Part C Grammar
名词性从句（Noun Clause）
名词性从句之所以得名，是由于它的功能相当于一个名词。名词可以作主语、表语、宾语或同位语，因此名词性从句也分为主语从句，表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句四种。
1. 主语从句（The Subject Clause）
主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语。主语从句是陈述句时用连接词that，一般疑问句作主语时用连词whether，特殊疑问句作主语时用连接代词who, what, which，或连接副词when, where,how, Why等。
e.g. That he will come to the party is certain.
Who did the work is unknown.
What we were considering was how we could improve our methods.
Whether she has arrived in London is still doubtful.
It is a pity that we can’t go.
Which team will win the match is a matter of public concern.
使用主语从句时的注意点：
（1） 主语从句放在句首，句子常显得笨重，因比一般把它移到句子后面，前面用引导词it来作形式主语。
e.g. It is certain that he will come to the party.
It is doubtful whether she will come to the party.
It doesn’t matter too much whether she will be able to go with us.
It is not known if I will be free tomorrow.
（2） 主语从句如果用连接代词what, whatever, whoever等来引导，表示的是一个具体的事物或人，这种主语从句不能用引导词it来替换。
e.g. What he said gave me great confidence.
Whatever we do must be in the interests of the people.
（3） 如果句子是疑问句形式，就只能用带it的结构。
e.g. Isn’t it good news that Tom is coming back tomorrow?
Is it decided when we shall leave for Beijing?
2. 表语从句（The Predicative Clause）
表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语。引导表语从句的词有连词that, whether, as if，连接副词when, where, why等。
e.g. This is what we want.
The question is whether it is worth doing.
The weather is not what it was yesterday.
The problem is how he can finish the task in time.
It looks as if it were going to rain.
3. 宾语从句（The Object Clause）
它可以作为谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词和非谓语动词（动词不定式、动名词、分词）和某些形容词的宾语。引导宾语从句的连词有that，whether/if，连接代词或副词who，what，which，when，where等。
e.g. I’m sure that our experiment will succeed.
I’d like to know whether he will be able to help us.
Do you know who/whom they are waiting for?
She was satisfied with what she had achieved.
I want to know whether you still study in Beijing University.
I think (that) you are right.
4. 同位语从句（The Appositive Clause）
作某些名词的同位语的句子，称作同位语从句。这些名词常见的有fact，news，idea，truth，suggestion，hope，question，problem，doubt等。引导同位语从句的连词一般有that和whether等。
e.g. We heard the news that our team had won.
We all know the truth that the earth goes round the sun.
He asked me the question whether he will leave.
The problem whether he is right or wrong has not yet been decided.
使用同位语从句的注意点：
（1） 同位语从句用来说明名词所表示的具体内容。
e.g. She made a promise that she would buy a present for her son on his birthday.
There is no doubt that Mr. John is sure to come this evening.
（2） 定语从句用来说明名词的性质特征，所用关系代词that 是从句的一个成分。试比较：
e.g. He put forward the suggestion that the second question should be discussed first. （同位语从句）
The suggestion that he had put forward was turned down. （定语以句）
（3） 同位语从句中的连词无论什么时候均不能省略。倘若定语从句的关系代词在从句中充当动宾或介宾，往往可省略（但介词放在关系代词前例外）。
e.g. You must do everything (that) I do. （定语从句）
that在从句中充当do的宾语，可以省略。
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. （同位语从句）
that在从句中不充当任何成分，不能省略。整个从句说明fact的具体内容。(https://www.daowen.com)
（4） 引导同位语从句中的that和引导宾语从句的that不同，前者不能省略而后者可以省略。
e.g. The news that he didn’t pass the exam surprised us greatly. (that不可省)
He told me that he had written three articles in English. (that可省略)
Exercises
Task One Tell what kind of clause each sentence is.
1. I don’t know if I can do it.
2. What he is doing seems very difficult.
3. The important thing is how we can improve our studies.
4. Mr. Li always thinks of how he can do more for the people.
5. The news that she was pretending to be sick was whispered from one to the other.
6. I was surprised at what he said.
7. That’s what you are going to do first.
8. It is a pity that we can’t go.
9. When the sports meet is to be held is still under discussion.
10. Here comes the news that some foreigners from America will visit our school.
Task Two Choose the best answer for each of the sentences.
1.________makes his shop different is that it offers more personal services.
A. What B. Who
C. Whatever D. Whoever
2. — It’s 30 years since we last met.
— But I still remember the story, believe it or not,________we got lost on a rainy night.
A. which B. that C. what D. when
3. See the flags on top of the building? That was________we did this morning.
A. when B. which C. where D. what
4. — Could you do me a favor?
— It depends on________it is.
A. which B. whichever
C. what D. whatever
5. These shoes look very good. I wonder________.
A. how much cost they are B. how much do they cost
C. how much they cost D. how much are they cost
6. Doris’ success lies in the fact________she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.
A. which B. that C. when D. why
7. Mary wrote an article on________the team had failed to win the game.
A. why B. what C. who D. that
8. Do you know________is actually going on in the classroom?
A. that B. what C. as D. which
9. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and________it is rough or smooth.
A. / B. whether C. how D. what
10. Danny left word with my secretary________he would call again in the afternoon.
A. who B. that C. as D. which
Grammar Bank
I. Complete the following sentences.
1.______________________________（我们下次见面的时间和地点） has not been decided yet.
2. The fact______________________________（锻炼有益健康）is known to us all.
3. Do you know______________________________（他们在寻找什么）?
4. It does not matter______________________________（他们今天到还是明天到）.
5. Their plan is______________________________（用三天完成这项工作）.
6.______________________________（他是否出过国）doesn’t make much difference.
7. Could you tell me______________________________（我怎样才能申请到奖学金）?
8. With the rapid development of science and technology, I can’t imagine______________________________（我的家乡会是什么样子） in ten years.
9.______________________________（谁第一个登上月球）is clear to us.
10. The teacher is not satisfied with______________________________（我所说的）.
Task Two Error correction.
