真题演练与解析
Reading Comprehension（30%）
Directions：In this part there are six passages，each of which is followed by five questions.For each question there are four possible answers marked A，B，C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One
In a society where all aspects of our lives are dictated by scientific advances in technology，science is the essence of our existence.Without the vast advances made by chemists，physicists，biologists，geologists，and other diligent scientists，our standards of living would decline，our flourishing，wealthy nation might come to an economic depression，and our people would suffer from diseases that could not be cured.As a society we ignorantly take advantage of the amenities provided by science，yet our lives would be altered interminably without them.
Health care，one of the aspects of our society that separates us from our archaic ancestors，is founded exclusively on scientific discoveries and advances.Without the vaccines created by doctors，diseases such as polio，measles，hepatitis，and the flu would pose a threat to our citizens，for although some of these diseases may not be deadly，their side effects can be a vast detriment to an individual affected with the disease.
Yet another aspect of science，discoveries of the world beyond us，has increased our knowledge and contributed to our culture.Such discoveries were once viewed as an impossible task，but the technology brought to life by NASA employees has accomplished this aspiration，and numerous others.In addition，science has developed perhaps the most awe-inspiring，vital invention in the history of the world，the computer.Without the presence of this machine，our world could exist，but the conveniences brought into life by the computer are unparalleled.
Despite the greatness of present-day innovators and scientists and their revelations，it is requisite to examine the amenities of science that our culture so blatantly disregards.For instance，the light bulb，electricity，the telephone，running water，and the automobile are present-day staples of our society；however，they were not present until scientists discovered them.
Because of the contributions of scientists，our world is ever metamorphosing，and this metamorphosis economically and personally comprises our society，whether our society is cognizant of this or not.
61.In the first paragraph the author implies that we____.
A.would not survive without science
B.take the amenities of science for granted
C.could have raised the standards of living with science
D.would be free of disease because of scientific advances
62.The author uses health care and vaccines to illustrate____.
A.how science has been developed
B.what science means to society
C.what the nature of science is
D.how disease affects society
63.Nothing，according to the author，can match the invention of the computer in terms of____.
A.power B.novelty C.benefits D.complexity
64.The author seems to be unhappy about____.
A.people’s ignorance of their culture
B.people’s ignoring the amenities of science
C.people’s making no contributions to society
D.people’s misunderstanding of scientific advances
65.The author’s tone in the passage is____.
A.critical B.cognizant C.appreciative D.paradoxical
Passage Two
Biotechnology is expected to bring important advances in medical diagnosis and therapy，in solving food problems，in energy saving，in environmentally compatible industrial and agricultural production，and in specially targeted environmental protection projects.Genetically altered microorganisms can break down a wide range of pollutants by being used，for example，in bio-filters and wastewater-treatment facilities，and in the clean-up of polluted sites.Genetically modified organisms can also alleviate environmental burdens by reducing the need for pesticides，fertilizers，and medications.
Sustainability，as a strategic aim，involves optimizing the interactions between nature，society，and the economy，in accordance with ecological criteria.Political leaders and scientists alike face the challenge of recognizing interrelationships and interactions between ecological，economic，and social factors and taking account of these factors when seeking solution strategies.To meet this challenge，decision-makers require interdisciplinary approaches and strategies that cut across political lines.Environmental discussions must become more objective，and this includes，especially，debates about the risks of new technologies，which are often ideologically charged.In light of the complex issues involved in sustainable development，we need clearer standards for orienting and assessing our environmental policies.In this context I consider the current work on indicator models as a means to assess and monitor the success of sustainability strategies，to be of great significance.
Sustainable development can succeed only if all areas of the political sector，of society，and of science accept the concept and work together to implement it.A common basic understanding of environmental ethics is needed to ensure that protection of the natural foundation of life becomes a major consideration in all political and individual action.A dialogue among representatives of all sectors of society is needed if appropriate environmental policies are to be devised and implemented.
66.Biotechnology____.
A.can help save energy and integrate industry and agricultur
B.can rid humans of diseases and solve food problems
C.can treat pollution and protect environment
D.all of the above
67.Wastewater can be treated____.
A.in genetic engineering
B.by means of biotechnology
C.in agriculture as well as in industry
D.without the need for breaking down pollutants
68.When he says approaches and strategies that cut across political lines，the author means that they____.
