语法基础知识
在阅读理解测试部分，有些考生无法理解作者原意，而且文章中的长难句经常成为考生理解文章的最大障碍。对此，考生的单词量是一个重要因素。另外很重要的一点就是语法知识的欠缺，它使得考生在基本上每个单词都认识的情况下，还是无法弄懂句子、段落甚至文章的含义。概括来说，影响阅读理解的语法知识可归纳为：非谓语动词、复合句以及特殊句式。下面将这三个方面的相关语法知识总结如下：
1.非谓语动词
在英语语法中，按照动词在句中充当的成分，分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。在阅读理解中，解开长难句复杂关系的难点之一就是如何判断句中的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。考生可通过下面的自测题来检测自己对非谓语动词语法知识的掌握情况。
1.—The last one____pays the meal.
—Agreed！
A.arrived B.arrives C.to arrive D.arriving
2.I smell something____in the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute？
A.burning B.burnt C.being burnt D.to be burnt
3.At the beginning of class，the noise of desks____could be heard outside the classroom.
A.opened and closed B.to be opened and closed
C.being opened and closed D.to open and close
4.After a knock at the door，the child heard his mother’s voice____him.
A.calling B.called C.being called D.to call
5.There is nothing more I can try____you to stay，so I wish you good luck.
A.being persuaded B.persuading
C.to be persuaded D.to persuade
6.The Town Hall____in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.
A.to be completed B.having been completed
C.completed D.being completed
7.The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft，the most recent____at the end of last March.
A.has been launched B.having been launched
C.being launched D.to be launched
8.John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work____，he gladly accepted it.
A.finished B.finishing C.having finished D.was finished
9.“Things____never come again！”I couldn’t help talking to myself.
A.lost B.losing C.to lose D.have lost
10.—Can I smoke here？
—Sorry.We don’t allow____here.
A.people smoking B.people smoke
C.to smoke D.smoking
11.He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them____in his lectures.
A.interested B.interesting C.interest D.to interest
12.____that she didn’t do a good job，I don’t think I am abler than her.
A.To have said B.Having said C.To say D.Saying
13.She wants her paintings____in the gallery，but we don’t think they would be very popular
A.display B.to display C.displaying D.displayed
14.The flowers his friend gave him will die unless____every day.
A.watered B.watering C.water D.to water
15.The children went home from the grammar school，their lessons____for the day.
A.finishing B.finished C.had finished D.were finished
16.Because air pollution has been greatly reduced，this city is still.
A.a good place to live B.a good place for living in
C.a good place to be lived in D.a good place to live in
17.Did you smell something？
A.having burnt B.to have burnt C.burning D.to be burning
18.I don’t mind____the decision as long as it is not too late.
A.you to delay making B.your delaying making
C.your delaying to make D.you delay to make
19.____from the outer space，our earth looks like a water-covered ball.
A.Having seen B.Seeing
C.Seen D.Having been seen
20.____in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.
A.The girl was educated B.The girl educated
C.The girl’s being educated D.The girl to be educated
答案：1-5 CACAD 6-10 CBAAA 11-15 ABDAB 16-20 DCBCD
非谓语动词语法知识重点简要回顾
1.非谓语动词的形式
例如：
I.have many things to do.不定式做定语修饰things
Seeing these pictures，he thought of those days in Beijing.现在分词seeing做状语
Cheating should be banned thoroughly in exams.动名词cheating做主语
The teacher came into the room，followed by two students.过去分词followed做伴随状语
He is a man loved by all.过去分词loved做定语修饰man
Ⅱ.非谓语动词所做的成分
Ⅲ.不定式
（1）做主语
To complete the 24-storied building in 10 months was a great achievement.
在10个月内建成一座24层的大楼是个伟大的成就。
不定式作主语时常把it放在句首作形式主语，而将不定式移到谓语后面；It was a great achievement to complete the 24-storied building in 10 months.
