参考文献：
Abbott,Andrew：“Transcending General Linear Reality.”Sociological Theory ,1988,6 (2).
——: “From Causes to Events: Notes on Narrative Positivism”.Sociological Methods and Research ,1992,20 (4).
——: “Things Of Boundaries.” Social Research ,1995,62 (4).
——: “A Brief Note on Pasturization.” International Journal of Comparative Sociology ,2006,47 (5).
Adams,Julia,Elisabeth S.Clemens,and Ann Shola Orloff: Remaking Modernity: Politics,History,and Sociology.Durham and London: Duke University Press,2005.
Antonio,Robert J:“Immanent Critique as the Core of Critical Theory: Its Origins and Developments in Hegel,Marx and Contemporary Thought.” The British Journal ofSociology ,1981,32 (3).
Archer,Margaret Scotford: Realist Social Theory: The Morphogenetic Approach.Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press,1995.
Bassett,Keith:“Thinking the Event: Badiou’s Philosophy of the Event and the Example of the Paris Commune.”Environment and Planning D: Society and Space ,2008,26 (5).
Bhaskar,Roy:The Possibility of Naturalism: A Philosophical Critique of the Contemporary Human Sciences.London? New York: Routledge,1998.
——: Reclaiming Reality: A Critical Introduction to Contemporary Philosophy.London & New York: Routledge.2010 .
Callinicos,Alex: “Review of Logics of History: Social Theory and Social Transformation,by William H.Sewell,Jr.”International Review of Social History,2006,51 (2).
Clemens,Elisabeth S:“Toward a Historicized Sociology:Theorizing Events,Processes,and Emergence.” Annual Review of Sociology ,2007,33(1).
——: “Organizing Powers in Eventful Times.” Social Science History ,2015,39 (1).
Collier,Andrew: Critical Realism: An Introduction to Roy Bhaskar’s Philosophy.London & New York: Verso,1994.
Elias,Norbert: An Essay on Time.Dublin: University College Dublin Press,2007.
Giddens,Anthony: The Constitution of Society : Outline of the Theory of Structuration.Cambridge: Polity Press Cambridge,1984.
Goldstone,Jack A:“A History and Sociology of Historical Sociology.” International Journal of Comparative Sociology,2006,47 (5).
Lachmann,Richard: What Is Historical Sociology.Cambridge,MA: Polity，2013.
Postone,Moishe: Time,Labor,and Social Domination.Cambridge,MA: Cambridge University Press,1993.
Reed,Isaac Ariail:“Power: Relational,Discursive,and Performative Dimensions.” Sociological Theory ,2013,31(3).
Harvey,David:“Globalization and the Spatial Fix.”Geographische Revue 2 (January): 2001.
Isaksen,K.Robert:“Without Foundation or Neutral Standpoint: Using Immanent Critique to Guide a Literature Review.”Journal of Critical Realism ,2018,17(2).
Kumar,Krishan:“Historical Sociology.” In The New Blackwell Companion to Social Theory,edited by Bryan S.Turner,Malden,MA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd,2009.
Lizardo,Omar:“Beyond the Antinomies of Structure:Levi-Strauss,Giddens,Bourdieu,and Sewell.”Theory and Society ,2010,39 (6).
Lloyd,Christopher:“Toward Unification: Beyond the Antinomies of Knowledge in Historical Social Science.” History and Theory ,2008,47 (3).
Malczewski,Eric:“On the Centrality of Action: Social Science,Historical Logics,and Max Weber’s Legacy.”Journal of Historical Sociology ,2014,28(4).
Meyer,Rachel,and Howard Kimeldorf: “Eventful Subjectivity: The Experiential Sources of Solidarity.” Journal of Historical Sociology ,2015,28 (4).
Moore,Adam:“The Eventfulness of Social Reproduction.”Sociological Theory ,2011,29 (4).
Patterson,Orlando:“Review of Logics of History: Social Theory and Social Transformation,by William H.Sewell,Jr.”American Journal of Sociology ,2007,112 (4).
Pedersen,David:“Keeping It Real:Semiotic Practice and Fateful Temporality in William Sewell’s Logics of History.”Social Science History ,2008,32 (04).
Porpora,Douglas V:“Four Concepts of Social Structure.”Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour ,1989,19 (2).
Riley,Dylan:“The Historical Logic of Logics of History:Language and Labor in William H.Sewell Jr.” Social ScienceHistory ,2008,32 (4).
Rutzou,Timothy:“Finding Bhaskar in All the Wrong Places? Causation,Process,and Structure in Bhaskar and Deleuze.”Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour ,2017,47 (4).