A.involve economic issues B.observe ecological criteria
C.are politically significant D.overcome political barriers
69.It can be inferred from the passage that the complexity of sustainable development.
A.makes it necessary to improve the assessing standards
B.renders environmental discussion possible
C.charges new technologies risks
D.requires simplification
70.The success of sustainable development lies in____.
A.its concept to be
B.good social teamwork
C.appropriate environmental policies
D.the representatives of all sectors of society
Passage Three
Folk wisdom holds that the blind can hear better than people with sight.Scientists have a new reason to believe it.
Research now indicates that blind and sighted people display the same skill at locating a sound’s origin when using both ears，but some blind people can home in on sounds more ccurately than their sighted counterparts when all have one ear blocked.Canadian scientists describe the work in the Sept.17 Nature.
Participants in the study were tested individually in a sound-insulated room.They faced 16 small，concealed loudspeakers arrayed in a semicircle a few feet away.With a headrest keeping their heads steady，the participants pointed to the perceived origins of the sounds.
The researchers tested eight blind people，who had been completely sightless from birth or since a very early age.They also tested three nearly blind persons，who had some residual vision at the periphery of their gaze；seven sighted people wearing blindfolds；and 29 sighted people without blindfolds.All participants were tested beforehand to ensure that their hearing was normal.
When restricted to one-ear，or monaural，listening，four of the eight blind people identified sound sources more accurately than did the sighted people，says study coauthor Michel Pare，a neuroscientist at the University of Montreal.The sighted people showed especially poor localization of sounds from the speakers on the side of the blocked ear.
In sighted people who can hear with both ears，“The brain learns to rely on binaural [stereo]cues.These data suggest that blind people haven’t learned that and keep monaural cues as the dominant cues，”says Eric I.Knudsen，a neurobiologist at Stanford University School of Medicine.“I find it surprising.”
71.One thing is sure that participants in the study____.
A.had normal hearing B.were born blind
C.wore blindfolds D.were divided into two groups
72.Under what conditions，according to Pare，did the blind testers perform better than their sighted counterparts？
A.When both used one ear.
B.When the speakers were concealed.
C.When the sounds were tuned down.
D.When both were restricted to blindfolds.
73.Knudsen explained the better hearing on the part of the blind in term of____.
A.cognitive psychology B.visual images
C.binaural cues D.monaural cues
74.The Canadian scientists did their test to answer the question whether____.
A.the blind can hear as well as the sighted
B.the blind have hearing capabilities
C.blind people track sounds better
D.folk wisdom is educational.
75.What Folk wisdom holds in the passage____.
A.was scientifically tested in Canada and U.S.，with different results produced
B.has been scientifically verified
C.merits further investigation
D.is surprising to everyone
Passage Four
It used to be that a corporation’s capital consisted of tangible assets such as buildings，machines，and finished goods.But，in the information economy，value has shifted rapidly from tangible to intangible assets，such as management skills and customer loyalty.But how do you measure intangible assets？
Karl Erik Sveiby began trying to answer that question as a magazine publisher in Sweden and went to become Scandinavia’s leading authority on knowledge-based businesses.In his latest book，The New Organizational Wealth，he offers insights into valuing and managing intangible assets.
Noting that Microsoft Corporation，the world’s largest software firm，once traded at an average share price of$70 at a time when its book value was$7，Sveiby asks：“What is it about Microsoft that makes it worth 10 times the value of its recorded assets？What is the nature of that additional value that is perceived by the market but not recorded by the company？”
Sveiby’s answer is intangible assets，which he defines as employee competence，internal structures（systems，patents，etc.），and external structures（customer and supplier relationships and the organization’s image）.Because of these factors，it follows that owners hold a kind of intangible equity in the company，in addition to tangible assets such as cash and accounts receivable.
Since knowledge is a key intangible asset，the ability to transfer knowledge from one employee to another，or from outside sources to employees，is a key business capacity，in Sveiby’s view.The greater the transfer of knowledge，the more overall employee competence improves.The best method for transferring knowledge，says Sveiby，is through direct experience with a subject rather than simply listening to someone or reading about it.
Experience enables learning more than overt teaching because people acquire knowledge tacitly，by observation and listening in an unstructured environment.And，he adds，people will more readily learn from an activity if they enjoy it.
Once the flow of information within an organization is managed properly，the competence of the organization increases，and the relations with customers improve.But Sveiby also points out that knowledge and information are not the same thing.Information has no value until it becomes integrated knowledge and therefore useful.
