人名与主题索引

人名与主题索引

Abelard,Peter,78,79,229—30;Sic et Non,20,50

Aberdeen,university of,76,156—7,191n.2,193

Accursius,Bolognese jurist,61

Aix-en-Provence,university of,119,178,182

Albornoz,Gil,Cardinal,151

Alcalá,university of,157,185

Al Dschaafar,Viaticus,41

Alexander Ⅳ,pope,24n.4,27,28,34 n.2,94;ineptitude of,92—3;Quasi lignum vitae,92

Alfonso Ⅹ(the Wise),king of Castile,24,27,34

Alfred the Creat,96

All Souls College,Oxford,125,153 n.1

Alps,49

Anatomy,Bologna,44;Montpellier,44;Padua,44;Salerno,41,43—4

Andreae,Johannes,Bolognese canonist,63

Angers,university of,29,31,178,179,181,183 n.1

Arabic,medicine,41,42,44,47;philosophy,37,42,43;science,16,37,41,42,43,47

Aragon,27,35 n.2,184

architecture,9,10

Aretino,Cuido,teacher of logic,45

Arezzo,university of,57,73

aristocracy see nobility

Aristotle,4;‘New Aristotle’,11,16,17,42—3,107—8

arithmetic,9,10,11

ars dictaminisars dictandi see dictamen

ars notariaars notarie,222,223

artes liberales see seven liberal arts

Arthur,king,96

arts,13,15,17,18,24,25,30,35,37,46,61,77,78,89,91,97,101,126,127,131,133,135,136,146,154,182,198,199,200,207,208,210,211,212,214,216,223,224;faculty of,32,82,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,93,104,105,107,112,121,169,178,190,202,208,210,211,212,214,221,222;see also seven liberal arts

Arundel,Thomas,at Oriel College,Oxford,147 n.1

Arundell,John,logic notebook of,143 n.3

astronomy,9,10,12

Athens,22;philosophical schools of,21

Aurillac,Cerbert of,11

Authentic Habita,51—4,233

Autun,College of.Paris,132

Ave Maria College,Paris,204 n.4,205,207 n.8;charity of,150

Avignon,university of,179,181—2,199

Azo,Bolognese jurist,50,61 and n.1 bachelors,teaching functions of,210—12;see also degrees,university and under individual disciplines

Baghdad,41

Balliol College,Oxford,135,147 n.3

Balliol,John de,135 n.2,136

ballots(cedulae),at Bologna,69,72

Balsham,Hugh de,bishop of Ely,135

Bamberg Surgery,44

Barcelona,cathedral canons of,61 n.5;university of,185

Barnwell,monks of,110

Barnwell process,103

Bartolus of Sassoferrato Bolognese jurist,231—2

Bas,Ramón,185

Basel,university of,155

Bassianus,Johannes,Bolognese jurist,50,61 and n.1

batellarii(commoners),145:see also commoners

Bath,Adelard of,17

beans,voting,at Bologna,69

Beauvais,Vincent of,164 n.1,225

Becket,Thomas,82,97,98

bedel(s),university,105,106,112

Bedford,100

Beirut,law school,21,50,51

Benedict ⅩⅢ,pope,184

beneficiarii,Paris colleges,150

Bertrand,Pierre,Cardinal,132

Béthune,Eberhard of.Graecismus,16

Blois,Peter of,97

Bohemia.90,119,120,189,232;see also Prague,university of

Bologna,54,56,59,67,69;archdeacon of,59,70,71;bishop of,71;commune of,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,63,66,67,69,70,72,73

Bologna University,24,25,28,29,37,39,44,45,48—74,86,87,88,89,97,107,113,116,118,120,121,151,169—76,183,184,187,193,194,222;law doctors,50—74 passim,169—71,178,188,211;law students,48,52—74 passim,169—71;money lenders,changers,67;nations,55,60,62,67,68—9,70,72,86,87,89,179;organization,54—74 passim;origins and development,48—55,87;student guilds(universitates),48—74 passim,169—71,193;student power,55,60—7,169—74,176,188,193;see also chancellor,college(s),doctoral

Bons-Enfants de Saint Honoré,Collège des,Paris,127

Bons-Enfants de Saint Victor,Collège des,Paris,127

Bordeaux,university of,121

Bourges,university of,119,182

boycotting see student,boycotting

Bradwardine,Thomas,108

Bristol,100

Buoncompagno,dictator,59 n.1,222 bursa,198

burses see halls,hospices,hostels

business(‘useful’)studies,Italian universities,222;Oxford,223—5

Byzantine Empire,16

Byzantium,22

Caen,100;university of,121,178

Cahors,university of,29,121

Calabria,Urso of,Salernitan master,42—3

Calenda,Costanza,Salernitan doctor,40

Cambridge,111,153;schools of,110,111

Cambridge University,96,108,109,110—15,123,131,133,134,135,138,144,146 n.6,150,152—4,157,179,191 and n.1,216,225,226,227,228,237;and ecclesiastical control,102—3;organization,111—13;origins,96—7,110—11;status,111—14;statutes,111—13;see also chancellor and colleges,academic