不定式的逻辑主语（for/of+代词/名词），意义有所差别；It was brave of him to dive from the cliff.（=He was brave to dive from the cliff.）It is necessary for you to listen to other people’s advice.（=It is necessary that you listen to other people’s advice.）
常用of的形容词：careless，clever，considerate，foolish，good，impolite，kind，naughty，nice，silly，stupid。
（2）做动词宾语
I hope to improve my English gradually.
I promised not to tell anyone about it.
They asked how to get to the railway station.
后接不定式做宾语的常用动词（往往表示请求、要求、选择、决定、打算、企图等）：
afford agree ask attempt beg bother care choose
claim consent decide demand desire expect fail fear
hesitate intend plan manage learn pretend offer pledge
prepare refuse resolve determine threaten undertake wish hope
（3）做宾语补足语
His mother advised him not to go out at night.
I asked him to give me a hand.
（4）做后置定语
I never think that I can get the opportunity to work abroad one day.
（5）做表语
The task is to clear up these dishes.
（6）做表语补足语
The water is unfit to drink.
Ann is easy to get along with.
（7）做目的状语
He stopped twice，and leaned on his cane to rest.
He moved to the front row so as to hear the speaker better.
（8）做结果状语
He returned home after the long journey only to find that his house had been broken into.
IV.动名词
（1）做主语
Milking for once is not a hard work.
It’s no use crying over spilt milk.
（2）做宾语
I don’t mind telling you the truth.
Let’s stop arguing.
①只能接动名词做宾语的常用动词如下，可通过下列口诀辅助记忆：
喜欢考虑与避免（enjoy，consider，avoid）
停止放弃太危险（stop，quit，risk）
承认理解很值得（admit，understand，be worth）
幻想想象莫拖延（fancy，imagine，delay，postpone）
要求完成时期望（require，finish，look forward to）
建议继续勤操练（suggest，keep on，practice）
不禁原谅是坚持（can’t help，excuse，insist on）
继续成功不弃嫌（go on，succeed in，mind）+deny
②下列特殊句型中要用动名词的形式
It is no use（no good，no point，no sense，a waste of time等名词）+（in）doing sth.
It is good（nice，interesting，useless等形容词）+（in）doing sth.
There is no point（use，sense，good等名词）+（in）doing sth.
Have difficulty（trouble，problem，pleasure，a difficult time）+（in）doing sth.
例如：
It’s simply a waste of time and money seeing that movie.
There is no point in my going out to date someone.
I find it no good advising him to go with us.
③有些动词后既可以接doing也可以接to do，但有区别，如下所示：
forget to do/forget doing
Don’t forget to bring pen and paper for the quiz.考试时别忘了带笔和纸。
I’ll never forget meeting you the first time.我永远不会忘记我们的第一次见面。
remember to do/doing
Remember to take the medicine after dinner.记得饭后吃药。
I remember switching off the light before I left.我记得我走前关灯了。
regret to do/doing
I regret to tell you that you failed the exam.我很遗憾告诉你你考试不及格。
I regret having said that rude word to him.我后悔对他说了粗话。
stop doing/to do
He stopped writing and had a talk with me.他停下笔，和我聊起天来。
He stopped to have a rest.他停下来，休息一下。
mean doing/to do
His nodding means agreeing.他点头意味着同意了。
He meant to do that work by himself.他打算自己做那份工作。
try doing/to do
We try to finish the task on time.我们试图按时完成任务。
She tried making a dress by herself，but she failed.
她试着自己做衣服，但没成功。
Like/dislike doing/to do
I like watching TV every night，but I don’t like to watch TV this evening because I
am busy.每天晚上我都喜欢看电视，但今晚我不想看了，因为太忙。
V.分词
（1）做宾补
Do you see the dark cloud hovering over the surface of the earth？
The shop girl’s good intention left the old man feeling better than before.
（2）做定语
All people involved have been questioned.
The factory making trucks is located at the foot of the mountain.
（3）做状语
表时间
Turning around，she saw Tom in tears.
表原因
Being ill，he couldn’t go to class.
Seriously injured，Allen was rushed to the hospital.
