Lecture 5 建筑风格
Wors Tips
detour n.兜圈子 residential adj.住宅的
peninsula n.半岛 jut v.突出，伸出
withstand v.承受，经受住 slope n.斜坡
accumulate v.积累，堆积
Listen to the following recording and answer questions 1-4.
1）A.the differences between rural and urban styles of housing
B.the reasons for popularity of a particular type of house
C.the various styles of houses that are popular in New England
D.the decorative details that are typical of houses built in New England
2）A.Because it’s a great example of form following function.
B.Because it’s very beautiful.
C.Because it has a long history.
D.Because it’s designed by a great architect.
3）A.to explain why she is interested in residential architecture
B.to explain why she knows a lot about the history of Cape Cod
C.to explain why she is familiar with Cape Cod houses
D.to explain why she enjoys visiting rural New England
4）A.the simplicity of the exterior
B.the low compact structure
C.the slope of the roof
D.facing south
听力原文
Professor：Today，we are taking a little detour from the ground styles of public architecture we’ve been studying to look at residential architectures in the United States.Since this is something we can all identify with，I think it will help us see the relationship between the function of a structure and its style or form.This has been an ongoing theme in our discussions，and we will be getting back to it in just a moment.But before we get started，I want you to take a moment to think：does anyone know what the single most popular style for a house in the United States is today？
Student：How about the kind of house my grandparents live in？ They call it a Cape Cod.
Professor：That’s the one.Here is a drawing of what we consider of a classic Cape Cod house.These days，you see this style all over the United States.But it first showed up in the U.S.northeast，in the New England region，around the late 1600s.For those of you who don’t know the northeast costal region，Cape Cod is a peninsula，a narrow strip of land that juts out into the Atlantic，and so many houses in this particular style were built on Cape Cod，that the name of the place became the name of the style.Now why did the Cape Cod style house become so popular in the northeast？ Well，one reason is that it’s a great example of form following function.We’ve talked about this design principle a lot about form following function.For a Cape Cod house，it might be even more accurate to say that form also follows climate.Who knows what the climate is like on Cape Cod？
Student：Whenever I visit my grandparents，it’s really wet.It’s usually either raining or snowing or foggy and windy，too.I guess because it’s so exposed to the ocean.
Professor：That’s right.So take another look at this drawing，and you can image how this design might be particularly helpful in that kind of climate.Notice how the house is fairly low to the ground.This relatively low compact structure helps the house withstand the strong winds blowing off the ocean.And look at the slope of the roof，the steep angle helps keep off all that rain and snow that accumulates in the winter.Another thing，Cape Cod houses usually face south to take advantage of the sun’s warmth through the windows.That’s helpful in winter.
Questions：
1.What aspect of architecture in the United States is the lecture mainly about？
2.Why did the Cape Cod style house become so popular in the northeast？
3.Why does the woman refer to visiting her grandparents？
4.According to the lecture，which is NOT the feature of Cape Cod houses that was influenced by climate？
参考译文
教授：今天，我们要从之前已经探讨的公共建筑总体风格上稍微背离一点，来看看美国的民居建筑风格。因为这种风格你们都很熟悉，所以我觉得能促使你们更加关注建筑功能和建筑风格的关系。这是我们的讨论中不断出现的主题，所以稍后我们还会回到这个话题。但一开始我还是想让你们去回想一下。有人知道美国现今最普遍的建筑风格吗？
学生：我觉得是我爷爷奶奶住的那种房子，他们叫Cape Cod。
教授：就是这个。这儿有一幅典型Cape Cod建筑设计图。现在你们能在美国各个州看到这种样式的房屋，但当初它只出现在美国东北部新英格兰地区，大概在1600年的时候。有人可能对东北部海岸地区不了解，Cape Cod是个半岛，一片狭长的地带，直接伸入大西洋。许多这种风格的房屋就建造在这里，而这里的地名也成了房屋的名称。那么为什么Cape Cod式房屋在东北部很常见呢？首先一个原因，它是非常功能化的一种构造。关于功能型设计原则我们讲过很多。对于Cape Cod可以精确地说，它的设计形式要遵循的是气候原则。谁知道这片地区的气候是什么样的？
学生：不论我什么时候去爷爷奶奶家，我都觉得那儿特潮。要么有雨雪要么有大雾大风。我觉得可能是离海近的缘故。
教授：没错。你们再看看这个图，就能想象出这种设计为什么对于抵抗天气很有效。看到房屋特别低的地基了吗，这种相对比较深的构造使房子能经受住海风的打击。房屋倾斜的屋顶，这种陡峭的角度使得雨雪不会堆积，另外，Cape Cod房屋一般都朝南，这是为了充分利用太阳能，在冬天意义重大。
参考答案
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A