Sewell,William H.Jr:“Uneven Development,the Autonomy of Politics,and the Dockworkers of Nineteenth-Century Marseille.” The American Historical Review ,1988,93 (3).
——: “A Theory of Structure: Duality,Agency,and Transformation.” American Journal of Sociology ,1992,98(1).
——: “Three Temporalities: Toward an Eventful Sociology.” In The Historic Turn in the Human Sciences,edited by T.J.McDonald.Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press,1996a.
——: “Historical Events as Transformations of Structures: Inventing Revolution at the Bastille.” Theory and Society ,1996b,25(6).
——: “The Concept(s) of Culture.” In Beyond the Cultural Turn: New Directions in the Study of Society and Culture,edited by V.E.Bonnell and L.Hunt.Berkeley,California: University of California Press,1999.
——: “Theory,History,and Social Science.” In Logics of History: Social Theory and Social Transformation,Chicago: University Of Chicago Press,2005a.
——: Logics of History: Social Theory and Social Transformation,Chicago: University Of Chicago Press,2005b.
——: “Historical Events as Transformations of Structures: Inventing Revolution at the Bastille.” In Logics of History: Social Theory and Social Transformation,Chicago:University Of Chicago Press,2005c .
——: “Three Temporalities: Toward an Eventful Sociology.” In Logics of History: Social Theory and Social Transformation.Chicago: University Of Chicago Press,2005d .
——: “A Theory of the Event: Marshall Sahlins’s“Possible Theory of History.’” In Logics of History: Social Theory and Social Transformation.Chicago: University Of Chicago Press,2005e .
——: “Historical Duration and Temporal Complexity: The Strange Career of Marseille’s Dockworkers,1814-1870”.In Logics of History: Social Theory and Social Transformation,Chicago: University Of Chicago Press,2005f .
——: “Refiguring the ‘Social’ in Social Science: AnInterpretivist Manifesto.” In Logics of History: Social Theory and Social Transformation,Chicago: University Of Chicago Press,2005g .
——: “The Temporalities of Capitalism.” Socio-Economic Review ,2008a,6(3).
——: “Crooked Lines.”The American Historical Review ,2008b,113 (2).
——: “From State——Centrism to Neoliberalism:Macro-Historical Contexts of Population Health since World War II.” In Successful Societies,edited by P.A.Hall and M.Lamont.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,2009.
——: “The Empire of Fashion and the Rise of Capitalism in Eighteenth-Century France.” Past & Present,no,2010,206.
——: “Economic Crises and the Shape of Modern History.”Public Culture ,2012,24 (267).
——: “The Capitalist Epoch.”Social Science History,2014a,38 (1-2).
——: “Connecting Capitalism to the French Revolution:The Parisian Promenade and the Origins of Civic Equality in Eighteenth-Century France.”Critical Historical Studies ,2014b,1 (1).
Silver,Beverly:“Theorising the Working Class inTwenty-First-Century Global Capitalism.” In Workers and Labour in a Globalised Capitalism: Contemporary Themes and Theoretical Issues,edited by Maurizio Atzeni,Basingstoke,Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan,2014.
Steinmetz,George:“Critical Realism and Historical Sociology: A Review Article.”Comparative Studies in Society and History ,1998,40 (1).
——: “Logics of History as a Framework for an Integrated Social Science.”Social Science History ,2008,32 (4).
Stones,Rob: Structuration Theory.Houndmills,Basingstoke,Hampshire? New York: Palgrave,2005.
Takács,Adám:“The ‘Return of the Event’: Adventures of the Event in Historiographical and Philosophical Discourses since the 1970s’.”Divinatio,no.2015.
Tang,Chih-Chieh:“Toward a Really Temporalized Theory of Event: A Luhmannian Critique and Reconstruction of Sewell’s Logics of History.”Social Science Information,2013,52 (1).
Tilly,Charles:“Tilly Reviews Sewell and Stinchcombe.”Comparative & Historical Sociology: Newsletter of the ASA Comparative and Historical Sociology Section ,2007,18 (2).
Tucker,Aviezer: “Review Essay: Historiographic Self-Consciousness.”Philosophy of the Social Sciences ,2007,37 (2).
Wagner,David G.,and Joseph Berger:“Do Sociological Theories Grow?” American Journal of Sociology ,1985,90 (4).
Wagner-Pacifici,Robin:“Theorizing the Restlessness of Events.”American Journal of Sociology ,2010,115 (5).
Znepolski,Ivailo:“From the Great Event to Incidents—a Reconstruction of the Event Identity of Historical Change.”Divinatio,no,2015.
