Lecture 4 软件开发
Wors Tips
bug n.虫子；（机器，尤指计算机的）故障，程序错误，缺陷
code n.代码 circuit n.线路，电路
moth n.飞蛾 phase n.阶段
embarrassing adj.令人感到尴尬的 mentality n.心态；思想状况
friction n.摩擦，冲突
Listen to the following recording and answer questions 1-3.
1）A.to describe some recent improvements in computer technology
B.to explain why so many software products have flaws when they are put on the market
C.to show that creating good software depends on people with distinct roles working well together
D.to discuss how the software development process has evolved since the time of early computers
2）A.It originated from the similarity between computer viruses and real viruses.
B.It is based on an incident in which an insect interfered with the function of an early computer.
C.It was first used by early computer scientists who noticed small problems in programming code.
D.It was first used by developers who did not like testers identifying problems in their work.
3）A.The work they do is mainly creative.
B.They enjoy the challenge of identifying problems to be fixed.
C.Their work is easier than the work of testers.
D.They can detect the software problems by themselves.
听力原文
Professor：We’ve been talking about the software development cycle，and today I’d like to move on to the next stage of that cycle，testing，and why finding bugs during testing is actually a great thing.Eh…eh… the quality of the software product often relies heavily on how well it’s been tested.Liz？
Student：Um… just a quick thing.Bug is the word for problems in the program code，correct？
Professor：Yeah，in code or in a computer itself.There is a bit of a story behind that term.Um… back in the 1940s，when the computer industry was just starting，a group of computer scientists was working late one night，and there was a problem in one of the computers’ circuits.When they examined it，they found a five-centimeter long moth caught in there.Once they debugged the computer，it worked just fine.And ever since then，all kinds of computer problems have been known as bugs.Anyway，you want to find bugs while the software is still in the development and testing phases.Finding them when the software product has already been put on the market can be quite embarrassing.Generally speaking，every software development project has a group of testers and a group of developers.They are generally completely different group of people.My personal opinion is that they have to be different groups of people because developers often have a bias toward their own work，and it blinds them to certain problems that might be obvious to somebody else.So it is always good to have a different set of eyes to go in there and make sure that everything is tested properly.OK，now，here’s the key.Developers and testers have different mentalities.The mentality of the software developer is constructive，creative，they are spending long hours working together to create and build something new.A software tester，on the other hand，their entire goal is to look at this product and find problems with it，to improve it.Now，this difference between the testers and the developers can lead to an environment where there is a bit of friction.And that friction sometimes makes it difficult for the two teams to work together.
Questions：
1.What is the main purpose of the lecture？
2.According to the professor，where does the term“bug”used for computer problems come from？
3.What point does the professor make about software developers？
参考译文
教授：之前我们一直在讲软件开发周期，今天我们进入下一阶段的讨论——软件测试，以及为什么在测试里面找到“虫子”是个好事情。软件产品的质量很大程度上取决于它的测试情况。莉茨？
学生：一个小问题，“虫子”是指程序编码里面存在的问题吗？
教授：没错，程序编码或者电脑本身存在的问题。这个术语背后有一个小故事。早在20世纪40年代，那是计算机产业刚刚起步，一个晚上，一组电脑科学家工作到很晚，因为计算机的一个回路出了问题。当他们检测时，他们发现了一个5厘米长的蛾子被卡在回路里面了。他们把蛾子移除后，计算机恢复正常工作。从那以后，所有的计算机问题都被称作“虫子”。反正不管怎么着，“虫子”最好是在开发或者测试阶段就被发现。如果产品已经推向市场后才找到“虫子”，局面就会比较尴尬了。总的来说，每一个软件开发项目都有一组测试员和一组开发员。他们是完全不同的两帮人。我的个人观点是他们必须是不同的人，因为开发员对于自己开发出来的东西存在偏见，这就导致他们忽视一些其他人看起来很明显的问题。所以有不同的眼光来评判软件产品更可以确保测试完善。好了，重点来了。开发员和测试员心态不一样。软件开发者的想法更加有建设性、创新性，他们花费了很多时间去创造出新的东西。而软件测试员呢，相反，他们的任务就是在这个产品里面挑刺，以提高产品质量。就是测试员和开发员之间的这个不同导致了他们有时候会有一些摩擦，这种摩擦有时候会让这两组人很难合作。
参考答案
1.C 2.B 3.A