et al., “Neuroimmune Mechanisms of Stress Across Species,” Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience 19, no. 1 (2017). Ruth A. Hackett, Andrew Steptoe, “Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Psychological Stress—A Modifiable Risk Factor,” Nature Reviews:Endocrinology 13, no. 9 (2017)：547–560. Petra H. Wirtz, Roland von Känel, “Psychological Stress, Inflammation, and Coronary Heart Disease,”Current Cardiology Reports, September 20, 2017, 111.

[7]“Autoimmune Disease List,” American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association, www.aarda.org/diseaselist/.

[8]F. G. Hage, “C-reactive protein and hypertension,”J Hum Hypertens 28, no. 7, (2014)： 410–415.

[9]Amit Kumar Shrivatava, Harsh Vardhan Singh, Arun Raizada, Sanjeev, et al., “C-reactive protein, inflammation and coronary heart disease,”The Egyptian Heart Journal Review 67, no. 2 (2015)：89–97.

[10]J. Watson, A. Round, W. Hamilton,“Raised inflammatory markers,” BMJ 344, no. 454 (2012).

[11]A. Nerurkar, A. Bitton, R. B. Davis, et al., “When Physicians Counsel About Stress： Results of a National Study,”JAMA Internal Medicine 173, no. 1 (2013)：76–77.

[12]P. H. Wirtz, R. von Känel, “Psychological Stress, Inflammation, and Coronary Heart Disease,”Current Cardiology Reports, September 20, 2017, 111.

[13]Ljudmila Stojanovich, “Stress and Autoimmunity,”Autoimmunity Reviews 9, no. 5 (2010)：A271–A276.

[14]L. Stoianovich, D. Marisavlievich, “Stress as a trigger of autoimmune disease,”Autoimmune Review 7, no. 3, (2008).

[15]“How Stress Influences Disease：Study Reveals Inflammation as the Culprit,”Science Daily, April 2, 2012, www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120402162546.htm.

[16]Nicole D. Powell, Erica K. Sloan, Michael T. Bailey, et al., “Social Stress Up-Regulates Inflammatory Gene Expression in the Leukocyte Transcriptome via β-Adrenergic Induction of Myelopoiesis,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110, no. 41 (2013)：16574–16579.

[17]M.Østensen, L.Fuhrer, R.Mathieu, et al., “A Prospective Study of Pregnant Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis Using Validated Clinical Instruments,”Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 63, no. 10 (2004)：1212–1217.

[18]Jose U. Scher, Andrew Sczesnak, Randy S. Longman, et al.,“Expansion of Intestinal Prevotella copri Correlates with Enhanced Susceptibility to Arthritis,”eLife, November 2013.

[19]S. Dimitrov, E. Hulteng, S. Hong, “Inflammation and Exercise：Inhibition of Monocytic Intracellular TNF Production by Acute Exercise via β2-Adrenergic Activation,”Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 61, March 2017, 60–68, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28011264.

[1]Theodore M. Brown, Elizabeth Fee,“Walter Bradford Cannon：Pioneer Physiologist of Human Emotions,”American Journal of Public Health, October 2002.

[2]Walter B. Cannon, The Way of an Investigator, W. W. Norton, 1945.

[3]H. Benson, J. A. Herd, W. H. Morse, et al., “Behavioral Induction of Arterial Hypertension and Its Reversal,”American Journal of Psychology 271, no. 1 (1969)：30–34.

[4]Anne Harrington, The Cure Within: A History of Mind-Body Medicine (New York： W. W. Norton, 2008).

[5]S. W. Lazar, C. E. Kerr, R. H. Wasserman, et al.,“Meditation experience is associated with increased cortical thickness,”Neuroreport. 2005; 16(17)：1893–97. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1361002/.

[6]Rachael Donalds, “Digital” Determinants of Health, TEDx New Bedford, February 23, 2018. https://youtu.be/89CjV6tqIAM.

[7]Sian Yong Tan, Yvonne Tatsumura, “Alexander Fleming： Discoverer of Penicillin,” Singapore Medical Journal, July 2015.

[8]E. S. Epel, J. Daubenmier, J. T. Moskowitz, et al., “Can Meditation Slow Rate of Cellular Aging？ Cognitive Stress, Mindfulness, and Telomeres,” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1172, August 2009, 34–53.

[9]E. S. Epel, E. H. Blackburn, J. Lin, et al., “Accelerated Telomere Shortening in Response to Life Stress,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101, no. 49 (2004)： 17312–17315.

[1]“The Inflammatory Reflex： A New Understanding of Immunology,” SetPoint Medical, https://setpointmedical.com/science/inflammatory-reflex/.

[2]Barbara L. Fredrickson, Michael A. Cohn, Kimberly A. Coffey, et al., “Open Hearts Build Lives： Positive Emotions, Induced Through Loving-Kindness Meditation, Build Consequential Personal Resources,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 95, no. 5 (2008)： 1045–1062, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3156028/.

[3]Barbara Fredrickson, Love 2.0:Finding Happiness and Health in Moments of Connection, Hudson Street Press, 2013.

[4]Bethany Kok, Barbara Fredrickson, “Upward Spirals of the Heart： Autonomic Flexibility, as Indexed by Vagal Tone, Reciprocally and Prospectively Predicts Positive Emotions and Social Connectedness,” Biological Psychology 85, no. 3 (2010)： 432–436.

[5]Nicole K. Valtorta, Mona Kanaan, Simon Gilbody, et al., “Loneliness and Social Isolation as Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke,”Heart 102, no. 13 (2016)：1009–1016, https://heart.bmj.com/content/102/13/1009.