76.In the information economy，it is a challenge____.
A.to place a high value on intangible assets
B.to transfer tangible into intangible assets
C.to change the concept of assets
D.to quantify intangible assets
77.Microsoft Corporation，in Sveiby’s view____.
A.is skillful at managing intangible assets
B.creates most intangible assets in the world
C.does not hold any tangible，but much intangible assets
D.possesses much additional intangible assets recognized by the market
78.The transfer of knowledge which is a key intangible asset，according to Sveiby____.
A.has much to do with overall employee competence
B.is best done through hands-on experience
C.reflects business capacity
D.all of the above
79.Integrated knowledge，information____.
A.begins to spread within an organization
B.will lose much of its value
C.will remain useful forever
D.is an intangible asset
80.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage？
A.Knowledge as Capital. B.Exploding Knowledge.
C.The Power of Knowledge. D.Information and Knowledge.
Passage Five
High-speed living has become a fact of life，and the frantic pace is taking its toll，according to science writer James Gleick.It’s as if the old“Type A”behaviour of a few has expanded into the“hurry sickness”of the many.
“We do feel that we’re more time-driven and time-obsessed and generally rushed than ever before，”writes Gleick in Faster：The Acceleration of Just About Everything，a survey of fast-moving culture and its consequences.We may also be acting more hastily，losing control，and thinking superficially because we live faster.
Technology has conditioned us to expect instant results.Internet purchases arrive by next-day delivery and the microwave delivers a hot meal in minutes.Faxes，e-mails，and cell phones make it possible and increasingly obligatory—for people to work faster.Gleick cites numerous examples of fast-forward changes in our lives：stock trading and news cycles are shorter；sound bites of presidential candidates on network newscasts dropped from 40 seconds in 1968 to 10 seconds in 1988；and some fast-food restaurants have added express lanes.
High expectations for instant service make even the brief wait for an elevator seem interminable（漫长的）.“A good waiting time is in the neighborhood of 15 seconds.Sometime around 40 seconds，people start to get visibly upset，”writes Gleick.We’re dependent on systems that promise speed but often deliver frustration.Like rush-hour drivers fuming when a single accident halts the evening commute，people surfing the Internet squirm if a Web page is slow to load or when access itself is not instantaneous.And the concept of“customer service”can become an oxymoron（逆喻）for consumers waiting on hold for a telephone representative.
Uptempo living has turned people into multitaskers—eating while driving，writing an e-mail while talking on the phone，or skimming dozens of television programs on split screen.Gleick suggests that human beings may be capable of adjusting to these new levels of stimuli as high-speed culture challenges our brains“in a way they were not challenged in the past，except perhaps in times of war.”We may gain the flexibility to do several things at once but lose some of our capacity to focus in depth on a single task.
81.With living pace getting quicker and quicker，the number of those of“Type-A”behaviour is____.
A.on the rise B.out of control
C.on the decline D.under investigation
82.High-speed living brings about the following consequences，exclusive of____.
A.superficial thinking B.lose of control
C.waste of time D.more haste
83.The best conclusion can be drawn from the 3rd paragraph is that____.
A.technology is building a fast-moving culture
B.we are living in the age of information
C.economy is booming with technology
D.the frantic pace is taking its toll
84.As the author implies，the faster we live____.
A.the less we do B.the less patient we are
C.the more time we save D.the more efficient we have
85.Living faster and faster，the multitaskers tend____.
A.to scratch the surface of a thing
B.to do things better at the same time
C.to be flexible with their time schedules
D.to have intense concentration on trivial things
Passage Six
Eating is related to emotional as well as physiologic needs.Sucking，which is the infant’s means of gaining both food and emotional security，conditions the association of eating with well-being or with deprivation.If the child is breast-fed and has supportive body contact as well as good milk intake，if the child is allowed to suck for as long as he or she desires，and if both the child and mother enjoy the nursing experience and share their enjoyment，the child is more likely to thrive both physically and emotionally.On the other hand，if the mother is nervous and resents the child or cuts him or her off from the milk supply before either the child’s hunger or sucking need is satisfied，or handles the child hostilely during the feeding，or props the baby with a bottle rather than holding the child，the child may develop physically but will begin to show signs of emotional disturbance at an early age.If，in addition，the infant is further abused by parental indifference or intolerance，he or she will carry scars of such emotional deprivation throughout life.