canon law see law

Cantaber,Spanish prince,96

Canterbury,archbishoo of 154

Canterbury College,Oxford,158

Capella,Martianus,13;De Nuptiis Mercuriiet Philogiae,10

Carolingian renaissance,6—7,6 n.5

Cassiodorus,13;Institutiones,10

Castile,24,34,157,175

cathedral schools see schools

cedulae see ballots

Celestine Ⅲ,pope,80

cessation(s),university,Bologna,73 and n.4;Paris,92,93,95;see

also migration(s),academic

chamberdeacons,Oxford,133n.3

chancellor,120;Bologna,59—60,70;Cambridge,71,102—4,111,112,135,153;Leipzig,120 n.1;Lérida 184;Oxford,71,100,101—4,105,106,107,108,135,227;Paris,15,60,76,77,78,81,82—4,89,90,93,103,104,124 n.1,131,191 n.1;Prague,120 n.1;Rostock,120 n.1;Salamanca,184;Spanish universities,183;Valladolid,184;Würzburg,120 n.1

chancery,imperial,222;papal,221

chantries,colleges as,124—5

chapel royal,English,114

Charlemagne,96;educational policy of,6—7

Charles Ⅰ,king of Anjou,38 n.4,46,47

Charles Ⅳ,emperor,232

Charles Ⅶ,king of France,94,95

Charles Ⅷ,king of France,95

Chartres,schools,12,79;Thierry of,194

chess,212

Chester,Roger of,17

cbevalierès lois,cbevalier en lois,cbevalier en armes,seigneur ès lois,231

Christ's College,Cambridge,146

Cicero,5,13;De Oratore,5;doctus orator,5,8,12;liberal arts,9;views on education,5,7,19

civil(Roman)law see law

Clare College,Cambridge,136 n.1,138,146 n.5,147 n.3,149

Clement Ⅲ,pope,54

Clement Ⅴ,pope,29

Clement Ⅵ,pope,29

college-university,German and Scottish universities,120,154,156—7

colleges,academic,122—59,195,203—7,209,213,214,216,237;Cambridge University,114—15,131,132—50,151,152—4,205—7,226,228—9,237;charitable functions,124—6,148—50;English(see also Cambridge and Oxford),114,123,124,126,127,129,130,131,132—50,152—4,204—7;French provincial,124,151,152,154;German,123,154,155—6,193;Italian,124,151,199;Oxford,131,132—50,151,152—4,204,206—7;Padua,151;Paris,86,89,123,124,125,126—32,148,150,204,205,208;Scottish,123,154,155—7,193;Toulouse,151;records of,157—9

college(s),doctoral,Bologna,56,67,71,73;arts and medicine,70;law,58;theology,71;Salerno,38,43,46 collegium,23,38,43,46

Cologne,university of,199,121,155,191 n.2,192

Comestor,Peter,15

commensales(commoners),145,146,206,207;see also commoners

commensals(commoners),145;see also commoners

common law,English,222

commoners,mature,145—8,206—7,228;undergraduate,130,144—5,146;unprofitability of,148;see also batellariicommensalescommensalscommorantescommunariipensionarii,pensioners,semi-commoners and sojournants.

commons(communes),145,198,204,206;at King's Hall,Cambridge,205—6

commorantes(commoners),145,146;see also commoners

communarii(commoners),145,146;see also commoners

commune(s),54—5,66,174,175,176,194,221;of Bologna,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,63,66,67,69,70,72,73,176,177,187;of Florence,174 n.2;of Modena,176;of Padua,172—3,176;of Pavia,202;of Siena,174;of Vercelli,176;of Vicenza,176

Conches,William of,194

congregatio,23,106—7

congregations,assembiles,at Bologna,63,67,69,70,86;at Oxford,106—7;at Paris,67,85,86,88,90;Toulouse,186

consiliarii,at Bologna,62,67,68,69,86,88

Constance,council of,114,217

Constantine the African,41,42,43;Pantegni of,41,44,45

Constantinople,imperial university of,21,50,51

Corbeil,Gilles of,43

corpus,23

Corpus Christi College,Cambridge,138

Courtenay,Richard,at Queen's College,Oxford,147 n.1

creditor see tutor(s)

