六、常用词组
break
1.break away from The prisoner broke away from his guards.犯人从看守者手中逃脱了。（挣脱，逃脱）This organization wished to break away from the committee and form a new one.该组织想脱离委员会后自立门户。（脱离）
She broke away from the others and opened up a two second lead.她甩掉其他人，领先大约2秒的距离。[（尤指赛跑）甩掉]
2.break down Our car broke down on the highway.我们的车子在高速公路上抛锚了。（出故障）Negotiations between the two sides have broken down.双方谈判失败了。（失败）Her health broke down under the pressure of work.在工作压力下，她的身体垮了。
（垮掉）
He broke down and wept when he heard the news.他听到这个消息时不禁痛哭起来。
（感情失去控制）
Expenditure on the project breaks down as follows：raw materials$5，000，wages $4，000.该项目开支如下：原材料5000美元，工资4000美元。（划分成部分）
Firefighters had to break the door down to reach the people trapped inside.
消防员必须砸破这扇门才能营救困在里面的人。[打倒，砸破（某物）]
He tried every means to break down her daughter’s reserve，but in vain.
他竭尽所能去消除与她女儿之间的隔阂，但无济于事。（驱除，瓦解，消除）
Break down your expenditure into bills，food and other.将支出细分为现金、食物和其他。[将（金钱等）分类]
Sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach.糖和淀粉在胃里被分解。（使分解）
3.break for
She had to hold him back as he tried to break for the door.他突然冲着门跑去，她不得不拉住他。[（试图逃脱时）突然冲向]
4.break in
Burglars broke in while we were away.我们不在家时，盗贼闯入屋内行窃。（强行进入）Every April，the company will have a four-day orientation project to break in new recruits.每年四月，公司会举办为期4天的新员工培训。（培训）
She longed to break in on their conversation but didn’t want to appear rude.
她想打断他们的谈话，但不想那么粗鲁。（打断）
5.break into
As the professor stepped on the stage，all students broke into loud applause.
教授走上讲台时，所有学生爆发出热烈的掌声。（突然开始）
He broke into a run when he saw the police.看见警察，他撒腿就跑。[撒腿就跑（突然开始快跑）]
I had to break into a$20 to pay the bus fare.我不得不兑开这张20美元的钞票付车票。（找开大面值钞票）
They had to break into the emergency food supplies because of the flood.因为水灾，所以他们不得不动用应急储备的食物。（启用应急用品）
The company is having difficulty breaking into new markets.公司打入新市场时遇到了困难。（顺利打入，成功参与）
6.break off
The back section of the plane broke off.飞机座舱的后面脱落了。（折断，脱落）He broke off in the middle of a sentence.在句子中间他停顿了一下。（停顿，中断）The country’s government threatened to break off diplomatic relations.该国政府以断绝外交关系相威胁。（断绝外交关系）
break off one’s engagement解除婚约
7.break out
She needed to break out of her daily routine and do something exciting.她需要摆脱日常那些琐碎的工作，做一些有趣的事。[摆脱（状况），逃离（境地）]Her face broke out in a rash.他的脸突然长出皮疹。（突然布满某物）He broke out in cold sweat.他惊出了一身冷汗。（冒出）
8.break through（n.breakthrough）
The sun broke through at last in the afternoon.下午，太阳终于从云层后面钻出来了。
（冲破，突破）
a major breakthrough重大突破
9.break up
The ship broke up on the rock.船在礁石上撞得粉碎。（粉碎，破碎）
Their marriage has broken up/come to an end.他们离婚了。（结束）
Sentences can be broken up into clauses.句子可以分成从句。（分解，拆分）
bring
1.bring about
What brought about the change in your attitude towards English study？是什么原因导致你改变了学习英语的态度？（导致）
Most people are against bringing about the death penalty.大多数人都反对恢复死刑。（恢复，重新使用）
2.bring back
Please bring back all library books by the end of the week.请在本周末前归还所有从图书馆借的书。（归还）
The photo brought back many pleasant memories.这张照片勾起许多美好的回忆。（使回忆起）
3.bring down
The scandal may bring down the government.这个丑闻可能导致政府垮台。（打垮，击败）We aim to bring down prices on all our computers.我们打算降低我们所有计算机的价格。（降低，减少）
4.bring forth
trees bringing forth fruit结果的树
5.bring in
Experts were brought in to advise the government.让专家参与进来，为政府提建议。（让……参与）
Two men were brought in for questioning.两个男子被带到警察局问话。（逮捕）
They want to bring in a bill to limit arms exports.他们想提出限制武器出口的议案。（提出）
His freelance work brings him in about$20，000 a year.他做自由职业者，每年差不多有2万美元的收入。（挣得，获利）
6.bring off
It was a difficult task but we brought it off.任务很困难，不过我们顺利渡过了难关。（顺利渡过难关）
