2.1.3 Summary of the researches to authorial stanc...
Section 2.1 reviews the previous studies of three semantic categories of authorial stance:AAS,EAS and both.Apart from affect and evidentiality,the other relevant concepts such as stance,metadiscourse,modality,appraisal and evaluation all concern both AAS and EAS.However,the previous researches are comparatively more static,i.e.,mainly on what the author has said and done,and lay less emphasis on the interaction between authors and readers,especially the expectations of the readers.
Authorial stance in this dissertation comprises the AAS and EAS expressed by the authors in the author-reader interaction.Accordingly if the author is to satisfy his/her own needs,he/she must meet the audiences’needs too.A successful discourse might include details of what the author does next or some characterisation.Whenever the readers read a text,they will set up some expectations in mind.Those expectations shape their interpretation of what comes next,which will be either fulfilled or countered.
CMs are typical signals to express the authors’personal arrangement of the text and hence the reader’s expectations.Section 2.2 will discuss the previous research approaches of CMs.