[6]Julianne Holt-Lunstad, Timothy B. Smith, Mark Baker, et al., Stephenson, “Loneliness and Social Isolation as Risk Factors for Mortality： A Meta-Analytic Review,” Perspectives on Psychological Science 10, no. 2 (2015)： 227–237. 又见：“Loneliness Has Same Risk as Smoking for Heart Disease,” Harvard Health Publishing, June 2016, www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/loneliness-has-same-risk-as-smoking-for-heart-disease.

[7]Jane E. Brody, “The Surprising Effects of Loneliness on Health,” New York Times, December 11, 2017, www.nytimes.com/2017/12/11/well/mind/how-loneliness-affects-our-health.html. N. J. Donovan, O. I. Okereke, P. Vannini, et al., “Association of Higher Cortical Amyloid Burden with Loneliness in Cognitively Normal Older Adults,” JAMA Psychiatry 73, no. 12 (2016)： 1230–1237. doi：10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.2657.

[8]Tim Adams,“John Cacioppo：‘Loneliness Is Like an Iceberg—It Goes Deeper Than We Can See,’”Guardian, February 28, 2016, www.theguardian.com/science/2016/feb/28/loneliness-is-like-an-iceberg-john-cacioppo-social-neuroscience-interview.

[9]Karin Brulliard,“A Woman’s Dog Died, and Doctors Say It Literally Broke Her Heart,”Washington Post, October 19, 2017, www.washingtonpost.com/news/animalia/wp/2017/10/19/a-womans-dog-died-and-doctors-say-her-heart-literally-broke/.

[10]Abhishek Maiti, Abhijeet Dhoble, “Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy,” New England Journal of Medicine 377, October 2017, e24, www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMicm1615835.

[11]Neeta Mehta, “Mind-Body Dualism： A Critique from a Health Perspective,” Mens Sana Monographs 9, no. 1 (2011)： 202–209, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3115289/.

[1]Everett L. Worthington Jr., Michael Scherer,“Forgiveness Is an Emotion-Focused Coping Strategy That Can Reduce Health Risks and Promote Health Resilience：Theory, Review, and Hypotheses,”Psychology and Health 19, no. 3 (2004)：385–405, www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0887044042000196674.

[1]Robert Langreth, “Six Miracle Cancer Survivors,” Forbes, March 2009. www.forbes.com/2009/02/11/cancer-cure-experimental-lifestyle-health_0212cancer.html#140bd28d6277.

[2]S. M. Vaziri-Bozorg, A. R. Ghasemi-Esfe, O. Khalilzadeh, et al., “Antidepressant Effects of Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Stimulation on Major Depressive Disorder： A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial,” Brain Imaging Behavior 6, no. 1 (2012)： 70–76, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22069111.

[3]William J. Cromie, “Depressed get a lift from MRI,” The Harvard Gazette, January 22, 2004. https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2004/01/depressed-get-a-lift-from-mri/.

[1]Faruk Tas, “Metastatic Behavior in Melanoma：Timing, Pattern, Survival, and Influencing Factors,”Journal of Oncology, Volume 2012, Article ID 647684, http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/647684.

[2]K. A. Katz, E. Jonasch, F. S. Hodi, et al., “Melanoma of unknown primary： experience at Massachusetts general hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute,” Melanoma Research, vol. 15, no. 1, (2005)： 77–82.

[3]G. Vijuk, A. S. Coates, “Survival of patients with visceral metastatic melanoma from an occult primary lesion： a retrospective matched cohort study,” Annals of Oncology, vol. 9, no. 4, (1998)： 419–422.

[4]Michael Pollan, How to Change Your Mind, Penguin, 2018: 301.

[5]“Dr. Vincent Felitti： Reflections on the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study,” YouTube video, 32：33, posted by National Congress of American Indians, June 23, 2016, www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ns8ko9-ljU.

[1]Harry McGurk, John MacDonald, “Hearing Lips and Seeing Voices,” Nature 264, no. 5588 (1976)： 746–748, www.nature.com/articles/264746a0.

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[1]Lulu Wang. This American Life,“In Defense of Ignorance,”Act One. Chicago Public Media, April 22, 2016.

[2]Bernard Crettaz, Cafés Mortels:Sortir la Mort du Silence, Labor et Fides, 2010.

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[1]D. Spiegel, J. R. Bloom, H. C. Kraemer, et al., “Effect of Psychosocial Treatment on Survival of Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer,” Lancet 2, no. 8668 (1989)： 888–891, www .ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2571815.

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[3]A. J. Cunningham, C. V. Edmonds, C. Phillips, et al., “A Prospective, Longitudinal Study of the Relationship of Psychological Work to Duration of Survival in Patients with Metastatic Cancer,” Psycho-Oncology 9, no. 4 (2000)：323–339, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10960930.

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[7]Julia Belluz, “America’s most famous back pain doctor said pain is in your head. Thousands think he’s right.”Vox, July 23, 2018. www.vox.com/science-and-health/2017/10/2/16338094/dr-john-sarno-healing-back-pain.

[8]A. J. Burger, M. A. Lumley, J. N. Carty, et al., “The effects of a novel psychological attribution and emotional awareness and expression therapy for chronic musculoskeletal pain：A preliminary, uncontrolled trial.” Journal of Psychosomatic Research 81 (February 2016)：1–8. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26800632.

[1]Peter H. Diamandis, Steven Kotler, Abundance:The Future Is Better Than You Think, Free Press, 2012.

[2]Rachael Donalds,“Digital Determinants of Health,”filmed in New Bedford, CT. TEDx video, www.youtube.com/watch?v=89CjV6tqIAM.