Part C Grammar
状语从句（Adverbial Clause）
在复合句中作状语的句子叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等9种。
1. 时间状语从句
这种从句可由when, while, as, before, after, as soon as, till (until), since, once等从属连词引导。
e.g. I will come to see you when I have time next month.
Once a beginning is made, the work is half done.
【难点解释】
（1） 时间状语从句中的谓语动词不能用任何一种将来时态，只能用现在时态或过去时态表示将来。
e.g. I’ll tell you as soon as I know. (know代替shall know)
（2） hardly ... when和no sooner ... than的意义相当于as soon as，也可以引导时间状语从句，但只能用于过去时，即从句谓语动词用一般过去时，主句谓语动词用过去完成时。hardly ...when和no sooner ... than置于句首时语气较强，所以主句的谓语要部分倒装。
e.g. Hardly had he fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his elbow.
No sooner had I come home than it began to rain.
2. 地点状语从句
这种从句通常由where或wherever引导。wherever感情色彩较为强烈，多用于书面语。
e.g. Where these people went, they made their homes.
Wherever you find high wages you will generally find high price.
3. 原因状语从句
从句表示原因，通常由because, since, as, now that等从属连词引导。
e.g. He failed because he was careless.
Since we have no money, it’s no good thinking about a holiday.
4. 目的状语从句
从句表示目的，由that, so that, in order that等引导。
e.g. He got up very early that he might catch the first bus.
Let’s work harder so that we may finish our plan ahead of time.
5. 结果状语从句
从句表示结果，通常由that, so that, so ... that等引导。
e.g. We are very tired, (so) that we had better hurry home.
There were so many people (=such a lot of people) in the bus that we would not get on it.
6. 条件状语从句
从句表示条件，通常由if, unless, as long as (so long as, if only)等连词引导。
e.g. You will not advance in learning unless you are diligent.
You may use that dictionary so (as) long as you keep it clean.
7. 方式状语从句
这种从句通常由连词as, as if, as though等引导。
e.g. You must try to hold the tool as I do.
She stood at the door as if she was waiting for someone.
8. 让步状语从句
从句表示让步，通常由though, although, as, even if 等引导。另外，连词however, whatever,whoever, ... no matter how (who, what ...)也能引导。
e.g. Though he is old, he studies hard.
Even if (though) she had been very busy, she would have helped us.
【难点解释】
让步状语从句和主句之间不可再用but连接，但可用yet, still等连接副词来加强语气。
e.g. Though he was tired, yet (still) he went on working.
9. 比较状语从句
从句表示比较，通常由“比较级+than”，“as+原级as”，“not so (as)+原级+as（不如……）”等引导。这种从句总是置于主句之后，从句中常省略一些和主句中相同的成分或用替代词do或其他助动词。情态动词代替与主句相同的谓语部分，所以这种从句总是省略句。
e.g. He is cleverer than any other boy in his class.
Li Ping plays basketball as well as Xiao Wang does.
Exercises
Task One Complete each sentence with a proper conjunction.
1._______________he was speaking, everybody listened carefully.
2. You can’t learn a language well_______________you work hard.
3. You may keep the book_______________you wish.
4._______________the method doesn’t work, let’s try another.
5. I shall go to bed_______________I have finished my work.
6._______________he comes tomorrow, I shall ask him where he has been.
7._______________he’s old, he can still carry this heavy bag.
8. John didn’t wake up_______________he heard the alarm clock.
9. He walked_______________he was drunk.
10. I hurried_______________I wouldn’t be late for class.
Task Two Choose the best answer for each of the sentences.
1. — Do you know if he________to play basketball with us?
— I think he will come if he________free tomorrow.
A. comes, is B. comes, will be
C. will come, is D. will come, will be
2. The police asked the children________cross the street________the traffic lights turned green.
A. not, before B. don’t, when C. not to, until D. not, after(https://www.daowen.com)
3. I was late for class yesterday________there was something wrong with my bike.
A. when B. that C. until D. because
4. In the exam, the________you are, the________mistakes you will make.
A. careful, little B. more careful, fewest
C. more careful, fewer D. more careful, less
5. You should finish your lessons________you go out to play.
A. before B. after C. when D. while
6. When you read the book, you’d better make a mark________you have any questions.
A. which B. that C. where D. though
7. The teacher raised his voice________all the students could hear him.
A. for B. so that C. because D. in order
8. He took off his coat________he felt hot.
A. because B. as C. if D. since
9. It is________that we’d like to go out for a walk.
A. a lovely day B. too lovely a day
C. so lovely a day D. such lovely a day
10.________well you can drive, you must drive carefully.
A. So long as B. In order that
C. No matter how D. The moment
Grammar Bank
Task One Complete the sentences with adverbial clauses.
1. 不管他跟我开什么玩笑，我都不生气。
I am not angry with him,________________________jokes he________on me.
2. 布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切，以至于学生们把她当做母亲。
Mrs Bruce was________kind to her students________they________her________their mother.
3. 只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满意我们的表现。
Our parents will be pleased with our performance________________________we try our best.
4. 你一到上海就给我打个电话好吗？
Will you please call me________________________you get to Shanghai.
5. 这个七岁的女孩酷爱钢琴，以至于她已经坚持练习两年了。
The seven-year-old girl likes playing the piano________________________she has kept practicing for two years.
6. 虽然她很忙，但还坚持自学英语。
________, she kept on learning English by herself.
7. 他长大后想当一名记者。
He wants to be a journalist________________________________.
8. 无论刮风下雨，我们的老师总是第一个到校。
________windy or rainy, our teacher is always the first to get to school.
9. 如果人人为保护环境做出贡献，世界将会变得更美好。
________to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.
10. 李明昨天没来上学，因为他病了。
Li Ming didn’t come to school________________________________.
Task Two Choose the right answer for each of the sentences.
1. Write to me________you get to Beijing.
A. as soon as B. until C. till D. if
2. May I sit nearer________I can see more clearly?
A. as if B. so that C. even if D. so
3.________you work hard, you will certainly succeed.
A. Though B. If C. Because D. For
4.________he came to study in the university, he has made much progress in the study of English.
A. While B. When C. Since D. After
5. — Do you have a big library?
— No, we don’t. At least, not________yours.
A. as big as B. as big than C. as bigger than D. bigger as
6. It is________hot in the room________we have to go out for a walk.
A. such, that B. so, that C. as, as D. such, as
7. Suzhou is not________beautiful________Hangzhou.
A. as, than B. so, as C. even, than D. /, than
8. Please answer the question in a loud enough voice________all the class may hear.
A. so that B. or C. in order to D. and
9. He has________an interesting book that we want to read it.
A. so B. such C. the same D. as
10.________she is very old,________she can still work eight hours a day.
A. Because, so B. Though, but C. As, yet D. Though, yet
Task Three Error correction.
