Useful Words,Expressions and Sentences
Words and Expressions
1.四大发明 Four ancient inventions
2.造纸术 Paper making
3.手工造纸 Manual papermaking
4.工业造纸 Industrial papermaking
5.木浆 wood pulp
6.龟甲 tortoise shell
7.竹简 bamboo slip
8.大麻纤维 hemp fiber
9.学富五车 be wealthy in knowledge/ be a universal genius
10.火药 gunpowder
11.炼丹术 alchemy
12.炼丹家 alchemist
13.仙丹 elixir of life
14.长生不老药 elixir of immortality
15.硫黄 sulphur
16.硝石 saltpeter
17.木炭 charcoal
18.火箭弹fire-arrows shot
19.射箭 fire-arrows shot
20.爆竹 firecracker
21.火器 firearms
22.名字印章 engraved name seals
23.活字印刷术 moveable-type printing
24.排字 typesetting
25.雕版印刷术 woodblock printing
26.印刷机 printing press
27.电子打印机 digital printer
28.圆筒印章 cylinder seal
29.简写 logograms
30.双面 double-page sheets
31.字母冲模 letter punch
32.指南针 compass
33.磁石 magnet
34.磁子午线 magnetic meridian
35.磁极 magnetic pole
36.轴枢点 pivot point
37.地理南/北极 geographical south/north pole
38.旋转轴 rotation axis
39.地磁偏角 magnetic declination
40.磁针 magnetic needle
41.中医 Traditional Chinese Medicine
42.诊断方法 diagnostic method
43.处方 prescription
44.四诊法 four methods of diagnosis
45.观察 observation
46.听诊 auscultation
47.嗅觉 olfaction
48.审问 interrogation
49.脉诊 pulse taking
50.触诊 palpation
Sentences
1.四大发明是指中国古代对世界有巨大影响的四种发明，即造纸术、印刷术、 火药和指南针。
The Four Great Inventions refer to the four inventions in ancient China that had great influences on the world.They are papermaking,printing,gunpowder and compass.
2.四大发明是中国古代的发明，因其历史意义和象征中国古代先进科学技术而在中国文化中享有盛誉。
The Four Great Inventions are inventions from ancient China that are celebrated in Chinese culture for their historical significance and as symbols of ancient China’s advanced science and technology.
3.马克思评论三大发明的重要性时说道：“火药把骑士阶层炸得粉碎，指南针打开了世界市场并建立了殖民地，而印刷术则变成了新教的工具，总的来说变成了科学复兴的手段，变成对精神发展创造必要前提的最强大的杠杆。”
Karl Marx commented on the importance of gunpowder,the compass and printing,“Gunpowder blew up the knightly class,the compass discovered the world market and founded the colonies,and the printing press was the instrument of Protestantism and the regeneration of science in general; the most powerful lever for creating the intellectual prerequisites.”
4.造纸术和印刷术使信息的记录和传播有了革命性的进步；火药的发明和传播改变了中世纪的战争模式；而指南针大大帮助了欧洲航海家探索新航路。
Papermaking and printing lead to revolutionary progress in recording and transmitting information.The invention and spread of gunpowder changed the mode of war in the Middle Ages.And the compass greatly helped the European navigators to explore new routes.
5.传统上，造纸术可以追溯到中国公元105年，汉朝（公元前202至公元220年）官员蔡伦用桑树、韧皮纤维、渔网、破布以及大麻废料制作了一张纸。
Papermaking has traditionally been traced back to China about 105 A.D.,when Cai Lun,an official attached to the Imperial court during the Han Dynasty (202 B.C.—220 A.D.),created a sheet of paper using mulberry and other bast fibres along with fishnets,old rags,and hemp waste.
6.在中国，火药的意思是“燃烧的药品”。
In Chinese,gunpowder is called huoyao,meaning flaming medicine.
7.火药是硫黄、硝石和木炭的混合物。
Gunpowder was a mixture of sulphur,saltpeter,and charcoal.
