Lecture 5 电影风格
Wors Tips
hybrid n.混合物 mixture n.混合物
fitinto 纳入；（使）适合 conformto 顺应；符合，遵照
norm n.规范；标准 aquatic adj.水生的；水产的
mollusk n.软体动物 notion n.概念，观念；意见
uncanny adj.神秘的；怪异的 twist n.揉搓之物；丝线
Listen to the following recording and answer questions 1-4.
1）A.to discuss the style of an early filmmaker
B.to describe different types of filmmaking in the 1930s
C.to discuss the emergence of the documentary film
D.to describe Painleve’s influence on today’s science-fiction films
2）A.They do not have sound.
B.They are filmed underwater.
C.They are easy to understand.
D.They are difficult to categorize.
3）A.They show animals out of their natural habitat.
B.They depict animals as having both human and animal characteristics.
C.The narration is scientific and difficult to understand.
D.The audiences of the 1920s and 1930s were not used to films shot underwater.
4）A.to explain that they were difficult to film in the 1930s
B.to point out that Cousteau made documentaries about them
C.to illustrate Pianleve’s fascination with unusual animals
D.to explain why Painleve’s underwater films were not successful
听力原文
Okay，we’ve been discussing films in the 1920s and 30s，and how back then film categories，as we know them today，had not yet been established.
We said that by today’s standards，many of the films of the 20s and 30s would be considered hybrids，that is，a mixture of styles that wouldn’t exactly fit into any of today’s categories，and in that context.
Today we are going to talk about a film-maker who began making a very unique films in the late 1920s.He was French，and his name was Jean Painlevé.Jean Painlevé was born in 1902.He made his first film in 1928.Now in a way，Painlevé’s films conform to norms of the 20s and 30s，that is，they don’t fit very neatly into the categories we use to classify films today.That said，even by the standards of the 20s and 30s，Painlevé’s films were unique，a hybrid of styles.He had a special way of fusing，or some people might say confusing，science and fiction.His films begin with facts，but then they become more and more fictional.
They gradually add more and more fictional elements.In fact，Painlevé was known for saying that science is fiction.Painlevé was a pioneer in underwater film-making，and a lot of his short films focused on the aquatic animal world.He liked to show small underwater creatures，displaying what seemed like familiar human characteristics — what we think of as unique to humans.
He might take a clip of a mollusk going up and down in the water and set it to music.You know，to make it look like the mollusk were dancing to the music like a human being — that sort of thing.
But then he suddenly changed the image or narration to remind us how different the animals are，how unlike humans.He confused his audience in the way he portrayed the animals he filmed，mixing up on notions of the categories of humans and animals.
The films make us a little uncomfortable at times because we are uncertain about what we are seeing.It gives his films an uncanny feature：the familiar made unfamiliar，the normal made suspicious.
He liked twists，he liked the unusual.In fact，one of his favorite sea animals was the seahorse because with seahorses，it’s the male that carries the eggs，and he thought that was great.
His first and most celebrated underwater film is about the seahorse.
Questions：
1.What is the main purpose of the lecture？
2.Why are Painleve’s films typical of the films of the 1920s and 1930s？
3.According to the professor，how did Painleve’s film confuse the audience？
4.Why does the professor mention seahorses？
参考译文
我们一直在讨论20世纪20年代和30年代的电影，我们今天熟知的电影分类在那个时候还没有形成。我们说过，以现在的标准，二三十年代的很多电影算是“混血儿”，也就是说，这种混合的风格并不符合当下的分类，也不符合时下的环境。
今天我们探讨一个电影制作人，他在上个世纪20年代制作了独具一格的电影。他是法国人，他叫让·潘勒维，生于1902年。他在1928年拍了第一部电影。在现在看来，在某种程度上，潘勒维的电影符合了二三十年代的标准，也就是说，它们并不太符合我们现在用来给电影分类的标准。即便以上个世纪二三十年代的标准来衡量，潘勒维的电影还是独具特色的各种风格的混合体。对现实和虚幻他有自己一套独特的融合方法，或许有人会说是“迷魂”法。他的电影一般以真实情节作为铺垫，但之后它们变得越来越虚幻。
他作品里的虚幻元素逐渐增多。事实上，潘勒维因为说过“科学就是虚幻”而闻名。他是水下拍摄的先驱，他也拍摄了很多关于水生动物世界题材的短片。他喜欢向世人展示小型的水下生物，展现与人类共享的特性——我们以为这些是人类独有的。
他或许会拍一段软体动物在水里游来游去并配之以背景音乐。让其看起来像人类一样闻歌起舞——诸如此类的事。之后，他会突然切换镜头或出现旁白来提示观众动物的不同之处，如何与人类不同。他在电影里描述动物的方式常迷惑大众，搅和人类和动物类别的概念。
这些电影常常让我们感到有些别扭，因为我们不确定自己正在观看的是什么。这给他的电影带来神秘的色彩：让熟悉变得陌生，让正常变得可疑。他喜欢曲折，喜欢离奇。实际上，他最喜欢的海洋动物之一是海马，因为海马是雄性产卵，他认为这（素材）很不错。他的第一部也是最著名的一部水下电影就跟海马有关。
参考答案
1.A 2.D 3.B 4.C