Talk 4 给采访者的建议
Wors Tips
aruleofthumb 根据经验 territory n.领土；领地；地盘
courteous adj.有礼貌的；客气的 follow-up adj.补充的；接着的；后续的
visualize v.想象；设想；使形象化；构思
Listen to the following recording and answer questions 1-3.
1）A.questions that should be asked during the interview
B.some tips on making an interview
C.different ways to start an interview
D.the importance of confidence during the interview
2）A.state reasons for the interview at the beginning of the interview
B.ask facts questions first，opinion questions later
C.interview a person on their territory
D.go through the list of questions strictly
3）A.to ask some follow-up questions
B.to organize the notes as soon as possible
C.to ask the interviewee if they want to add anything else
D.to go back over the main things that have been said before
听力原文
I know it sounds obvious，but you really must prepare before the interview.Find out as much as you can about the person you’re going to interview，and the subject matter of the interview.Prepare your questions in advance.Think about the order you will ask them .A rule of thumb is to ask questions about facts first，leaving opinion questions until later.Most people find questions about facts much easier to answer，so they start to feel more at ease.Spend a little time imagining how you hope the interview will go.Visualize yourself in the situation，introducing yourself，asking the first question.
Think about where the interview will take place.Try to interview the person in a place which is appropriate to the interview-their place of work，for example.Interviewing a person on their territory can put them at ease，and also provide you with color for your story.
How you start the interview can influence how successful it will be.Be confident and courteous.Start by introducing yourself，and stating the reason for the interview.Set your ground rules.For example，you may want to insist that the interviewee says in advance if they want what they say to be off the record.
During the interview，you should be polite but firm.Ask your questions in a confident manner，and listen carefully to the answers.Very often an inexperienced interviewer will simply go through their list of questions，not realizing that some of them have already been answered.Use your list of questions as a base for the interview，not a rigid script.Ask follow-up questions.Ask for evidence to support any claims made by the interviewee.Don’t be afraid to ask ‘ How do you know that？’ But never ask leading questions.Let the person say what they want to say，not what you want them to say.
When ending the interview，you should go back over the main things that have been said.This gives you a chance to review your notes.You should then ask the interviewee if they want to add anything else.And finally，ask if you can contact them again should you need to.
OK，so the interview is over，but you have one last task.As soon as possible，sit down and look at your notes.Are they clear？ Is there anything else you can add to them？Do this while you can still remember what was said.And write down all the color you can remember—about the person and the place.
Questions：
1.What does the speaker talk about？
2.Which of the following is NOT advised by the speaker？
3.According to the speaker，what is the last task for an interview？
参考译文
我知道尽管这听上去很明显，但在采访前一定要做好准备。尽量了解采访对象和采访主题。提前准备好问题，并思考提问顺序。先问事实性问题，再问观点性问题是采访的黄金准则。因为许多人都觉得事实性问题更容易回答，这让受访者在刚接受采访时感到放松。花点儿时间想象一下采访过程，让自己身临其境，先做开场白，再提出第一个问题。
想象一下采访地点。在合适的地点进行采访，例如：受访者的办公室。在受访者的地盘上进行采访能让他们感到自在，同时也能为采访提供素材。
采访的开场方式会影响采访的成败。采访时，要自信而有礼貌。首先进行自我介绍，然后说明采访缘由。制定你的基本原则。比如，坚持让受访者提前告知是否不公开报道本次采访。
采访时，应该表现得礼貌而坚定，提问要有自信，并仔细聆听受访者的回答。缺乏经验的采访者常常只是照着问题清单提问，而没有意识到其中一些问题其实已经回答过了。所以，问题清单只能作为参考，而不是恪守的脚本。问一些后续问题，并提出一些论证来支撑受访者提出的观点。不要害怕问“你怎么知道？”，千万不要问引导性问题。让受访者说自己想说的，而不是你想让他们说的。
采访结束时，回顾一下之前谈到的主要问题，这也是整理笔记的机会。然后询问受访者有没有需要补充的；最后，询问有需要时是否能再次联系他们。
好的。采访就结束了，但你还有最后一个任务：尽快地坐下来整理笔记。笔记是否清晰？是否还需要添加其他内容？在你还记得采访内容时赶紧做这些事情。还要写下所有你能记住的素材，无论是关于受访者的还是采访地的。
参考答案
1.B 2.D 3.B