Eating habits are also conditioned by family and other psychosocial environments.If an individual’s family eats large quantities of food，then he or she is inclined to eat large amounts.If an individual’s family eats mainly vegetables，then he or she will be inclined to like vegetables.If mealtime is a happy and significant event，then the person will tend to think of eating in those terms.And if a family eats quickly，without caring what is being eaten and while fighting at the dinner table，then the person will most likely adopt the same eating pattern and be adversely affected by it.This conditioning to food can remain unchanged through a lifetime unless the individual is awakened to the fact of conditioning and to the possible need for altering his or her eating patterns in order to improve nutritional intake.Conditioning spills over into and is often reinforced by religious beliefs and other customs so that，for example，a Jew，whose religion forbids the eating of pork，might have guilt feelings if he or she ate pork.An older Roman Catholic might be conditioned to feel guilty if he or she eats meat on Friday，traditionally a fish day.
86.A well-breast-fed child.
A.tends to associate foods with emotions
B.is physiologically and emotionally satisfied
C.cannot have physiologic and emotional problems
D.is more likely to have his or her needs satisfied in the future
87.While sucking，the baby is actually.
A.conscious of the impact of breast-feeding
B.interacting with his or her mother
C.creating a nursing environment
D.impossible to be abused
88.A bottle-fed child____.
A.can be healthy physiologically，but not emotionally
B.cannot avoid physiologic abuse throughout life
C.is deprived of emotional needs
D.is rid of physiological needs
89.From the list of eating habits，we learn that.
A.everyone follows his or her eating pattern to death
B.one’s eating pattern varies with his or her personality
C.there is no such things as psychosocial environments
D.everybody is born into a conditioned eating environment
90.A Jew or an older Roman Catholic____.
A.takes a eating habit as a religious belief
B.is conditioned to feel guilty of eating pork in his or her family
C.cannot have a nutritional eating habit conditioned by religious beliefs
D.observes a eating pattern conditioned by his or her psychosocial environment
答案及解析
Passage One
61.【答案】C
【解析】题目为：作者在第1段向人们暗示了什么：A.没有科学我们无法生存下去；
B.把科学带来的便利视为理所当然；C.通过科学我们可以提高生活水平；
D.因为科学进步人们不再被疾病困扰。结合第1段最后一句话可知：没有科学，我们的生活将改变得非常缓慢，故A项不成立；最后一句话前半部分提到，我们在生活中无视科学带来的便利，故B项非暗示；结合第1段第2句话；没有……所带来的巨大进步，我们的生活水平会下降……人们将会遭受无法治愈的病痛。由此可知，D项非暗示，而且意思过于绝对，故C项为正确答案。
62.【答案】B