表让步，由although/though，even if/though引入放句首
Even if coming by the subway，you’ll need 45 minutes to get here.
Although given the best medical care，he died.
表条件
Unless asked to answer questions，the pupils were not supposed to talk in Mrs Smith’s class.
If going there by plane，we’ll have to pay twice as much.
表伴随
Singing and laughing，the pupils came into the room.
He sat in an armchair，watching TV.
固定短语
generally（strictly，etc.）speaking judging from/by talking of allowing for/considering taken as a whole barring assuming/supposing according to owing to taking everything into consideration leaving
on one side generally/frankly/roughly/strictly/honestly speaking
（4）分词的独立主格结构
①分词可有其独立的逻辑主语
②常是名词或代词主格置于分词前
③常作句子状语，置于句首或句尾
The river having risen in the night，the crossing was impossible.
Weather permitting，we’ll have the match tomorrow.
The work done，we went home.
2.名词性从句
根据名词性从句所充当的成分，可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
自测题
1.Although there are many predictions about the future，no one knows for sure____the world would be like in 50 years.
A.how B.that C.which D.what
2.I don’t think Mr.Watson will come here again today.Please give the ticket to____comes here first.
A.whomever B.whom C.who D.whoever
3.Undoubtedly，____wins the election is going to have a tough job getting the economy back on its feet.
A.anyone B.who C.whoever D.everyone
4.It is a great pity for____to be any quarrel in the school board meeting.
A.where B.here C.there D.why
5.They want to know____do to help us.
A.what can they B.what they can
C.how they can D.how can they
6.These photographs will show you____.
A.what does our village look like B.what our village looks like
C.how does our village look like D.how our village look like
7.Can you make sure____the gold ring？
A.where Alice had put B.where did Alice put
C.where Alice has put D.where has Alice put
8.Go and get your coat.It’s____you left it.
A.there B.where C.there where D.where there
9.____the 2012 Olympic Games will be held in London is not known yet.
A.whether B.if C.whenever D.that
10.It worried her a bit____her hair was turning grey.
A.while B.that C.if D.for
11.he said at the meeting astonished everyone present.
A.when B.what C.how D.that
12.we cannot get seems better than____we have.
A.What，what B.What，that C.That，that D.That，what
13.The fact____he has made great progress in this term is quite clear.
A.why B.if C.what D.that
答案：1-5 D D C C B 6-10 B C B A B 11-13 B A D
名词性从句语法知识重点简要回顾
I.主语从句
分为由that引导的主语从句（that不可省）和由wh-引导的主语从句。例如：What they are after is profit.
That he is a rich man is known to all.
When we shall have our sports meeting is still a question.
Whether we’ll go outing depends on the weather.
Ⅱ.宾语从句
分为由that引导的宾语从句（that可以省）和由wh-引导的宾语从句。例如：Let’s see how we can raise our efficiency.
I don’t doubt that they’ll be able to overcome the difficulty.
She was never satisfied with what she had achieved.
Ⅲ.表语从句
分为that引导的表语从句（that不可省）和wh-引导的表语从句。例如：
This is what I want to say.
The fact is that she pretended to be ill yesterday.
IV.同位语从句
that引导的同位语从句（that不可省）
wh-引导的同位语从句
（1）同位语从句在句中做名词的同位语，用以说明这些名词所表示的具体内容。例如：An order came that all villagers must leave the village.
（2）同位语从句与定语从句的区别：如果从句所修饰的名词在从句中充当成分，就是定语从句，反之就是同位语从句。例如：
An order that you gave us is right.（定语从句）
He has the hope that he’ll become a college student.（同位语从句）
3.定语从句
自测题
1.All of the plants now raised on farms have been developed from plants____in the wild.
A.once they grew B.that once grew
C.they grew once D.once grew
2.Scientists can predict regions____new species are most likely to be found.
A.where B.when C.why D.how
3.The only thing____really matters to the parents is how soon their children can return home.
A.what B.that C.which D.this
4.The Mona Lisa，in Italy，is now in the Louvre，a museum in Paris.
