长难句专项练习

（三）长难句专项练习

1.A person may relay his or her feelings，thoughts，and reactions through body positioning，body contact，body odors，eye contact，responsive actions，habits，attitudes，interests，state of health，dress and grooming，choice of life-style，and use of talents—in fact，through everything the individual says or does.

【单词】relay传递；body odors体味；grooming打扮，装束。

【结构分析】此句较长的原因在于through后面的并列宾语内容较多。句子主干为：A person relay his or her feelings，thoughts and reactions through everything the individual says or does.

【参考译文】一个人可以通过身体姿势、身体接触、体味、眼神的交流、回应举动、习惯、态度、兴趣、身体状况、衣着服饰、生活方式的选择以及才能的运用，实际上通过所有这个人所做所说来传递他或她的感受、看法以及反应。

2.The degree to which a person is able to communicate depends upon the extent of his or her conscious awareness，priority of need，and control of this process.

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【单词】conscious awareness意识觉知。

【结构分析】此句中which引导的定语从句使句子主干的主语与谓语分开，主谓应该为：the degree depends on

【参考译文】一个人能够交流的程度取决于他或她意识觉知的内容、需要的优先以及对于这个过程的控制。

3.The person often projects fears and fantasies onto others，so that no matter what the real content is of the messages that others relay，the messages received are threatening ones.

【单词】project投掷，发送，project sth onto sb.将……加诸……；fantasy幻想。

【结构分析】so that引导结果状语从句，在该结果状语从句中no matter what引导状语从句，这个状语从句中that others relay是定语从句，修饰messages。

【参考译文】一个人经常将恐惧和幻想加诸别人身上，这样无论别人传递的信息真正内容是什么，这个人接收到的信息都是感到有威胁性的。

4.Unless such a block is removed shortly after happening，it can have profound and complicating effects that will distort emotional and mental growth and arrest the development potential of the individual.

【单词】block妨碍；profound深远的；complicating复杂的；distort扭曲，歪曲；arrest阻止。

【结构分析】unless引导条件状语从句，在主句中that will distortand arrest为定语从句，修饰effect。

【参考译文】除非这样的障碍在其发生后不久就被消除，否则它会产生深远且复杂的影响。这样的影响将会扭曲情感和心理方面的成长，也会阻碍一个人潜能的开发。

5.Without the vaccines created by doctors，disease such as polio，measles，hepatitis，and the flu would post a threat to our citizens，for although some of these diseases may not be deadly，their side effects can be a vast detriment to an individual affected with the disease.

【单词】vaccine疫苗；polio小儿麻痹症；measles麻疹；hepatitis肝炎；detriment损害。

【结构分析】without引导的介词短语相当于由if引导的虚拟条件句。such as后面为并列列举diseases。for引导表原因的并列句。在这个并列句中although引导让步状语从句。an individual affected中的affected为过去分词做定语修饰individual。

【参考译文】如果没有医生们发明的疫苗，疾病例如小儿麻痹症、麻疹、肝炎以及流感将会威胁到我们的公民，因为尽管这些疾病可能不致命，但它们的副作用对患病人却造成莫大的伤害。

6.Without the presence of this machine，our world could exist，but the conveniences brought into life by the computer are unparalleled.

【单词】unparalleled空前的，无比的。

【结构分析】without引导的介词短语相当于由if引导的条件虚拟句，brought into life不是谓语动词，而是过去分词做conveniences的定语。

【参考译文】如果没有这个机器的出现，我们的世界或许还存在，但计算机带给我们生活的便利是史无前例的。

7.Research now indicates that blind and sighted people display the same skill at locating a sound’s origin when using both ears，but some blind people can home in on sounds more accurately than their sighted counterparts when all have one ear blocked.Canadian scientists describe the work in the Sept.17 Nature.

【单词】indicate指出；counterpart配对物；home in on sth.把（注意力等）集中于……

【结构分析】在that blind and sighted people display引导的宾语从句中，using为现在分词做状语，when all have one ear blocked为状语从句。

【参考译文】如今，研究表明：当使用两只耳朵定位声源时，盲人和有视力的人显示出同样的技能，但是当他们的一只耳朵被堵住时，一些盲人的注意力要比同样测试的有视力的人更能准确地集中在声音上。加拿大科学家在9月17日《自然》杂志上对此有所描述。

8.A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well，from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.

【单词】antiscience tag反科学的标签；attached to将……系在……；elimination消除；smallpox天花。

【结构分析】主句主干结构为：A surveyreveals。that引导reveal的宾语从句。宾语从句的主干为the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups from authoritiesto Republicans.在宾语从句中，who advocated the elimination是定语从句，修饰authorities；而who advocates decreased是另一个定语从句修饰Republicans。

【参考译文】1996年的一篇新闻报道调查显示，反科学的标签也可以贴在许多其他团体上，从鼓吹要消灭最后残留的天花病毒的组织机构到主张削减基础研究经费的共和党人。

9.The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens，whatever their special conditions，deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.