8.由于火药兵器的出现和应用，中国古代兵器的发展由此从冷兵器时代进入了火器和冷兵器并用时代。
Since the emergence and application of gunpowder weapons,the development of ancient Chinese weapons has entered the age of firearms and cold weapons from the cold weapon age.
9.北宋年间的毕昇（970—1051）首创了活字印刷，极大促进了印刷术的发展，他因此也被誉为印刷术之父。
Bi Sheng（970—1051）first invented type printing in the Song Dynasty,greatly promoting the development of the printing technique,for which he was known as the father of typography.
10.中国的活字印刷术先向东传到了朝鲜、日本，接着向西传到波斯、埃及，最后传遍了全世界。
China’s movable-type printing first spread eastward into Korea and Japan,and then westward into Persia and Egypt,and,at last,around the world.
11.活字印刷术对于数目极少的符号文字如欧洲字母语言更加实用。
Movable-type printing was more practical with languages that have a very limited number of symbols,such as the letters used in European alphabetic languages.
12.公元前2世纪到公元1世纪，中国汉代发明了一个石质罗盘，称之为司南。 但它一开始并不是用于导航，而是用于风水和算命。
A lodestone compass was used in China during the Han Dynasty between the 2nd century B.C.and 1st century A.D.,where it was called the“south-governor”.It was not used for navigation,but rather for geomancy and fortune-telling.
13.在中国历史上，指南针一直都是以漂浮在一碗水中的磁针形式呈现。据李约瑟称，宋朝和元代以后的中国人确实使用了干式罗盘，尽管这种类型的罗盘在中国从未像湿式罗盘那样广泛使用。
For most of Chinese history,the compass that remained in use was in the form of a magnetic needle floating in a bowl of water.According to Needham,the Chinese in the Song Dynasty and continuing Yuan Dynasty did make use of a dry compass,although this type never became as widely used in China as the wet compass.
14.指南针的发明是我国古代劳动人民长期实践中认识到物体的磁性的结果。由于生产劳动，人们已经发现了磁铁的指出方向的特点。通过试验和在许多方面的研究，发明了指南针。
The invention of the compass is the result of ancient Chinese people’s knowledge to the magnetism of objects in their way of life and production.Because of production people have found the characteristic of the magnet pointing to direction and then invented the Compass at last in the course of experiments and researches.
15.中医医师可以不借助辅助设备，仅靠生理检查治愈无数病人，这真是个奇迹。
It is a wonder that Chinese doctors could cure countless patients without any apparatus but only through a physical examination.
16.四种方法诊断病情包括望、闻、问、切和触诊。
The four methods of diagnosis consist of observation,auscultation and olfaction,interrogation,pulse taking and palpation.
17.切脉包括脉诊和切脉两个部分。
Palpation consists of two parts: feeling the pulse and taking the pulse.
18.“望”是指医生可以直接观察病人的外观，以了解病人的病情。
Observation indicates that doctors directly watch the outward appearance to know a patient’s condition.
19.“闻”是指医生通过听到声音和闻到气味来收集信息的一种方法。
Auscultation and olfaction is a way for doctors to collect messages through hearing the sound and smelling the odor.
20.“问”是指医生询问病人及其亲属。
Interrogation suggests that doctors question the patient and his relatives.
21.采取“切和触诊”是指医生注意病人桡动脉的脉搏状况。
The taking of the pulse and palpation refers that doctors note the pulse condition of patients on the radial artery.
22.清阳为天，浊阴为地。
The lucid yang ascends to form the sky and the turbid yin descends to constitute the earth.
23.人有五脏化五气，以生喜怒思忧愁。
In the human body,the five zang-organs generate five kinds of visceral qi and five emotional changes.
24.中草药具有寒、热、温、凉四种不同的药性（即四性）和酸、苦、甘、辛、咸五种不同的味道（即五味）。
The Chinese medicinal herbs are characterized by four properties( cold,heat,warm and cool) and five tastes( sour,bitter,sweet,acrid or pungent-spicy and salty).
25.风为百病之长，易夹杂其他外感之邪。
Wind tends to be complicated by other pathogenic factors.