7.bring up
We were brought up to respect authority.我们受到的教育是要尊重权威。（抚养，养育）
call
1.call for
The government called for the immediate release of the hostages.政府要求立即释放人质。（公开要求）
2.call forth
His speech in public called forth an angry response.他在公众场合的演讲引起了众怒。（引起，产生）
3.call in
Cars with serious faults have been called in by the manufacturers.厂家召回了有严重问题的车子。（召回）
4.call off
The game was called off because of the bad weathers.因为天气不好，所以游戏取消了。（取消）
5.call on/upon
I now call upon the chairman to address the meeting.现在我邀请主席为会议致词。
（邀请，恭请）
6.call up
The smell of the sea called up memories of her childhood.海的味道让她回忆起童年时代。（使回忆起）
I called his address up on the computer.我在电脑中调出他的地址。（调出地址/调用储存）
She called up her last reserves of strength.她用尽最后一些力气。（使尽最后一点力气）
carry
1.carry sb.back to=recall
The smell of the sea carried her back to the childhood.海的味道让她回忆起童年时代。（回忆起）
2.carry off
Jean carry off all the prizes琼赢得了全部奖品。（赢得，获得）
3.carry out
Our planes carried out a bombing raid on enemy targets.我们的飞机执行了一项轰炸敌方目标的任务。（执行，贯彻）
4.carry over
Attitudes learned at home carry over into the playground.The Confidence gained in remedial classes carried over into the children’s regular school work.孩子们在辅导班上获得的自信持续到他们正常的学校学习中去了。（延续）
5.carry sb.through
His strong determination carried him through the ordeal.他是靠自己坚强的决心渡过了难关。（帮助……渡过难关）
carry sth.through
Despite powerful opposition，they managed to carry their reforms through.尽管遇到了强大的阻力，他们还是设法进行了改革。（现实，完成）
come
1.come about=happen
Can you tell me how the accident came about？你能告诉我事故是如何发生的吗？（发生）
2.come across
You speech come across very well.你的演讲相当受欢迎。（产生效果）
She came across some old photos in a drawer.她在一个抽屉中偶然发现几张老照片。
[（偶然）发现，遇见]
I hoped she would come across with some more information about the missing child.
我希望她会提供失踪孩子的一些信息。（提供，给予）
3.come along
When the right opportunity comes along，you should seize it.当机遇出现时，你应该抓住。（到达，出现）
Your English has come along a lot recently because of your diligence.因为你很勤奋，所以你的英语水平进步很大。（进步，进展）
4.come around/round
Your mother hasn’t yet come round from the anesthetic.你母亲尚未从麻醉状态中苏醒过来。（恢复知觉）
5.come by
Jobs are hard to come by now.工作现在很难找。（得到，获得）
6.come out
When will her new book come out？她的新书什么时候出版？（出版发行）
The truth came out at the trial.经过审讯，真相终于大白了。（真相大白）
7.come up
The daffodils are just beginning to come up.水仙花就要破土而出了。（破土而出，长出地面）
I’m afraid something urgent has come up.我想是发生了紧急事件。（发生）
We’ll let you know if any vacancies come up.如果有空缺职位，我们会通知你。（出现）
The question is bound to come up at the meeting.会上一定会讨论这个问题。（被提及，被讨论）
She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.她想出了促进销售的新点子。（想出）
His performance didn’t really come up to his usual high standard.他没有在表演中达到平时训练中的最高水平。（达到）
We expect to come up against a lot of opposition to the plan.我们预计这个计划会遭
到很多人的反对。（面对，遭到反对）
die
1.die away The sound of their laughter died away.他们的笑声渐渐远去。（逐渐减弱，逐渐消失）
2.die back（植物）枝头枯萎（但根部仍活着）
3.die down
The flames finally died down.火焰终于熄灭了。（熄灭）
4.die off
As she got older and older，her relatives all died off.随着她越来越老，她的亲属都相继去世了。（相继死去）
5.die out
This species has already died out because its habitat had been destroyed.这一物种已经灭绝，因为它们的栖息地被毁掉了。（灭绝）
fall
1.fall apart
The deal fell apart when we failed to agree on the price.由于我们双方没有就价格达
成一致，生意没有做成。（破裂，告吹）
2.fall away
His supporters fell away as his popularity declined.因为他的声望下降了，支持者的人数在减少。（减少）
The market for their products fell away to almost nothing.他们产品的市场占有率几乎减到零。（消散）
3.fall behind
We can’t afford to fall behind our competitors in using new technology.我们再也不能在使用新技术方面掉在竞争对手的后面了。（落后）
4.fall down
That’s where the theory falls down.这便是该理论的不足之处。（失败，不起作用）
5.fall on/upon sb.or sth.