【解析】题目为：作者使用医疗以及疫苗为了阐述什么？A.科学是如何发展起来的；B.科学对于社会意味着什么；C.科学的本质是什么；D.疾病如何影响社会。此题解题要联系全文主旨，通篇文章讲述科学对我们生活方方面面的影响和作用。因而第2段中的这两个例子也是为了例证文章中心思想，因而B为正确选项。
63.【答案】C
【解析】题目为：根据作者观点，在哪个方面没有任何东西可以与计算机的发明相媲美。此题解题要点在第3段最后一句话，这句话的关键词为convenience“便利”，因而近义选项为C。
64.【答案】B
【解析】题目为：作者对于什么感到不满。A.人们对文化的无知；B.人们忽视科学的便利设施；C.人们对社会毫无贡献；D.人们对科学进步的误解。此题出处在第4段第1句。
65.【答案】C
【解析】此题问作者的语气。A项critical“批判的”；B项cognizant“认知的”；C项appreciative“感激的”；D项paradoxical“荒谬的”。全文提到没有科学的进步和发展，人类生活的方方面面就会受到影响，因而作者对于科学以及科学发展持感激的态度。
Passage Two
66.【答案】D【解析】此题问生物技术的作用和影响，解题出处在第1段。
67.【答案】B
【解析】此题问污水如何处理。第1段第4行Genetically altered microorganisms can break down a wide range of pollutants by being used，for example，in bio-filters and wastewater-treatment facilities，and in the clean-up of polluted sites.提到了污水的治理，而这句话体现了生物科技的作用和影响，因而正确选项为B，意为“通过生物科技手段”。
68.【答案】D
【解析】题目中的原句是在第2段的第5行。这句话的前一句话阐述了政治家和科学家同样面临识别生态、经济和社会因素之间相互关系和相互作用的挑战，并且当他们寻求解决办法的时候，他们同样面临考虑这些因素的挑战。题目出处进一步阐述为了迎接这一挑战，决策者们需要跨学科的且冲破政治界限的方法和技巧。答案为D。
69.【答案】A
【解析】答案出处为第2段最后一句话。
70.【答案】B
【解析】此题解题出处为最后一段的第1句话，即各方面要合作执行。
Passage Three
71.【答案】A
【解析】此题出处为第4段最后一句话。
72.【答案】A
【解析】此题原文出处为第5段第1句话。
73.【答案】D
【解析】首先根据人名确定答案在最后一段，然后根据这个专家的话语可以得出正确选项。
74.【答案】C
【解析】Canadian scientists的出处在第2段，他们的这个试验就是要证明第1段的说法，并且第1段最后一句话也说明他们的试验就是要证明上述观点。
75.【答案】B
【解析】根据不同科学家和专家的论证，这一观点得到了科学试验的证实。
Passage Four
76.【答案】D
【解析】题目为：在信息经济中，什么是挑战。原文第1段第2行提到B选项，但这是一个事实，而不是要面临的挑战。此题解题原文信息在第1段的最后一句话。measure与D项中quantify为近义词。因而D项为近义改写。
77.【答案】D
【解析】此题是关于Sveiby对微软公司的阐述。与解题有关的原文信息是此段落中Sveiby的话：什么使得微软公司后市值达到其记录在案的资产价值的十倍？由市场认定但不是公司记录的额外价值的性质是什么？根据这句话只有D项符合原文信息。
78.【答案】D
【解析】此题为细节题，解题的原文信息在第5段，从第2句话开始。
79.【答案】
【解析】原文信息在最后一段的最后一句话，大意是：信息直到成为整合型的知识，才有价值，因而才是有用的。
80.【答案】A
【解析】此题为主旨题。全文第一段提到如何衡量无形资产，接下来以微软公司为例，最后进一步讨论知识作为无形资产……，故全文在讲知识和资产。
Passage Five
81.【答案】A
【解析】此题解题信息在第1段最后一句话：the old“Type A”behavior of a few
into
of the many.
82.【答案】C
【解析】题目为：高速生活给我们带来的结果，除了选项中哪一个。第2段最后一句话讲述因为生活节奏加快，我们会有什么样的结果。对比原文信息，只有C选项原文没提到，故为正确选项。
83.【答案】A
【解析】题目是测试第3段大意。此段落的第1句话为段落的主旨句，科技使得我们更希望即时的结果。对比原文信息，A为正确选项。
84.【答案】B
【解析】原文信息在第4段。这个段落提到了由于想得到快速服务的期望使得我们等电梯的短短的时间都显得很漫长。上网时页面打开得慢，也会使得上网人心情烦躁，坐立不安。这些事例都在说明，生活节奏加快，人们的耐心随之减少。B为正确选项。
85.【答案】A
【解析】根据题干关键词，相关原文信息在最后一段的最后一句：我们可以立刻十分灵活地做几件事情，但我们失去了在一件事情上面的深入关注。A项scratch the surface of a thing的含义为“只触及某事的表面”，是原文信息的近义改写。
Passage Six
86.【答案】B
【解析】根据题干重要关键词在第1段第3行开始提到母乳喂养的婴儿。对比相关信息，the child is more likely to thrive both physically and emotionally，选项B为近义改写。
87.【答案】B
【解析】原文信息在第1段3句话，其大意是，如果婴儿可以喝多久就喝多久，而且婴儿和妈妈都在享受这个过程，分享他们彼此的快乐，那么孩子就很可能在身心上都得到很好的发展。这说明喂奶的过程是和妈妈交流的过程，故选项B正确。
88.【答案】A
【解析】原文信息在第1段“
will begin to show signs of emotional disturbance at an early age.”。
89.【答案】D
【解析】原文信息在最后一段，第1句为主题句。
90.【答案】D
【解析】原文信息在最后一段，最后两句话。这道题属于例证处命题，本题出现在例子中，故应该直接找到例子要证明的观点。文章最后一段第1句就是主旨句，故选项D正确。