练习五 听力原文及解析
Section C
Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 16 to 19.
As you probably know，primary colors are，theoretically speaking，the basic colors from which all other colors can be made.The idea of primary colors，and specifically the idea of red，yellow and blue being the primary colors，didn’t exist until about 200 years ago.
Until then，the dominant theory about color was one that had been proposed by Isaac Newton .Newton gave a scientific and objective explanation of colors.He used a prism to break white light down into the various colors of the spectrum.And he theorized，rightly so，that different colors are essentially different wavelengths of light.But he made no mention of primary colors.That idea came from，or was at least published by a man named Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
Goethe was a well-known author.He wrote many famous novels，plays，poems.So why did he start thinking about colors/ Well Goethe was part of the Romantic Movement in western literature.And he was a Romantic，meaning that he explained objects and phenomena in terms of the spiritual，emotional impact they had，as opposed to explaining them in terms of their scientific nature.He believed that when we see color，it stimulates our emotions，and different colors appeal to or inspire different emotions in different people.Goethe conducted a number of experiments trying to figure out which colors corresponded to which emotions.And in terms of that goal，he wasn’t very successful.But his experiments actually did show a lot about the relationships between colors themselves，about how colors change when placed next to other colors，about how they interact with one another.But Goethe wasn’t really able to establish a clear connection between colors and emotions.
Then in 1806，he received a letter from a relatively unknown German artist，a painter named Philipp Otto Runge.In the letter，Runge outlined his own color theory，specifically the connections he made between colors and emotions.And his ideas about what colors symbolize，about the emotions that different colors inspired were based on the colors red，yellow and blue.Runge’s choice of red，yellow and blue，it had to do with Runge’s complex system of symbolism，his experience of nature，particularly with his experience of the quality of light at various times of the day，morning，noon and night.So each color had a specific symbolic value.
Well，four years later，Goethe published a book entitled Color Lesson.In Color Lesson，Goethe coincidently cites the same colors as primary colors.At this point，Goethe was already a well-known author，so he was easily able to popularize this idea of primary colors，and specifically the idea of red，yellow and blue as the primary colors.
16.What is the lecture mainly about？
A.thedevelopmentofthefirsttheoryofprimarycolors
B.the background information of Goethe’s research
C.the use of primary colors by artists，scientists and painters
D.the aspects of color theory by celebrities in history
17.What is the contribution of Isaac Newton to color study？
A.He influenced Goethe through publications made 200 years ago.
B.Hetheorizedthatdifferentcolorsareessentiallydifferentwavelengthsoflight.
C.He used a prism to break white light into three primary colors.
D.He proposed the objective explanation of primary colors.
18.What did Goethe find in his experiments with color？
A.the spiritual and emotional impact of colors on mankind
B.the correspondence of color change with emotions
C.the appeal of different colors to different emotions in people
D.theinteractionandrelationshipsbetweencolors
19.Why did Runge choose red，yellow，and blue as the three primary colors?
A.He noticed that they were favorite colors of Romantic painters.
B.He read a book by Goethe and agreed with his choice of colors.
C.Hefelttheyrepresentednaturallightatdifferenttimesoftheday.
D.He performed scientific experiments that suggested these colors.
【解析】讲座介绍了三原色理论的来源。第一题是主旨题，文中按时间顺序介绍了牛顿、歌德和朗格对颜色的认识研究与三原色理论的提出，因此答案选A。第二题是细节题，牛顿使用棱镜将太阳光分解成光谱上的不同颜色，从而得出了different colors与different light wavelengths的关系，因此答案选B。第三题是细节题，抓住experiment的结果，歌德发现了relationships between colors以及它们之间的interaction，因此答案选D。第四题是细节题，朗格对红黄蓝的选择基于其象征意义，尤其是在morning，noon and night中光线的特征，因此答案选C。
Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 20 to 22.
JUST how bad is China’s housing bubble/ One important measure — the most important for those trying to get a foot on the property ladder — is affordability.Many believe that Chinese housing prices have soared well beyond the reach of ordinary people.There is some truth to that.But a closer look at the data reveals a more complex picture.The Economist Intelligence Unit，our sister company，created a city-level index to track the relation between housing prices and incomes across China.Two points stand out.
First，the country’s biggest cities such as Beijing and Shanghai，with populations of more than 10 million，are in a class of their own in terms of unaffordability.Homes are markedly cheaper in almost all slightly smaller cities，even though they have millions of residents.The price of a 100-square-metre house is on average 14-fold higher than annual household incomes in mega-cities.For cities with populations of less than 10 million，the price to income ratio is eight.It thus makes sense for China’s cities to tailor their housing policies to their own needs；some must focus on building more subsidized homes，while others need to attract new residents to occupy their many homes now standing empty.
Second，regardless of city size，housing has become more affordable over the past four years throughout China.At the peak，in April 2010，house prices on average were nearly 12 times household incomes；that has dropped to less than nine times today.Prices are higher than in many developing countries，but they are not wildly divergent.
The apparent improvement in affordability does not tally with the perception of many Chinese.But the official price data used in constructing this index show that people are adjusting to high inner-city prices by buying homes that are ever farther from urban centers.That may not be especially painful：suburbs are increasingly well-connected by roads and railways.