The children fell on the food and ate it greedily.孩子们向食物扑去，贪婪地吃了起来。
（扑向）
The full cost of the wedding fell on her parents.婚礼的全部费用都落到父母身上。
（由……负担）
6.fall out
Jane and Paul fell out with each other.简和保罗争吵不休。（争吵）
7.fall over
I rushed for the door and fell over the cat in the hallway.我冲向门，在走廊时被猫绊倒了。（绊倒）
8.fall through
Our plan fell through because of lack of money.我们的计划因缺钱而落空了。（失败）
give
1.give away
He gave away most of his money to charity.他把大部分钱都捐赠给了慈善机构。（捐赠）
The principal gave away the prizes at the school sports day.校长在学校运动会上颁奖。（颁发）
They’ve given away two goals already.他们已经白白送给对方两个球了。（白送）
She gave away state secrets to the enemy.她向敌人泄露了国家机密。（泄露机密）
2.give in
give sth.in to sb.=hand over sth.to sb.呈上，交上
3.give off
The flowers gave off a fragrant perfume.花散发出香味。（散发，放出）
4.give out
After a month their food supplies gave out.一个月后，他们的食物耗尽了。（用完，耗尽）
Her legs gave out and she collapsed.她的腿残疾了，她整个人崩溃了。（坏掉）
The teacher gave out the exam papers.老师发考试卷。（分发）
The radiator gives out a lot of heat.暖气片散发出大量的热能。（散发）
5.give up
After a week on the run，he gave himself up to the police.逃亡一周之后，他向警方投案自首了。（投案自首）
I have given up on you.我对你已不抱希望。（对……不抱希望）
go
1.go about
Despite the threat of war，people went about their business as usual.尽管受到战争的威胁，人们还继续忙着自己的事，一如往常。（继续做，忙于某事）
How should I go about finding a job？我该如何着手去找工作？（着手做）
2.go after
She left the room in tears so I went after her.她流着泪离开了房间，我追了出去。（追赶）Unfortunately both my best friend and I are going after the same job.不幸的是，我和我最好的朋友应聘的是同一份工作。（追求某人，谋求某事）
3.go against sb.
He would not go against his parents’wishes so he went abroad for further study.他不愿违背父母的意愿，于是他出国深造去了。（违背，不相符）
4.go along
I’d go along with you there.在那一点上我赞同你的意见。（赞成，支持）
5.go at
John went at Bob when the class was over.约翰一下课就扑向了鲍勃。（攻击某人）
He went at his breakfast as if he hadn’t eaten for days.他吃早餐时的样子就像多日没吃东西似的。（拼命干）
6.go by
Things will get easier as time goes by.随着时间的推移，事情会变得越发简单。（时间流逝）
He always goes by the rales.他总是根据规则办事。（遵循，依照）
7.go for
They have a high level of unemployment—but the same goes for many other countries.该国失业率很高，不过其他很多国家也是这样。（适用于）
go for sth.
I hear you’re going for that job.我听说你准备争取那个职位。（争取获得）
8.go in for
Several people went in for the race.有几个人参加了赛跑。（参加考试或比赛等）
She doesn’t go in for team games.她对团队比赛项目不感兴趣。（对……感兴趣）
9.go through
He’s amazingly cheerful considering all he’s had to go through.想到自己经历过的一切，他欣喜若狂。（经历）
Have you gone through all your money？你把所有的钱都花光了吗？（用完，耗尽）
10.go with
Disease often goes with poverty.疾病和贫穷常相伴而生。（与某物相伴而生）
It is very common that the color of green doesn’t go with red.一般说来，绿色与红色不相配。（与……相配）
11.go without
There wasn’t time for breakfast，so I had to go without.没时间吃早饭了，所以只好不吃了。（将就，没有……也行）
hand
1.hand down to sb.