A.who painted B.who was painted
C.which painted D.which was painted
5.The parents were much kinder to their youngest child than they were to the others，____，of course，made the others jealous.
A.which B.that C.what D.who
6.The symbols of mathematics____we are most familiar are the signs of addition，subtraction，multiplication，division and equality.
A.to which B.which C.with which D.in which
7.is often the case with a new idea，much initial activity and optimistic discussion produce no concrete proposal.
A.It B.Which C.As D.That
答案：1-5 B A B D A 6-7 C C
定语从句语法知识重点简要回顾
I.定语从句的定义
修饰名词的从句（修饰名词的句子成分是定语）。例如：
He is a man who is loved by all.
定语从句修饰名词man
Ⅱ.定语从句的分类
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（主句和从句之间用逗号隔开）。例如：
She is the nurse who looks after my sick mother.（限制性定语从句）
Football，which is a very interesting game，is played all over the world.（非限制性定语从句）
Ⅲ.定语从句的组成部分
注：关系词所起的作用：
①引导从句
②代替先行词在从句中充当成分
关系代词与关系副词的关系：介词+关系代词=关系副词请拆分下面的定语从句
先行词为nurse，who为关系代词并且代替nurse在从句中充当主语。
②Do you know the man I spoke to？
③Do you know the man to whom I spoke？
④Football，which is a very interesting game，is played all over the world.
⑤The book you lent me is very interesting.
⑥The knife with which I used to cut the bread is very sharp.
⑦She is the student whose mother is a teacher.
⑧I’ve lost the dictionary whose cover is blue.
⑨The day will come when the people all over the world will win liberation.
⑩I visited the school where my mother taught English ten years ago.
⑪Do you know the reason why he left here？
4.状语从句
自测题
1.You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting____you don’t mind taking the night train.
A.if B.unless C.though D.until
2.____pollution control measures tend to be money consuming，many industries hesitate to adopt them.
A.Although B.However C.When D.Since
3.____urgent the situation may be，you will need to make one change at a time，and then move on.
A.As B.Whenever C.However D.Whatever
4.I admit that the problems are difficult，I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.
A.When B.Where C.While D.Why
5.The ATMs enable bank customers to access their money 24 hours a day and seven days a week____ATMs are located.
A.wherever B.whenever C.however D.whatever
6.It was____good weather that we all want to go out for a traveling.
A.so B.such C.because D./
7.Although it was raining，still worked in the fields.
A.but they B.and they C.they D.and yet they
8.I haven’t decided____I should attend that meeting or not.
A.if B.that C.whether D.why
9.the weather is fine，I open all the windows.
A.as B.for C.because of D.since that
10.You can also do something great____you work very hard at it.
A.as long as B.as far as C.whether D.so that
11.you have promised him，you should keep your promise.
A.now that B.when C.after D.for
12.I was speaking to Ann on the phone about our tour plan____suddenly we were cut off.
A.that B.while C.before D.when
答案：1-5 A D C C A 6-10 B C C A A 11-12 A D
状语从句语法知识重点简要回顾
I.状语从句的分类
分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句、条件状语从句。
Ⅱ.时间状语从句
（1）引导时间状语从句的连词：when，while，as，before，after，until，till，as soon as，no sooner
than，since，hardly
when，scarcely
when
①when引导的时间状语从句的动词既可以是延续性动词，又可以是瞬间动词
It was 9 o’clock when I got home.
The doorbell rang when my mother was cooking in the kitchen.
②while所引导的时间状语从句的动词只能是延续性动词
While we were watching TV，he came in。
③as所引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是延续性动词，或是侧重两个动作的同步，“一边，一边”
As the children walked along the street，they sang happily.
④when的特殊用法：when=at that time something happened suddenly正在那时突然……
I had just started back for the house to change my clothes when I heard the strange voices.
⑤while的特殊用法：表示对比，译成“而”She likes pop music，while her brother likes light music.
while，译为“虽然”
While I understand your viewpoint，I don’t agree with you.