Cremona,Roland of,92

Croyland,monks of,110

Cuneo,Guilielmus de,French jurist,233

Dacia,College of,Paris,128

dancing,4,212

d'Andeli,Henri,Battleof the Seven Arts,20

de Brie,Simon,papal legate,86 n.3

De commendatione cleri(probably by a German student at Paris)164 n.1,232

de Courcon,Robert,Cardinal Legate,82,208

De disciplina scholarium(probably by Elias of Trikingham),125,164 n.1

degrees,university,21,27,28,30,31,35,36,38,41,43,46,67,70,89,91,106,107,112,117,127,131,134,146,147,164,190,199 n.3,208,209—10,215,216,222,224,226,227,236;degree fees,198n.3,199 n.3,200

de Lucy,Geoffrey,Oxford chancellor,102

Dervorguilla,widow of John de Balliol,136

determinations(relating to disputations and degrees),131,199,208,211—12,214

De Vaux College,Salisbury,135 n.1

dialectic see logic

dictamen,18,196,197,221—4

dictatores),196

Didascalion of Hugh of St Victor,78

discipline,university and college,24,36,88,104,106,112,130,132,133—4,140,186,190,212,213,223

dispensations see graces,university

disputations,65,82,86,112,130 n.2164,167,187,211,212,213—14,219,230;de quolibet,214

Dix-Huit,Collège des,Paris,126—7

Dôle,university of,119,121,182

Dominican see mendicant

Donatus,16

dress,costume,academic,82,112,199,200

Dublin,paper university of,118

Dubois,Pierre,164 n.1

du Fresne,Simon,canon of Hereford,12 n.1,17 n.2,97

East Anglia,111

ecclesiastical jurisdiction,and universities,22,23,48,54,59,75—84 passim,91,92—3,102—3,108,119—20,152—4,177—83,191n.1,235

Edward Ⅰ,king of England,29

Edward Ⅱ,king of England,29,114,153

Elizabeth Ⅰ,queen of England,134 n.3,142

Elphinstone,William,bishop of Aberdeen,156

Ely,bishop of,102,103,111,135,136,154;diocese of,111;monks of,110

England,98,101,103,124,126,130,131,133,137,148,150,157,204,217,218,221,222,225,226,227;universities of,15,71,97,104,108,109,114,115,130,132,135,138,148,189,192—3,217,227,228;see also Oxford and Cambridge

Erfurt,university of,121,155,166 n.4,191 n.2,200

Eton College,commensals at,145

Eugenius Ⅳ,pope,217

Eustace,bishop of Ely,111

examinations,college,209;university,24,27,31,45,46,58,59,89,209

exchequer,royal,114,205;chancellor,of,153

excommunication,sentence of,104

exemplars),215

Exeter,schools of,97

extension,university see business(“useful”)studies

extranei(as commoners),145,147;see also commoners,pensioners,and semicommoners

Faba,Guido,dictator,222

faculties,superior,24,25,32,37,84,85,86,106,107,122,128,134,135,146,203,212,227;see also law,theology and medicine

fees see degree fees and student fees(collectae);tutorial,140,144

fellows,college,122—59 passim,203—6,207,208,228,229

Ferrara,university of,174

fines,71;for lecturers,63—5,71,172,174 n.2

Fitzstephen,William,97

Florence,Thaddeus of,Bolognese anatomist,44;university of,66 n.3,71,119,n.2,174,186 n.3,187 n.3

formularies,196,223,224

France,39,98,124,126,151,177,179,180,182,183,189,218;civil war,94;imperial schools,6;States General,94;studia particularia of,30,34;universities,15—16,25,88,90,118,119,120,121,150—1,152,177—83,184,185,186—7,194,216,220;see also individual French universities

Franciscan see mendicant

Frederick Ⅰ,emperor,51—2,53,54

FrederickⅡ,emperor,25,38,45,46,47,57,175,183

Freiburg-im-Breisgau,university of,155,198,200 and n.1,4,201 n.2

Frugardi,Roger,Surgery of,45

Galen,41,43

gambling,212,213

Garland,John of,the Morale Scolarium,18,165

Gascoigne,Thomas,207,227

geomancy,97

geometry,9,10

Germany,200;universities,90,118,119,120,121,123,154,155,156,157,169,172n.6,189,192,193,199,200,201,203,216;see also individual German universities

Gerona,paper university of,118

Glasgow,university of,75,156,157,191 n.2

Godshouse,Cambridge,153

Goliards,166,230

Gonville Hall,Gambridge,138,146,n.4,153

graces(dispensations),university,106,210

Graeco-Roman,education,3,4-6,10,19,20;medicine,41,45,47

grammar,5,7,9,10,11,15,16,20,42,48,77,124,127,128,148—50,207—8,223;boys,youths,127,128,148—50,207—8

grammars,Latin verse,15—16

Gratian,the Decretum,51,52,211

Gray,William,at Balliol College,Oxford,147 n.1

Greek,athletics,4;dancing,4;education,3—4,9;literature,4;medicine,41,42,44,45,47;music,4;philosophy,12,37,42,43;science,16,37,42,43,47;see also Graeco-Roman