[1]但是，第三波历史社会学家的观点也是矛盾的。其代表人物克莱门斯（Elisabeth S.Clemens，2007）又认为休厄尔所说的时间性只是历史学家的想法，不应为历史社会学家所接受。不过，她并非提供另一种对彰的时间性理论。因此，我既认为第三波历史社会学家没有完全拒绝事件时间性，也认为这种暧昧态度的背后是由于第三波历史社会学家在时间性的构想方式不够成熟（Abbott，2006； Goldstone，2006）。
[2]这种外部批判在研究论文中有所体现，如批评休厄尔没有在哲学上有所讨论（Takács，2014； Tucker，2007），或者从巴迪欧（Alan Badiou）、卢曼（Niklas Luhmann）等其他大家的角度解读与评论（Bassett，2008；Tang，2013）。因此，类似的外部批判，往往以“休厄尔忽略了……”或“从……角度看休厄尔，他没有解释……”等句式开展分析（Meyer and Kimeldor，2015； Clemens，2015； Znepolski，2015）。甚至在关于《历史的诸逻辑》的书评中，这种外部批判也非常突出，见Lloyd（2008），Pedersen（2008），Steinmetz（2008）。
[3]目前仅见一份较为系统的内在批判式作品（Riley，2008）。但是，他的做法十分矛盾：一方面，他以发表时间点为基准，划分《历史的诸逻辑》各章及其思想阶段；另一方面，他的分析文本却是书中各章而非相应发表于期刊或图书章节的原始作品。其它作品也有零碎的内在批判，比如Callinicos（2006）和Patterson（2007）。相较马克思主义或批判理论脉络下的“内在批判”，本章将之视为由知识相对性（epistemic relativity）导向下的论证方法（methods of argumentation），见Antonio（1981），Isaksen（2018）和Bhaskar（1998：63-64）。
[4]其中，休厄尔没有对“没有重要变迁”的“相对较少子类”的社会生活、“有重要变迁”但为“社会生活中大多数”这两种情况予以概念化。由于这一议题不是本章关注的焦点，不作专门讨论，可参考Moore（2010）。
[5]尽管休厄尔在这篇文章中也谈到了资源的权力维度，但是不应与下面的权力模式混淆，因为休厄尔当时还是遵循吉登斯对权力与行动关系的理解：如果说图式是为行动的思考（thinking）提供了支持或限定，那么资源是为行动的实作（doing）提供支持或限定。由此，体现权力的资源，说明了行动具有真正的转变能力（really transformative capacity）而非只是空思玄论，见Giddens（1984： 14-15）。
[6]休厄尔对迁变性的布迪厄式理解是从吉登斯采用的维特根斯坦式的概化程序过渡而来，见Lizardo（2010）的分析。本章略过不述。
[7]Callinicos（2006）是唯一指出这个删改问题及其重要性的学者。但是，由于他撰写的只是简短的书评，因此没有展开论述。
[8]《历史的逻辑》第7章（原发表于2001年）也只使用了元素式定义，但从休厄尔对结构的复数性争论中可以看出，仍是离不开关系网络式定义（Sewell，2005e： ch.7）。
[9]该文最初以德文发表于2001年，所以我没办法对比该版本和专著收录版之间的区别。
[10]瑞德（Reed，2013）指出，权力理论强于内容界定（如：诸种面向［faces］）、疏于解释的维度（dimensions），因此，他从因果解释的角度，提出了权力的三维度理论：“关系-实在论”“话语-诠释论”“展演-实用主义”。休厄尔对结构的关系网络定义取向看似只抓住了第一个取向，但实则不然。毕竟，休厄尔的结构定义还包括可进行话语诠释的、可因情境而迁变性展演的图式，以及具有时空关系特定的资源。瑞德（Reed，2013：204-206）也分析了《结构转型》一文中的权力的诸维度，但是他没有分析结构的三个要素之间和权力的三个维度之间的相互作用关系。
[11]此处再次表明了休厄尔界定概念的风格：1.先给出相对独立的界定：A=B；2.再从构成要素的角度界定：A（=B）=x+y+z。
[12]例如，不同的码头工人对新建港口后旧行会的命运有不同的诠释，旧行会因此情境驱逐了与公司合作的工人，最终截点在法院站在被驱逐工人的立场而非旧行会立场的权威的裁决。
[13]这一术语来自马克思，除了具有政治经济学的理论意义，也有方法论意义，见Sayer（1981）。
[14]确实，深层逻辑的内部是相对稳定或同质的（Rutzou，2017），但此次是针对纵向关系而非内部构成。
[15]这一分类是来自于巴斯卡（Roy Bhaskar）对垂直解释（vertical explanation）与水平解释（horizontal explanation）的区分，见Collier（1994： 67）。