（2）since&before
①It is+一段时间since表示一段时间的起始点，“自从”
It is+一段时间before表示一段时间的终止点
It is three years since I began to study here.
It was three years before we met again.
②如果since引导的时间状语从句中的动词是延续性动词，意为否定
It’s a long time since Jack lived here.杰克早不在这儿住了。
It’s a year since I smoked.我已经有一年不吸烟了。
It’s been years since I enjoyed myself so much as last night.我已经有很多年没有像昨晚那么痛快了。
③before，译为“就，才”
It wasn’t long before the fire went out.没过多久，火就熄灭了。
I hadn’t gone much farther before I caught up with her.没走多远，我就赶上了。
（3）hardly
when，no sooner
than，scarcely
when一……就……
We had hardly got into the country when it began to rain.
我刚一进村子就下雨了。
=Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain.否定词置句首，部分倒装
He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.
=No sooner had he arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.
（4）not
until直到……才……
She didn’t stop crying until her mother came back yesterday.
①强调句型
It was not until her mother came back that she stopped crying.
②倒装结构
Not until her mother came back，did she stop crying.
（5）其他
Directly I had done it，I knew I had made a mistake.
The moment（that）I saw you，I knew you were angry with me.
Immediately he saw the police，he ran away.
Ⅲ.地点状语从句
Make a mark where you have any doubt or question.
区分定语从句和地点状语
Put the book where it used to be.（地点状语从句）
I visited the factory where my father worked before.（定语从句，先行词the factory在从句中充当地点状语）
IV.原因状语从句
（1）引导原因状语从句的连词：because，as，since，now that because：回答why，不与so连用since=as=now that表示众所周知、显而易见的理由，在彼此已知道的事做理由陈述时使用，意为“既然”
Since/As/Now that you are here，let’s start the meeting.
（2）其他
Considering that they are just beginners，they are doing quite a good job.（考虑到）
Seeing he refused to help us，there is no reason why we should now help him.（鉴于）
（3）for（并列连词），表原因时，意在解释说明
I caught a cold，for I had been walking around in the rain.
V.目的状语从句
（1）引导目的状语从句的连词：so that，in order that，in case，for fear that，etc.
Let’s take the front seats so that/in order that we may see more clearly.
You’d better take more clothes in case it is cold.（以免，以防）
He hid his jewelry for fear that it would be stolen.
（2）表目的的其他说法
to do，in order to do，so as to do（不能放在句首）
So as to catch the bus，he got up early.（×）
He got up early so as to catch the bus.（√）
VI.结果状语从句
（1）引导结果状语从句的连词：so
that
，such
that
，so
as to do
（2）such
that
&so
that
①含义：如此……以至于……
②引导结果状语从句
③句型：such+a/an+a.+名词单数+that
=so+a.+a/an+名词单数+that
such+a.+名词复数+that
such+a.+不可数名词+that
so+a.+that
The teacher set such a difficult examination question that none of us worked it out.
=The teacher set so difficult an examination question that none of us worked it out.
特别关注：注意区分结果状语从句和定语从句
It is so cold outside that I don’t want to go out.
④当名词前有many，much，few，little修饰时，用so而不用such
The house cost so much money that we didn’t buy it.
VⅡ.让步状语从句
（1）引导让步状语从句的连词：though，although，even if，even though，-ever，no matter wh-，as，while
①though=although“虽然”，不与but连用，可以与yet，still连用
He still went there，though he didn’t feel very well.
②no matter wh-&-ever
No matter where you are，you should work out.
However late he is，his mother will wait for him to have a dinner together.
=No matter how late he is，
（2）as引导的让步状语从句
①a./ad.
Clever as he is，he never works hard.
Much as I admire his courage，I don’t think he acted wisely.
②v.
Try as he does，he never seems able to do the work beautifully.
③n.
Child as he is，he has a lot of knowledge.
VⅢ.比较状语从句
同级比较a s
a s
或so
as
（多用于否定句中）。例如：
Jim is not quite as good a student as his sister.
She is almost as happy here as she was at home.