Gregory Ⅸ,pope,26,28,30,111,211;Parens Scientiarum,81,83,90

Greifswald,university of,155

Grenoble,university of,118

Grosseteste,Robert,102;and Oxford science,107—8

Guignicourt,Aubert de,college of,128

guilds,masters',at Paris,75—95 passim,191;student(universitates),at Bologna,48—74 passim,169—71,193;urban,23,55 and n.5,153,190

Hales,Alexander of,92

halls,hospices,hostels,123,124,134,140—1,143,196,197,200,206,209,213,214,237;at Cambridge,112,133 and n.1,134;at Oxford 133 and n.1,2,134,141,143,206;at Paris,86,130,131;principals of,134,140,141,143,198

Haly Abbas,medical encyclopaedia of,41

Heidelberg,university of,119,121,155,191 n.2,192

Henry Ⅰ,king of England,100

Henry Ⅱ,king of England,97,98,99

Henry Ⅲ,king of England,224

Henry Ⅴ,king of England,133 n.3

Henry Ⅵ,emperor,47

Hereford,Nicholas,at Queen's College,Oxford,206;Roger of,17;schools of,12,17,38,79,97

Hippocrates,41

history,7

Hohenstaufen ideology,52,53

Honorius Ⅲ,pope,26,59,84,87 n.2,126,175 n.3;Super Speculam,26—7

hostels,hospices see halls

Hostiensis(Cardinal Henry of Susa),canonist,26—7

Hôtel-Dieu,Paris,126

household,royal,114,139,158

Hubant,John de,150,204 n.4

Huesca,university of,185

humanism,7—8,11,13—15,18,19,20,126,163,167,168,201,219,225,231

Hundred Years War,89,115,126

Hungary,universities of,90

Ile de la Cité,Paris,77

imperium,22

inccption,83,91,131,199

informatores see tutor(s)

Ingolstadt,university of,155,200

Innocent Ⅲ,pope,26,82

Innocent Ⅳ,pope,24,26,27,92

interdict,papal,at Bologna,73

Investiture Contest,49,54

Irnerius,Bolognesc jurist,50,51

Isocratcs,4,9

Italy,16,39,45,47,48,49,54,55,56,66,119,124,151,173,174,175,176,177,179,183,189,194,218,221,225;

imperial schools of,6;studia

particularia of,30,34,49;universities of,25,35,46,118,120,150—1,176,177,178,179,180,184,185,199,202,220,221,222,225

ius non trabiextra,Ⅲ

ius ubique docendi,27—32,33;see also

licence,teaching

James Ⅱ,king of Aragon,184

Jcrusalem,127

Jesus College,Cambridge,146 n.s,228

Jocius de Londoniis,127

John,king of England,223

John ⅩⅫ,pope,28,113

Judaeus,Isaac,41

Justinian,Codex,52,211;Corpus Juris Civilis,50;Omnem,50

King's College,Cambridge,125,137,139,147 n.3,153,157 n.3,228

King's Hall,Cambridge,114—15,124,129,135,137,158;civillaw at,114—15;commoners,semicommoners and ex-fellow pensioners,144—8,147 n.Ⅰ,206—7;fellows'maintenance costs,159,205—6,207;as mixed society,139—40;room rents,206;size of,138,139;statutes of,125,138,208;and tutorial system,143—4;warden,master,of,114,135,137

Kingsmill,William,Oxford dictator,224

knights see scholar,profession of

landlords,72,133,233

Laon,Collège de,Paris,128;schools of,79

Lateran Council,Third,and teaching

licence,81

law,7,8,16,17—18,19,20,32,35,37,42,46,50,71,72,97,100,101,107,122,134,154,165,169,178,179,180,182,189,190,212,214,219,228,231,233;

canon,24,48,51,52,53,62,130,151,216,220,226,228,233;faculty of canon,25,82,84,87,112,126,129,130,137,211,227;civil(Roman),24,48,49,50,51,52,53,71,84,101,112,114,115,219,220,222,227,228,233;faculty of civil(Roman),25,126,211,227;see also Bologna,law doctors and law students

lccture room(s),64,134

lecturers(masters,teachers,professors),

university,24,27,28,30,32,39,40,41,42,43,45,46,47,48—74 passim,75—95 passim,96—121 passim,125,130,131,132,134,142,152,154,155,156,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,179,180,181,182,183,184,186,187,188,189,190,192,193,194,200,202—3,205,210,211,212,214,215,221,222,223,224,231,236,237;substitutes as,187,210,231

lectures,college,130,131,132,141—2,151,159;extraordinary(or cursory),64,210—11,212;hall,140—1;ordinary,64,132,134,141,210—11,212;university(public),63—4,65,67,82,86,90,112,172,184,187,199,200,209,210,213,214,215

lectureship(s),salaried,32,65,155,171,173,175—6,189,195;at Bologna,66,67,176;in northern Europe,31,154,202—3;in southern Europe,31,154,155,171,173,194,202;see lectures,college

