1.2 THEPLANNING OF MEMOS
Like business letters，most memos follow a direct organization plan.The steps in organizing a direct plan memo are：identifying and stating the main points，planning the order of supporting points，evidence，or arguments，and finally concluding with suggestions for future action or requesting guidance of future action.
Occasionally，however，you may find it necessary to write a bad-news or persuasive memo.When you communicate bad news，you expect to arouse strong feelings of disappointment.The goal of the bad-news strategy then is to avoid adding anger and ill will to the disappointment your reader will feel.The bad-news strategy can be used when both of the following conditions occur：
●When the message is expected to upset the reader significantly.
●When minimizing bad feelings is worth the extra time and cost.
Most bad-news messages begin with some comments designed to put the reader in a neutral，reasonable，rational frame of mind for the reasoning that follows.The transition from the opening to the reasoning must be graceful，or the reader will realize that you are shifting gears.(https://www.daowen.com)
One way to organize the reasoning is to begin with specifics and work toward conclusions.Begin by simply stating the key facts your refusal is based on.Then show how they lead to the conclusion that you must refuse the request.
Whereas in the bad-news strategy the goal is to reduce negative emotions，in persuasion the goal is to arouse the kind of positive emotions that will motivate the audience to do what you want.
A persuasive approach to communicate is appropriate when you must get someone to do something that he or she wouldn't do if you merely requested it.To achieve your goal，you must not only provide information but also convince your audience that you are right.
The general plan for a persuasive message is as follows.The beginning sentences secure the reader's interest and present the basic motivational appeal，namely the benefit to the reader.The body justifies in detail your argument that by acting as you request，the reader will in the end get the benefit you are promising.The ending calls for action.