The horse is getting old and can’t run as/so fast as did.
IX.方式状语从句
as意为“按照，像”。例如：
Please do it as I tell you to.
As Americans like baseball，the British like soccer.
X.条件状语从句
（1）引导条件状语从句的连词：if，unless，as long as（只要），注意从句的将来动作用一般现在时表示
As long as you study hard，you’ll get good results.
Unless he comes，I won’t come here.
（2）其他
We’ll let you use the room on condition that/provided that you keep it clean and tidy.
5.虚拟语气
测题
1.If they had sent a check to the telephone company last week，their telephone____out of service at this moment.
A.will not be B.will not have been
C.would not be D.would not have been
2.____before we departed last weekend，we would have had a wonderful dinner party.
A.Had they arrived B.Would they arrive
C.Were they arriving D.Were they to arrive
3.Had Paul received six more votes in the last election，he____our chairman now.
A.must be B.would have been
C.shall be D.would be
4.Both approaches require that the actor____his or her own personal values as well as the character’s.
A.must understand B.should understand
C.has to understand D.need to understand
5.It is requested that all the students____present at the meeting tomorrow.
A.were B.will be C.are D.be
6.The extensive survey suggested that their assumptions____totally wrong.
A.were B.be C.was D.would be
7.A recent survey suggested that if money were not an issue，most mothers____not to work at all.
A.should prefer B.prefer
C.would prefer D.preferred
8.We are sure that____to do this face to face，he would find it difficult to express himself without losing his temper.
A.were he to try B.would he try
C.was he trying D.if he tries
9.Had I been you，I an umbrella with me.
A.would take B.had taken
C.would have taken D.will take
10.This result suggested that his plan____something wrong.
A.should have B.have
C.has D.has had
11.today，he would get there by Friday.
A.would he leave B.was he leaving
C.were he to leave D.if he leaves
12.The law requires that everyone____his car checked at least once a year.
A.has B.had
C.have D.have to have
答案：1-5 C A D B D 6-10 A C A C C 11-12 A C
虚拟语气语法知识重点简要回顾
I.虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
条件句的分类 真实条件句：假设的情况有可能发生
虚拟条件句：纯然假设的情况或是发生的可能性不大
Ⅱ.虚拟条件句的应用
（1）一般情况
①与现在事实相反。例如：
If I had much money，I would buy a house.
If you were me，how would you deal with the problem？
②与过去事实相反。例如：
If the hurricane had happened during the daytime，there would have been many more deaths.
③与将来事实相反。例如：
If I failed/should fail/were to fail，I would try again.
（2）错综复杂时间条件句：有时条件从句所表示的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致。例如：
If the weather had been more favorable，the crops would be growing still better.
注：从句为过去的动作，主句是现在的动作
Amy would be alive today if the doctor had come sooner last night.
注：从句为过去的动作，主句是现在的动作
（3）if条件句中if的省略（部分倒装）。例如：
If we had made enough preparations，we would have succeeded.
→Had we made enough preparations，we would have succeeded.
If there would be a flood，what should we do？
→Should there be a flood，what should we do？
（4）表示假设的其他方式。例如：
Without music，the world would be a dull place.
We could have done better under more favorable conditions.
Ⅱ..wish的名词从句的虚拟语气
（1）用法：“退后一个时态”现在→过去
过去→过去的过去
将来→过去的将来
I wish I remembered the address.
We wish we had paid more attention to our pronunciation.
I wish he would try again.
（2）同样用法的其他句型
as if=as though似乎，好像……
if only要是……就好了
They talked as if they had been friends for years.
The teacher has loved students as if they were her children.
If only I had listened to your advice.
If only I hadn’t lost it.
IV.（should）+do
（1）suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，desire，insist（建议、命令、要求、坚持）的名词性从句
I suggest that he（should）give up smoking.
My suggestion is that he（should）give up smoking.
It is suggested that he（should）give up smoking.
My suggestion that he（should）give up smoking was supported by his parents.