Leipzig,university of,119,120 n.1,155,191 n.2,192,198

Lérida,university of,184—5,216

licence,teaching(licentiadocendi),24,28,29,30,31,38,40,46,59,78,81,82—3,85,93,102,104,131,179;notarial,222;see also ius ubique docendi

Lille,Gautier of,the Alexandreis,15

Lincoln,bishop of,99,100,102,103 and n.2,107,153,n.1;College of,Oxford,153 n.1;schools of,79,97

Link oping,College of,Paris,128

logic,dialectic,4,7,9,10,11,13,42,45,46,77,78,79,80,107,167,210,214,219,220,221,230;attractions of,19—20

Lombardy,49

London,100;schools of,97

Louis Ⅸ,king of France,127

LouisⅪ,king of France,95

Louis Ⅻ,king of France,90,95

Louvain,university of,155,202

Low Countries,universities of,90,119,120,189,192

Lucca,paper university of,118

Luzzi,Mondino di,Bolognese anatomist,44

Lyons,schools of,34

macebearers(clavarii),at Lerda,184

Magdalen College,Oxford,142,144,153 n.1

Maguelone,bishop of,180,185

Martin Ⅴ,pope,184

martinets,130

mathematics,16,17,211;at Oxford,107—8

matricula(or roll),134;matricula specialis at Bologna,70

matriculation,fees,200;registers,177,168,199

medicine,7,9,10 and n.2,16,17—18,20,46,112,151,165,169,178,190,212,228;Arabic,41,42,44,47;faculty of,24,25,32,39,82,84,87,122,129,134,214;Graeco-Roman,41,45,47;Greek,41,42,44,45,47;at Salerno,37—47 passim

Melfi,constitutions of,45

mendicant orders,123,185,230;at Bologna,70,71;at Cambridge,93;at Oxford,93,108,136;at Paris,84,91—4

Merseburg,bishop of,120 n.1

Merton,Walter de,149

Merton College,Oxford,108,124,135,136,139,140,142,145,147 n.3;parvuli at,149

Metalogiconsee Salisbury,John of

Michaelhouse,Cambridge,135 n.4,138,147 n.3

migration(s),academic,57,73 and n.4,77,92,97,98,99,101,111,117,118,172,180,195

minstrels,213

Modena,176

Monmouth,Geoffrey of,101

Monte Cassino,Alberic of,dictator 221;monastery of,41

Montlezun,College of,Toulouse,124 n.1,151

Montpellier,university of,24 n.4,29,31,34 n.1,39,44,116,178,179,180—1,182,183 n.1,186,211

Morley,Daniel of,17,101

music,4,9,10

Nantes,university of,118,119,121,182

Naples,university of,24,25,47,175,183

Narbonne,archbishop of,27;schools of,27

nations,151,183,191,213;Aberdeen,88,191 n.2;Angers,181;Bologna,55,67,68—9,70,72,86,87,89,170;German nation,60,62,67,72;Cambridge,104—5;Glasgow,191 n.2;Heidelberg,121,191 n.2;Leipzig,191 n.2;Montpellier,181,185—6;Orléans,185;Oxford,104—5,106,107;Paris,84,85,86,87—90,106,129,130:English-German nation,84,87,89 and n.4,192 n.2,198,199;Prague,191 n.2;St Andrews,191 n.2;Vienna,191 n.2

natural sciences,20,211;at Hereford,17;at Oxford,17,107—8

Navarre,College of,Paris,124,128,131

necessary regency system,141,154—5,173,203,212

Nene,river,105

Nequam,Alexander,of,101

Neville,George,at Balliol College,Oxford,147 n.1

New College,Oxford,125,137,138,139—40,142,147 n.3,153 n.1,157 n.3,204,208

Nicholas,cardinal bishop of Tusculum,Oxford charter of 1214,101—2

Nicholas Ⅳ,pope,29,34 n.1

nobility,aristocracy,4,124,201,203,231,232,237;in universities,62,71,72,121,167,168,169,190,201—2;at King's Hall,Cambridge,147 n.1;at Magdalen College,Oxford,144;at several Oxford colleges,174 and n.1 non-residence,beneficed clergy,26—7,33,227;bidshops,226,227

Northampton,100;schools,97,99,101

notaries,221,222,223

Notre Dame,Paris,canons of,77;cathedral of,60,77,78—9,80,81,126;chancellor of,15,60,76,77,78,81,82—4,89,90,93,191 n.1;cloimgtre of,77,79;Parvis of,77;schools of,77,80,81

O,Simon,Oxford dictator,224

Odofredus,Bolognese jurist,50,61 and n.1,66

Orange,university of,117,121

oratory see rhetoric

Oriel College,Oxford,145,147 n.3,153 n.1,204,207

Orléans,cathedral school of,15;university of,19,20,29,31,113,178,179,181,182,183 n.1,185,199,211