These skills used to be handed down from father to son.这些手艺在过去常常是父传子的方式。（传承）
2.hand in
Pleasehand in your papers.请交卷。（上交，提交）
3.hand over
He resigned and handed over his work to his colleague.他辞职了，并把工作移交给了同事。[（权力，责任）移交]
hold
1.hold back
The police were unable to hold back the crowd.警察无法拦住人群。（拦阻）
You could become a good musician，but your lack of practice is holding you back.你有可能成为一名优秀的音乐家，但是缺少练习正在妨碍你的发展。（妨碍发展）
hold back information隐瞒信息
hold back one’s anger压住怒火
hold back tears忍住泪水
hold sb.back from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
2.hold down
It took three men to hold him down.三个人才将他制服。（制服）
The people are held down by a repressive regime.人民受到残酷政权的压迫。（压迫）
The rate of inflation must be held down.通货膨胀率必须控制在较低的水平。（控制在低水平）
He was unable to hold down a job after the accident.事故发生后他无法保住自己的工作了。（保住）
3.hold forth喋喋不休，大发议论
4.hold on
They managed to hold on until help arrived.他一直坚持到救援到来。（坚持住，顶住）These nuts and bolts hold the wheels on.这些螺栓和螺母将车轮固定住。（固定住）
5.hold off
We could get a new computer now or hold off until prices are lower.我们可以现在就买台新电脑或者推迟到价格低一些再买。（推迟）He held off all the last-minute challengers and won the race in a new record time.他与其他选手保持一定距离并赢得了比赛，创造了一项新纪录。（战胜，克服）
6.hold out
We can stay here as long as our supplies hold out.只要给养充足，我们就留在这里。（维持，坚持）
Doctor held out little hope of her recovery.医学对她康复不抱多大希望。（提供机会，给予希望，使有可能）
7.hold up
She is holding up well under the pressure.她能很好地承受压力。（承受住）An accident is holding up traffic.事故阻碍了交通。（阻碍）My application was held up by the postal strike.邮政系统罢工把我的申请耽误了。（耽搁）His idea was held up to ridicule.他的想法被当成笑料。（举出例子；提出）
keep
1.keep away from
His illness kept her away from work for several weeks.他生病了，几周都无法工作。（阻止）
2.keep back
She was unable to keep back her tears.她无法抑制住自己的泪水。（抑制或阻止感情等流露）
He kept back half the money for himself.他将一半的钱留给自己。（保留或扣留某物一部分）
I’m sure they are keeping something back from me.我确信他们有事瞒着我。（隐瞒）
3.keep down
The people have been kept down for years by a brutal regime.人们已在暴政下被奴役多年。（压制，奴役）
The government is trying to keep down inflation.政府正试图控制通货膨胀。（控制，防止）
4.keep off
I’m trying to keep off fatty foods.我正在试着不吃脂肪的食物。（回避，避免）They lit a fire to keep off wild animals.他们点燃火把以使野生动物无法靠近。（使某人/某物不接近）
5.keep on继续
6.keep to sth.
He kept to his room for the first few days of term.这个学期的头几天，他一直待在自己的房间里。（留在某个位置，不离开）
I’m resigning—but keep it to yourself！我会辞职——但你自己知道就行了，不要说出来。（遵守，信守，对……保守秘密）
7.keep up
The rain kept up all afternoon.整个下午都在下雨。（持续不变）
The high cost of raw materials is keeping prices up.较高的原料价格使商品价格居高不下。（居高不下）
keep sb.up使某人熬夜
pay
1.pay back还款；报复惩罚
I’ll pay him back for making me look like a fool in front of everyone.他让我在大家面前像个傻子，我要报复他。（报复）
2.pay in
Have you paid the cheque in yet？你把支票存入银行了吗？（存入）
3.pay off
We paid him off at the end of the week.我们在周末给他算清工资后就把他解雇了。
（付清工资解雇）
4.pay out
I paid out a lot of money for that car.我为那辆车付出了一大笔钱。（付出大笔款项）
5.pay up偿还（欠款），全部付清
pick
1.pick at磨蹭着吃；揪，扯
2.pick off
Snipers were picking off innocent civilians.狙击手逐个瞄准无辜百姓射杀。（逐个瞄准射击）
3.pick out
She picked out a scarf to wear with the dress.她挑选了一条围巾以配上她穿的衣服。
（精心挑选）
4.pick up
Sales have picked up 14%this year.全年的销售增加了14%。（好转，改善）
All I seem to do is cook，wash and pick up after the kids.我所做的全部工作是做饭、洗衣以及在孩子屁股后收拾。（收拾，整理）
The bus picks up passengers outside the airport.公共汽车在机场外接旅客。（接载）