特例：suggest“建议”用虚拟语气（should）do“暗示”不用虚拟语气
Her surprised impression suggested she didn’t know that.
insist“要求”用虚拟语气（should）do“坚持认为”不用虚拟语气
I insist that I’m right.
（2）It’s a pity，It’s a shame，It’s incredible，It’s strange，It’s no wonder，It’s natural等主语从句中 It is a great pity that he should be so conceited.
It’s incredible that he should have finished the work so soon.
6.倒装
自测题
1.Not until recent years____a popular means of communication.
A.e-mail became B.e-mail has become
C.did e-mail become D.will e-mail become
2.____shall we forget the day when we received the admission into Harvard University.
A.No time B.Never C.No sooner D.Nonetheless
3.Scarcely____those words when suddenly the monster was transformed into a very handsome youth.
A.had he uttered B.did he utter
C.he had uttered D.he did utter
4.Only by understanding the Web deeply____hope for people to grasp its full potential.
A.can there be B.can be there C.be there can D.there can be
5.____will Mr.Forbes be able to regain control of the company.
A.With hard work B.As regards his hard work
C.Only if he works hard D.Despite his hard Work
6.The price here are much higher than in some other stores.Never again____here.
A.I will shop B.will I shop C.shop I D.I do shop
7.Only____solve this problem.
A.I can B.can I C.am I D.I am
8.Not only____face it，but also____try to conquer it.
A.we should，we should B.should we，should we
C.we should，should we D.should we，we should
9.Under his arm____a pair of shoes which he had bought from the shop.
A.is B.are C.were D.was
答案：1-5 C B A A C 6-9 B A D D
倒装语法知识重点简要回顾
I.倒装语序
完全倒装（主语和谓语倒装，主谓→谓主）
部分倒装（只是谓语相应的助动词提前）
Ⅱ.完全倒装
（1）由引导词there引起的句子（there be句型中）。例如：
There are many people in the park.
（2）由there，here等词引起，谓语为come，go的句子。例如：
There comes the bus.
特例：当句子的主语为代词时，不倒装。例如：
Here you are.
There he comes.
（3）由then引起，谓语为come等词的句子。例如：
Then came a new difficulty.
特例：当句子的主语为代词时，不倒装。
（4）以out，in，up，down，away等副词在句首表强调。例如：
Up went the arrow into the air.
特例：当句子的主语为代词时，不倒装。例如：
Down it flew.
Away they went.
（5）表语置于句首“表语+系动词+主语”。例如：
表语可以是：
①介词短语
On either side were rows of trees.
②形容词
Very important in students’life is hard-working.
③副词
Below is a restaurant.
④过去分词
Seated on the ground are a group of young men.
⑤现在分词
Watching the performance were mostly foreign guests.
（6）以so，nor，neither开头的句子，谓语所表示的情况也适合于另一个人，注意助动词的选择。
例如：
He went swimming yesterday.So did I.
He has learned English for 4 years.So have I.
He can’t drive a car.Nor/Neither can I.
特例：如果只是重复前面一句话的意思，不倒装。例如：
It was cold yesterday.So it was.
Ⅱ..部分倒装
（1）省略了if的虚拟条件句（had，were，should开头）。例如：Were she here，she would support the plan.
Had I been informed earlier，I could have done something.
Should anyone call，tell him to wait for me here.
（2）某些表示祝愿的句子。例如：
May you succeed.
（3）as的让步状语从句。例如：
（4）表示“一……就”的特殊句型No sooner
than
Hardly
when
Scarcely
when
（5）Not until的句型。例如：
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
（6）含有否定意义的词放在句首。例如：
Never shall I forget it.
Little did he know who she was.
（7）做状语的only短语位于句首时。例如：
Only in this way can you work out the problem.
特例：当only修饰主语时不倒装。例如：
Only a teacher can do it.
（8）So
that句型中的so+a./ad.位于句首时。例如：
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.
7.强调句型
（1）强调句型只有it is/was两种形式。
（2）区分强调句型和it为形式主语的主语从句。例如：
It is important that we should get good command of English.
It is English that we should get good command of.