Orvieto,paper university of,118

Oseney,abbey of,100;chronicle of,100

Oxford,97,98,99,100,101,204,224;archdeacon of,101,102

Oxford University,17,24 and n.3,25,29,31,39,96—109,110,111,113,114,116,123,131,133 and n.1,2,3,135 and n.1,138,141,150,152—4,157,179,191 and n.1,212,214,216,220,222—5,225,227;and ecclesiastical control,102—3,108;organization of,99,100—7;origins of,96—101,107;scientific movement at,107—8;statutes,106,112;see also chancellor and colleges,academic

Padua,university of,24,29,72 n.8,73,113,116,171—3,174,176,184,187,188,194;student power at,171—3,174,176,188

Palencia,university of,24,175,185

Palma,university of,185

papal hierocratic system(doctrine),49,51,52

Parens scientiarum,1231,Paris,81,83,90

Paris,22,78,79,80,97,98,101,150,194;archdeacon of,124 n.1,129;bishop of,77,81,82,83,191 n.1;parlement of,94;provost of,81;shools of,77 ff.,88,194

Paris University,15,17,20,24,25,26,28,29,30,31,37,39,42,43,59,71,75—95,96,97,98,99,101,102,104,105,107,108,111,113,116,120,121,123,125,126—32 passim,148,150,157,167,169,178,179,180,191,192,193,199 and n.3,202,203,208,216,232;and ecclesiastical jurisdiction,75—84 passim,91,92—3;masters'guild,60,67,75—95 passim;and mendicants,84,91—4;nations,84,85,86,87—90,106,129,130,192 n.2,198,199;organization of,67,68,81—91,93—4;origins of,77 ff.,87;statutes of,82,88,91,92,93;subjection to French monarchy,90,94—5,118;see also chancellor and colleges,academic

parvuli,at Merton College,Oxford,149

pauperes see students,poor

Pavia,schools of,49;university of,117,174,187 n.4,202

peciae),215

Pécs,university of,50 n.1

Pembroke College,Cambridge,136,138

pensionarii(commoners),146;see also commoners

pensioners,ex-fellow,145;at King's Hall,Cambridge,147;undergraduate,130;see also commoners

Pepo(?),Italian jurist,51

perbendinantes(commoners),146;see also commoners

Perpignan,university of,33 n.5,121,185,216

Perugia,university of,174

Peterhouse,Cambridge,135,136,138,142,146 n.3,147 n.3,149

Petit-Pont,shools of,Paris,77

petitions,university rolls of,for benefices,216—17

pets,212—13

Philip Ⅱ(Augustus),king of France,79,84 n.2;charter of 1200 for Paris,80,81,101—2

Philip Ⅳ,king of France,185

philosophy,4,11,12,37,42,43,46,91,220,228,229

Piacenza,university of,175

Pisa,university of,73,174

plague,73

Platearius,Matthaeus,Salernitan writer and teacher,40,42,n.3

Plato,4,9;Republic,9

plays,Latin,in collèges,213

plein exercice,Collèges de,Paris,131

poems,Latin epic,15

popetry,7

Poitiers,university of,119,182

Poland,90

political theory(science),7

Portugal,118

poverty,student see students,poor and student,poverty

Prague,archbishop of,120 n.1;university of,33 n.4,117,118,119,120 and n.1,191 and n.2

principals see halls

printing,216

Priscian,16

privilegium clericorum,52

privilegium fori,80

privilegium scbolarium,52

privy seal,writ of,137

proctor(s),at Bologna,60,67;at Oxford,105,106

procurators(or rectors),at Balliol College,Oxford,136

Provence,Ponce de,dictator,18

Provisors,Statute of,217

Ptolemy,Almagest,42

public good,interest,utility,233—4

Pullen,Robert,100—1

puncta,at Bologna,64,65

quadrivium subjects,8,10,11,13,17 n.2,107,211

quaestiones),164 n.3,211,214

Queen's College,Oxford,125,137,147 n.3,148,150,153 n.1,206

Queens'College,Cambridge,228

Quintilian,5,13;Institutio Oratoria,5;views on education,5,19

Ravenna,schools of,49

RaymondⅦ,count of Toulouse,175—6

Rebuffus,Petrus,232

rector(magisterial or student),53,104,105,112,136,186;at Aberdeen,88;at Bologna,55,57,58,61,62,64,65,67,68,69,70,71—3,86,104;at Florence,174 n.2;at German universities,120—1;at Lérida,184—5;at Padua,172;at Paris,71,84,85—6,88,90,94,124 n.1,129;at Salamanca,184;at Valladolid,184

rectors,at Pembroke College,Cambridge,136

Reformation,English,130,140

Regimen Sanitatis Salernitum(or Scbola Salernitana),40,45

rents,82,112,233;room,in colleges,206—7

Revolution,French,132

Rheims,Richer of,39;schools of,34,38,79

rhetoric,4,5,7,8,10,11,18,19,48,97,220—1

Richard Ⅰ,king of England,99

Roes,Alexander of,22 n.2

Roman,education,3,4,5;Empire,5,6,10,48,220;imperial schools,5,6;mosmaiorum,4;paterfamilias,4;Republic,4;see also law,civil(Roman)