【单词】exceptional children特殊儿童；deserve to值得，应受。

【结构分析】句子主语为great interest，谓语为indicates。shown为过去分词修饰interest。the strong feeling为indicate的宾语从句。在宾语从句中，that all citizens为同位语从句，whatever their special conditions为插入语。

【参考译文】在过去30年间，公共教育中对特殊儿童的极大兴趣表明我们社会中人们的一种强烈感受，即无论公民处于多么特殊的境地，所有人都应该有充分发挥自身才能的机会。

10.Even the folk knowledge in social systems on which ordinary life is based in earning，spending，organizing，marrying，taking part in political activities，fighting and so on，is not very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the social system derived

from the social sciences，even though it is built upon the very imperfect samples of personal experience.

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【单词】dissimilar相异的；sophisticated久经世故的；derive from从……由来。

【结构分析】主句主语为folk knowledge，谓语为系表结构is not very dissimilar from，derived from为过去分词短语做定语修饰images。even though为让步状语从句。

【参考译文】甚至在基于普通生活的社会体系中，在挣钱、花钱、结社、结婚、参加政治活动及战争等方面的大众知识与那些从社会学衍生而来的社会体系中更高深的描绘并没有很大的不同，尽管这一结论是基于个人经历中那些极不完美的例子。

11.Foods and medicine，also classified according to their reputed intrinsic nature as Yin（cold） and Yang（hot），may be taken therapeutically to correct the imbalance resulting from ill health，or to correct imbalance due to the overindulgence in a food manifestly excessively “hot”or“cold”，or due to age or changed physiological status（for example，pregnancy）.

【单词】reputed有名气的；intrinsic内在的；therapeutically治疗地；overin- dulgence过度嗜好；manifestly明白地。

【结构分析】主语为food and medicine，这个主语由过去分词短语classified修饰；谓语为may be taken therapeutically，两个不定式to correct为并列结构做目的状语；两个due to为介词短语表原因，且由or连接。

【参考译文】根据其普遍认可的内在性质，食物和药品也被分为“阴”（凉性）和“阳”（热性）；在治疗学上，它们可以用来治疗由疾病引起的失调，也可治疗因过度嗜好过热或过冷食品而引发的身体失衡，或治疗因年龄或生理变化（如怀孕）所带来的身体失调。

12.It is information systems that affect the scope and quality of health care，make social services more equitable，enhance personal comfort，provide a greater measure of safety and mobility，and extend the variety of leisure forms at one’s disposal.

【单词】scope范围；equitable公正的；mobility活动性；at one’s disposal任某人支配。

【结构分析】此句为强调句型，强调的内容为information system，affect、make、enhance、provide、extend为并列谓语。

【参考译文】正是信息系统影响着人们医疗保健的范围和质量，它使社会服务更加公正，它提高了个人的舒适度，为安全和自由行动采取更多的措施，并根据个人的意愿增加闲暇活动的多样性。

13.While larger banks can afford to maintain their own data-processing operations，many smaller regional and community banks are finding that the costs associated with upgrading data-processing equipment and with the development and maintenance of new products and technical staff are prohibitive.

【单词】maintenance维护；prohibitive禁止的。

【结构分析】while引导让步状语从句，主句主干为banks are finding，后面紧跟一个由that引导的宾语从句，在该宾语从句中，主语为costs，associated with为过去分词做定语，且为多个并列结构，谓语为are prohibitive。

【参考译文】尽管大银行有能力花钱来保持它们自己的数据处理正常运行，但是许多小的地区银行和社区银行却发现：与更新数据处理设备、发展和维护新产品以及技术人员费用等有关的成本费用高不可攀；而且技术人员的费用也非常昂贵。

14.The point at which tool using and tool making acquire evolutionary significance is surely when an animal can adapt its ability to manipulate objects to a wide variety of purposes，and when it can use an object spontaneously to solve a brand-new problem that without the use of a tool would prove insoluble.

【单词】evolutionary进化的；manipulate操纵，使用；spontaneously自然地，本能地；insoluble无法解决的。

【结构分析】句子的框架是“The pointiswhenand when”。两个when引导的从句为并列的表语从句。at which tool using and tool making acquire evolutionary significance为定语从句修饰主语the point；第二个when引导的表语从句中也有that引导的定语从句修饰a brand-new problem。

ability to manipulate objects译为“操纵物体的能力”；“a brand-new problem that without the use of a tool would prove insoluble”中without和insoluble为双重否定，可译成肯定句。

【参考译文】当动物能够使自己操纵物体的能力适用于更广泛的目标范围，并且能够自发地使用物体解决只有通过工具才能解决的崭新问题时，工具的使用和制造就肯定达到了具有进化意义的阶段。

15.At the same time，the American Law Institute—a group of judges，lawyers，and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight—issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.

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【单词】substantial实质的；tort law民事侵权法；bombard炮轰，轰击。

【结构分析】主语为the American Law Institute，谓语为issued，“a group of”为插入语。stating为现在分词，“that companies need not”为state的宾语从句。

【参考译文】与此同时，美国法律研究所——由一群法官、律师和理论专家组成，他们的建议分量极重，发布了新的民事伤害法令指导方针，宣称公司不必提醒顾客注意显而易见的危险，也不必连篇累牍地一再提请他们注意一些可能会出现的危险。