The bigger concern，especially in smaller cities，is that China suffers from an oversupply of housing.So many homes have been built that prices in such cities are now declining quickly relative to incomes.That is desirable.But a big，sudden rise in affordability could pose considerable risks to the financial system，which is heavily exposed to loans made to the property sector.So far，at least，China has yet to experience the pain of a property-market crash.
20.What does housing affordability refer to?
A.the relation between housing prices in mega cities and smaller cities
B.the relation regarding affordable housing sizes and individual incomes
C.theratiobetweenhousingpricesandhouseholdincomes
D.the city-level index concerning population and housing prices
21.Which is the possible reason for some Chinese cities to tailor their housing policies?
A.toattractmoreresidentstopurchaseemptyapartments
B.to limit the construction of large-size houses
C.to improve the annual income for average people
D.to bridge the gap between housing prices in different regions
22.Based on the official data，how are people coping with high inner-city housing prices?
A.by digesting the oversupply of housing
B.by constructing more roads and railways connecting suburbs
C.by raising the affordability of many Chinese
D.bybuyingapartmentsdistantfromurbanareas
【解析】这是一篇关于目前中国房产问题的专题报道。第一题是细节题，根据报道中对affordability——经济可承受性的解释，它是指relation between housing prices and incomes，而income在后文有提及是annual household income，因此答案选C。第二题是细节题，针对price to income ratio的过高，提到了两点具体调整措施，building more subsidized homes和attract new residents to occupy their many homes now standing empty，因此答案选A。第三题是细节题，官方数据显示，因城内房价高，人们选择购买 homes that are ever farther from urban centers，确定答案选D。
Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 23 to 25.
Ladies and Gentlemen，thank you for inviting me to join you this evening for your birthday celebrations.Nearly two hundred years ago，in 1819，there were two quite monumental births.The first was monumental for my family-the birth of my great，great，great，great grandmother，Queen Victoria，who went on to live 81 years and whose daughter-in-law，Alexandra，gave her name to this amazing building.
The second remarkable birth was of an organization，which later became known as the Jewish Blind Society.Over the next two centuries，the world changed considerably.Yet there has always been one constant in the United Kingdom-a Jewish community which has organized itself to support those who need help and support.Whether in the time of the Jewish Board of Guardians，or the Jewish Welfare Board or，in our generation，Jewish Care，there is a proud story to be told of self-reliance and communal responsibility.
This common thread through history — of caring for one another and generosity of time and money — is something that many sectors of British society can be rightly proud of.But you in this room deserve particular praise.The results of your commitment to one another within the Jewish community are obvious-the real and loving care that thousands of elderly and vulnerable people receive，among the many works that you carry out.
Your care for one another has another，less tangible value.During a year when many in the Jewish community have had cause to feel under threat，for no reason other than simply the fact of your Jewishness，your unity is all the more precious.Your commitment and loyalty to one another，and to society more widely，is ultimately what keeps you strong.
I was reminded before I came here tonight that an ancestor of mine，a previous Duke of Cambridge in fact，visited the Great Synagogue in London in 1809 and attended a Sabbath service with his brothers.
It is a matter of great pride that these bonds in our society run as deep as they run long.Your care for one another is not just a feeling，but it is — as we are reminded tonight — a material fact.I know that Jewish Care is viewed as a leader in the social care field and uses its knowledge，expertise and experience to engage in the debate on high-quality care，especially in relation to dementia.
Your Holocaust Survivors Center is a second home for many people who were liberated 70 years ago from those evil places.
All of you in this room，in some way，play your part in making all this happen through this outstanding organization.Through your generosity and commitment，I am sure Jewish Care will continue to thrive and grow for the next 25 years.
Once again，congratulations on everything you have achieved.I wish you a wonderful evening and a happy birthday.
23.Why did people establish the Jewish community which is currently called Jewish Care?
A.It was organized to show that Jewish people have a long history.
B.It was established to unite Jewish people in the Kingdom.
C.Itwasorganizedtosupportthoseinneedofhelpandsupport.
D.It was established to fight against the United Kingdom.
24.What is the common thread that many sectors of British society can be rightly proud of?
A.thecaringforeachotherandgenerosityoftimeandmoney
B.the preserving of Holocaust Survivors Center
C.the loyalty to the Jewish people in economic difficulties
D.the commitment to one another，and to society
25.Why does the speaker say its care is not just a feeling，but a material fact?
A.It is a home for many people liberated from evil places 70 years ago.
B.Itusesitsknowledge，expertiseandexperiencetoengageinthedebateonhigh-qualitycare.
C.It is committed to the caring and support for elderly people.
D.It visited the Great Synagogue and attended a Sabbath service in 1809.
【解析】这是威廉王子在英国犹太护理中心周年庆典上的讲话。第一题是细节题，犹太护理中心这一机构成立的目的是为了帮助和支持那些需要帮助和支持的人，因此答案选C。第二题是细节题，能让英国上下感到骄傲自豪的贯穿历史的主线是关心他人的传统以及对时间金钱的慷慨大方，因此答案选A。第三题是细节题，英国犹太护理中心对社会的关爱是实实在在的，它用自己的知识、技能以及经验加入到提高护理质量的研讨中。确定答案选B。