Rome,4,5,22,27,49,50,93,112;university of the Court of,24,26,27,175

Roncaglia,52

Rostock,university of,119,120 n.1,155,192

sacerdotium,22

St Andrews,university of,76,156,157,191,n.2

St Augustine,8,9—10,13;De Doctrina Cbristiana,10

St Catharine's College,Cambridge,125,148,226,228—9

St Cher,Hugh of,92

St Frideswide's,monastery of,100

St Geneviève,Paris,abbot of,78;collegiate church of,77;schools of,77

St George-in-the-Castle,canons secular of,100;provost of,101

St Giles,John of,92

St Thomas du Louvre,Collège de,Paris,127

St Victor,abbey of,Paris,77,78;Hugh of,78,225;schools of,77,78

Salamanca,university of,28,34 n.2,183—4,185,216

salaries,university see lectureship(s),salaried

Salerno,39,41,45,47;school or protouniversity of,25,37—47;anatomy at,41,43—4;medical literature at,39,40,41,42,43,44;medical practice at,39,40,41,42,43—5;organization of,38—9,43,45—7;origins,of,39 ff.;philosophy and science at,37;surgery at,40,41,44—5

Salisbury,cathcdral of,135 n.1

Salisbury,John of,9 n.3,18,82,98,100—1,225;attitude to logic,19;Metalogicon,12

Sampson,Thomas,Oxford dictator,224

San Bartolomé,colegio viejo de,Salamanca,151

Saragossa,university of,185

Sareshel,Alfred of,17

Scandinavia,universities of,90,118,120,189

Schism,Great,94,108,216

scholar,profession of,229—32,233,237;distinct from knighthood,230—1;equivalent to knighthood,231—2

scbolasticus,at Angers,181;at Salamanca,184 and n.1

schools,Anglo-Saxon,6;Arabic,22;Byzantine,22;cathedral,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,17,28,38,77,78,79,81,96,97,107,135 n.1;Graeco-Roman,22;see also Graeco-Roman,education;Greek,22;see also Greek,education;Iberian,6;Irish,6;mendicant,91,92;monastic,11;nation(Paris),89;Roman imperial,5,6;theological,26,77;urban(municipal),7,8,11,14;see also individual towns and studium particulare

Schwerin,bishop of,120 n.1

science,16,108;Arabic,16,37,41,42,43,47;Greek,16,37,42,43,47

Scotland,120,218;bishops of,76;universities of,76,90,118,120,123,154,155,156,157,189,192,193

seigneur ès lois see cbevalier ès lois

Seine,river,77

semi-commoners,mature,145—8,206—7;undergraduate,144—5

sermons,117;on students,15,164,165

servants,of college fellows,159;of commoners,207;poor students as,199,200;of students,53;university,71,72

seven liberal arts,9—13,9 n.3,19,78,97

Seville,Isidore of,Etymologiae,10

Seville,university of,27

Sicily,16,17,39,45

Siena,university of,73

Siete Partidason studium generale,24—5;on studium particulare,34

Sigüenza,university of,185

simony,academic,187

Skara House,Paris,128

societates,at Bologna,56

Soissons,college at,128

sojournants(commoners),146;see also commoners

Sophists,4

Sorbon,Robert de,advice to students,167;College of the Sorbonne,127,151,167

Sorbonne,College of,Paris,124 n.1,127,129,131,135,150

Southampton,100

Spain,16,17,99,151,189,193;College of,Bologna,151;universities of,90,118,120,151,183—5,216

Stampensis,Theobaldus,at Oxford,100 stationarii,at Bologna,72 n.3

statutes,21,60,61,117,157—8,179,186,210,213,215;Bologna city,58 and n.1,70,72;Bologna,arts and medicine,63;Bologna,German nation,60;Bologna,jurist,58,63,64,65,69,70,71,72,170,211;Cambridge University,111—13;Florence University,174;Lérida University,185;Montpellier University,211;Oxford University,106,112,223;Padua University,jurist,172,174;Paris University,82,88,91,92,93,208:English-German nation,89 n.4,208:French(Gallican)nation,89 n.1;Pavia University,174,187 n.4;Salamanca University,184;Salerno,46,47;Valladolid University,184;colleges,Cambridge,135,136,138,146,149;Oxford,135,136,137,138,142,144,146,149—50;Paris,132;others and general,122,123,147,149,151,157—9,205,208,209,213

