Lecture 3 地理入门
Word Tips
summarize v.概述，总结
planet n.行星
informed adj.见多识广的
topography n.地形学
current adj.当前的，现在的
affected adj.受影响的
bio-physical adj.生物物理的
cartography n.制图学
Listen to the following recording and answer questions 1-3.
1）A.an introduction to geography
B.the development of bio-physical geography
C.the planet and its living things
D.famous geographers
2）A.all the processes that have affected and that continue to affect the earth’s surface
B.the different kinds of relationships of people
C.the nature of the universe
D.the differences between carbon fuels and clean energy
3）A.bio-physical geography
B.topography
C.cartography
D.demography
4）A.the natural environment and all its living things
B.the shapes of the land and oceans
C.all kinds of resources and their use
D.the location，the services of the cities and the migration of its people
听力原文
So，welcome to your introductory geography lecture.We’ll begin with some basics.Firstly，what do we learn by studying geography？
Well，we learn a great deal about all the processes that have affected and that continue to affect the earth’s surface.But we learn far more than that，because studying geography also informs us about the different kinds of relationships that develop between a particular environment and the people that live there.
Okay.We like to think of geography as having two main branches.There’s the study of the nature of our planet — its physical features，what it actually looks like — and then there’s the study of the ways in which we choose to live and of the impact of those on our planet.Our current use of carbon fuels is a good example of that.
But there are more specific study areas to consider too，and we’ll be looking at each of these in turn throughout this semester.These include bio-physical geography，by which I mean the study of the natural environment and all its living things.Then there’s topography — that looks at the shapes of the land and oceans.There’s the study of political geography and social geography too，of course，which is the study of communities of people.We have economic geography — in which we examine all kinds of resources and their use — agriculture，for example.Next comes historical geography — the understanding of how people and their environments and the ways they interact have changed over a period of time — and urban geography，an aspect I’m particularly interested in，which takes as its focus the location of cities，the services that those cities provide，and migration of people to and from such cities.And lastly，we have cartography.That’s the art and science of map — making.You’ll be doing a lot of that！
So，to summarize before we continue，we now have our key answer… studying this subject is important because without geographical knowledge，we would know very little about our surroundings and we wouldn’t be able to identify all the problems that relate to them.So，by definition，we wouldn’t be in an informed position to work out how to solve any of them.
Questions：
1.What is the lecture mainly about？
2.What do we learn by studying geography？
3.Which of the following is NOT a branch of geography？
4.What does urban geography focus on？
参考译文
欢迎大家来听地理导论课程。我们将从一些基础开始。首先，我们能在地理课上学到什么呢？
嗯，我们将了解到许多会对地表产生影响并将继续产生影响的所有过程。但是我们能学到的远远不止那些，因为学习地理学也能让我们了解特定环境和居住其中的人之间的各种关系。
好吧，我们将地理学分成两大分支。既有研究地球本质，即物理特性，探索地球到底是什么样子的分支。也有研究人类选择的生活方式及其对地球的影响的分支。例如，我们目前使用的碳燃料对地球的影响就是一个典型的例子。
不过，还有许多更具体的研究领域，我们这学期将逐一涉及。这些分支包括生物物理地理学，主要研究自然环境及生活其中的所有生物。还有地形学，研究陆地和海洋形状的分支。还有政治地理学以及社会地理学。当然，这些分支主要研究人类社会。还有经济地理学，研究各种资源及其作用，如农业。接着还有历史地理学，研究人类及其所处环境，以及人与环境的互动如何随时间而改变。城市地理学，这是我特别感兴趣的分支，主要关注城市的地理位置，城市提供的服务以及城市人口的迁徙。最后，还有制图学，关于地图绘制的科学和艺术，以后大家将做许多这方面的实践。
好吧，在继续之前，我们先总结一下。我们现在知道了问题的主要答案。学习这门课程很重要，因为如果没有地理知识，我们将对周围的环境知之甚少，而且我们无法认识和周围环境有关的问题。因此，确切而言，我们将无法获得充分信息去解决这些问题。
参考答案
1.A 2.A 3.D 4.D