Report 3 改善城市基础设施
Word Tips
sanitation n.环境卫生 prosperous adj.繁荣的
inadequate adj.缺少的 diarrhea n.腹泻
urbanization n.城市化进程 infrastructure n.基础设施
availability n.可用性 coalition n.联合
vulnerable adj.脆弱的
Listen to the following recording and answer questions 1-3.
1）A.lack of access to advanced science and technology
B.lack of access to clean water and basic sanitation
C.poor infrastructure and slow urbanization
D.low productivity and large population
2）A.the rapid urbanization and an inadequate water delivery system and sanitation infrastructure
B.the rapid growth of population and inadequate hospitals and schools
C.the serious environment pollution and widespread disease
D.the environmental health problems and an inadequate disposal of human waste
3）A.They will share expertise and global best practices.
B.They will share data on diarrhea-related illness and disease as well as quality of life.
C.They will share the money given by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
D.They will share the cost for the disposal of human waste.
听力原文
Lack of access to clean water and basic sanitation is one of the most pressing problems facing the developing world today.These two interrelated requirements are fundamental to healthy lives and prosperous communities，yet nearly 783 million people world-wide do not have access to clean drinking water，and more than 2.5 billion people do not have access to safe sanitation for adequate disposal of human waste.The consequences of inadequate access to water and sanitation are tremendous-diarrhea-related illness and disease，poor quality of life，public and environmental health problems，and low economic growth，but also factors that are far harder to quantify，like dignity and security.Nearly two million people die from diarrhea each year，many of them children under the age of five，living in the developing world.As the global population continues to shift toward urban areas，the challenge of ensuring access to water and sanitation is only expected to become more complex.
India is a case in point.Although the booming economy of the past decade has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of extreme poverty，rapid urbanization and an inadequate water delivery system and sanitation infrastructure are hindering further development.Thus，sanitation and clean water are the Government of India’s top developmental priority.When President Barack Obama and India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi met in Washington in early October，they signed an agreement that will help bring clean water and sanitation services to all Indians.Consequently，in early November，U.S.Agency for International Development，or USAID，Administrator Rajiv Shah announced a new financial commitment of up to $ 20 million to support water and sanitation efforts in India，subject to the availability of funds.Shah also announced a new Urban Water，Sanitation，and Hygiene，or WASH，Knowledge Partnership with the Indian Ministry of Urban Development.Under the partnership，the United States and India，in cooperation with other key partners such as the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation，will share expertise and global best practices，and demonstrate innovative and scalable models in urban water and sanitation.Shah also announced USAID support for a new multi-stakeholder coalition that will catalyze a nationwide movement around healthy WASH behaviors.
“Together，”said USAID Administrator Rajiv Shah，“we are working to unlock opportunity for India’s most vulnerable people and pioneer solutions that will help end extreme poverty across the globe.”
Questions：
1.What is the urgent problem for developing countries covered in this report？
2.According to the report，what are the factors preventing India from further development？
3.What will the United States，India and other key partners share with each other？
参考译文
缺少清洁用水和基本的卫生设施是如今发展中国家面临的最迫切问题之一，这两个相互关联的需要是健康生活和繁荣社区的基础，然而全世界有近7.83亿人口无法获得清洁饮用水，有超过25亿人无法获得足以处理人类垃圾的安全卫生设施。用水和卫生设施不足的影响巨大，导致与腹泻相关疾病，生活质量差，公共和环境卫生问题，以及较低的经济发展水平，但导致一些更难以衡量的问题，比如尊严和安全。每年有近200万人死于腹泻，很多都是发展中国家五岁以下儿童。随着全球人口继续向城市转移，我们预计确保获得饮水和卫生设施方面的挑战变得更加复杂。
印度就是一例，尽管过去几十年的经济繁荣帮助成千上万人摆脱了赤贫，快速城市化、水供应和卫生基础设施系统不足阻碍该国继续发展。因此，卫生设施和清洁用水是印度政府发展议程的头等大事。巴拉克·奥巴马总统和印度总理莫迪10月初在华盛顿会面，两人签署了将给全体印度人带去清洁用水和卫生设施的协议。由此，在11月初，美国国际开发署署长拉吉夫·沙阿宣布一项涉资2000万美元的新财政计划，将支持印度的用水和卫生建设，表示提供所需资金。沙阿还和印度城市开发部联合宣布了新的水清洁卫生联盟（WASH），根据该协议，美国和印度将同比尔和梅林达盖茨基金会等关键合作伙伴一起分享城市供水和卫生方面的专业知识、全球成功经验并展示创新和可扩展的样板。沙阿还宣布美国国际开发署对一个多利益相关方联盟提供支持，该联盟将围绕WASH健康行为发起全国运动。
美国国际开发署署长拉吉夫·沙阿说，“我们将一起为印度最脆弱人群开启机会，首创将帮助终结全球赤贫的解决之道。”
参考答案
1.B 2.A 3.A