A lifeboat picked up survivors.救生艇在营救生还者。（营救，搭救）
He was picked up by the police and taken to the station for questionings.他被警察逮捕，并被带到派出所审问。（逮捕，抓捕）
He picked up the phone and dialed the number.他拿起电话拨号。（拿起）
We were able to pick up the BBC World Service.我们能收听到BBC world service的节目。（接受信号、节目）
He picked up French when she was living in Paris.她在巴黎生活期间学会了法语。（学到，得到）
Scientists can now pick up early symptoms of the disease.科学家现在能辨认疾病的早期症状。（辨认）
I picked up my coat from the cleaner on the way home.我在回家的路上到洗衣店取回衣服。（取回）
I seemed to have picked up a terrible cold from somewhere.我好像从什么地方染上了重感冒。（感染）
pick up the trails of animals追寻动物的踪迹
pick up the theme again回到本题
I picked up the faint sound of a car in the distance.我觉察到远处汽车微弱的声音。（察觉，发现）
pull
1.pull back
Their sponsors pulled back at the last minutes.他们的赞助人在最后一刻打了退堂鼓。（打退堂鼓）
They pulled back a goal just before half-time.下半场结束前他们扳回一球。（挽回局势）
2.pull down拆毁
3.pull through
The doctors think she will pull through.医生认为她会痊愈的。（恢复，痊愈）It’s going to be tough but we’ll pull through it together.这件事会很困难，不过我们会协力完成的。（完成，做成）
put
1.put sth.aside
They decided to put aside their differences.他们决定将分歧搁在一边。（搁置，不理睬）
2.put away
She has a few thousand dollars put away for her retirement.她攒了几千美元；留作退休后使用。（积攒）
He must have put away a bottle of whisky last night.他昨晚一定是喝了一瓶威士忌。
（猛吃、喝）
3.put back
Poor trading figures put back our plans for expansion.贸易数据极差，我们扩张的计划因此推迟。（延迟，推迟）
Remember to put your clock back tonight because the time has officially changed.记得把时钟拨慢，因为官方时间已更改。（拨慢时间）
4.put down
The novel is so interesting that I couldn’t put it down.小说很精彩，我一看起来就无法释卷。（放下）
The meeting’s on the 22nd.Put it down in your diary.会议日期是22号，记在日记里。
（写下）
The military government is determined to put down all opposition.军人政府决定镇压所有反对者。（镇压，平定）
The cat is so miserable that we had to have it put down.这只猫现在太痛苦了，我们不得不给它用药物结束生命。（用药物结束生命）
5.put forward拨快时钟；提出（建议）
6.put off
The match had to be put off because of the heavy rain.比赛因大雨而推迟。（取消）
The sudden noise put me off my game.突然的噪声让玩游戏的我分神了。（使分神）
7.put on
Due to lack of regular exercise，I have put on several kilos.因为缺乏锻炼，我增重了几公斤。（增加体重）
A foreign drama club is putting on a new drama in Beijing.一个外国戏剧俱乐部在北京上演一场新戏剧。（举办，上演）
8.put out
Firefighters soon put the fire out.消防员很快扑灭了大火。（扑灭）
The plant puts out 500 new mobile phones a week.工厂一周可以生产500部新手机。（生产，制造）
Police have put out a description of the man at large.警察公布了这名在逃犯的情况。（公布）
take
1.take after（在外貌、性格等方面）与（父、母等）相像
2.take apart拆（机器）
3.take away
I was given some pills to take away the pain on the back.给我开了一些药，可以消除我的背痛。（解除，消除）
4.take back
The picture took me back to my childhood.这张图片让我回忆起童年时代。（使回想起）
5.take down拆除，写下
6.take in
The old woman took in those homeless children.这位老妇人收留了这些无家可归的孩子。（收留）
He listened very attentively，taking in every word the professor said.他听得十分认真，把教授的每一句话都领会了。（吸收）
7.take off起飞，脱下，模仿
8.take on
The city has taken great changes recently and takes on a new look.这座城市进来变化巨大，呈现出崭新的面貌。（呈现）
She was taken on as a trainee.她被雇用了。（雇用）
9.take out
The fine will be taken out of your salary.罚款将从你的工资中扣除。（扣除）
It is very awful for me to take out teeth.拔牙真是太难过了。（切除，摘除）
10.take over接管
11.take to
I’ve taken to go to bed very early.我养成了早睡的习惯。（养成……习惯）
He hasn’t taken to his new school.我对这所新学校产生了好感。（对……产生好感）
12.take up
Lap tops will not take up much room.笔记本电脑占用空间较小。（占地方）