student(undergraduate),accommodation,130,133,134,140—1,197,199,200,233;age,61—2,178,190,207—9;attitudes,163—7,179—80,190—1;boycotting,64,65,72,171,173,195;diversions,severely restricted,212—13;fees(collectae),62—3,64,65 and n.3,66,155,171,173,199;letters,164,196—8;life,24,55,73—4,168,172 n.6,196—217;origins,62,167—9,190,198;poverty,125,169,196—201,200 n.1;power,55,60—7,152,163—95,236—7;worldliness,18,165

students,chs.1—9 passim;lay,48,49,52,62,119;poor(pauperes),125,126,127,148—50,169,196—201,200 n.1;and university studies,165,166—7,209—12,213—16,236

studiumstudia),22—7 passim,32—5 passim,48,53—60 passim,63,66—73 passim,75,79,82,84—95 passim,98,99,101,103,104,106,107,108,110,111,113,114,116,117—21 passim,130,131,139,141,151,152,154,156,168,170—85 passim,190—4 passim,199,200,201,202,203,209,211,212,216,222,225,232,233,237;commune,24,101;solempne(or solemnesolenne),24;specialis,27;universale,24;see also studium generale and studium particulare studium generalestudia generalia),26,27,28,29,33—4,36,37,38,47,49,51,74,79,80,83,96,97,98,99,101,113,157,172,185,216;meaning of,23—6,32—3;privileges of,26—33;ex consuetudine,29,34,101,112,113;respecturegni,25,113

studium particularestudia particularia),25,27,30,34—5,35 n.2

Super Speculam,1219,26—7

surgery,at Salerno,40,41,44—5

syllabus,5,6;university,64,167,213 ff.syndics,at Bologna,71

teachers,university see lecturers

teaching methods and university studies,24,67,165,166—7,209—12,213—16,236

Templars,214

Theodosius,emperor,50

theology,8,10,11,12,20,26,27,37,42,71,77,78,79,91,92,93,94,97,100,101,107,126,127,129,131,151,154,164,165,212,216,219,220,227,228,229,234;faculty of,24,25,32,70,71,82,84,87,91,92,93,112,122,129,134,137,214

timetable,academic,89,106

Tiptoft,John,at University College,Oxford,147 n.1

Topograpbia Hibernica of Gerald of Wales,101

Toulouse,175;parlement of,186,187;university of,24 and n.2,25,28,29,30,124 n.1,151,175,186,187 and n.1,3,4,213

Tours,Berengar of,11;schools of,79

tradesmen,serving universities,53,72 and n.3

translatio studii,22

trattatoresor sollecitatores),at Padua,172

treatises,educational,5,10,11,12,13,18,78,125,163—4,164 n.1,225,229—33

Trevisa,John,at Queen's College,Oxford,145 n.6

Treviso,university of,117

Trinity College,Cambridge,146 n.5

Trinity Hall,Cambridge,136 n.1,138

trivium subjects,10,11,17 n.2

Trottus,Salernitan doctor,40

Trotula,(P),woman doctor of Salerno,tradition of,40

Trotula,treatise on gynaecology,40,45

Troy,96

Troyes,treaty of,94

Tubingen,university of,155

tutor(s),college,143—4;private,201

tutorial system,colleges,140,141,142—4,145—6,159;halls,141

universitas,meaning of,22—3

universitas magistrorum etscolarium,at Paris,82

universitas scolarium,at Bologna,57

universities,paper,116 n.2,118

University College,Oxford,135,145,207

Upsala,College of,Paris,128

Urban Ⅴ,pope,103

urban(municipal)schools see schools

Vacarius,Italian jurist,101

Valence,Mary de,countess of Pembroke,136

Valence,university of,118,119,182

Valencia,35 n.2;physician of,213;university of,24,27,185

Valladolid,university of,184

Varro,De Novem Disciplinis,9,10,13

Vendôme,Matthew of,the Tobias,15

Venice,187

Vercelli,university of,23,24,172,175

Verdale,College of,Toulouse,151

Vespasian,emperor,5

Vicenza,university of,57,73,175

Vidal Gautier,College of,Toulouse,124 n.1.151

Vienna,university of,119,120,155,191 and n.2.198,200

Villedieu,Alexander of,the Doctrinale,15,16

Vitry,Jacques de,sermons of,15

Wales,Gerald of(Giraldus Cambrensis),12 n.1,101

Warwick,100

Waynflete,William,bishop of Winchester,commoners at Magdalen College,Oxford,145—5

Wells,Hugh of,bishop of Lincoln,102

Wenceslas,king of Bohemia,118

Wodelarke,Robert,and St Catharine's College,Cambridge,148,226,228—9

Woodstock,palace of,100

Worcester,100

Würzburg,bishop of,120 n.1;university of,119,120 n.1

Wyclif,John,at Queen's College,Oxford,206

Wykeham,William of,at New College,Oxford,139,142—3;and tutorial system,142—3

York,schools of,79,97