五 综合应用

五 综合应用

1.英语语音(音素)学习过程

(1)前测(Entry Test)

听录音,将所听到的音素按出现顺序连起来。

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图1 英语语音音素前测

(2)困难音素定位(Spotting the Difficult Phonemes)

参考前测答案,定位自己的困难音素,并记录在下方:

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(3)辨音编码(Encoding for Discrimination)

针对困难音素,你打算用什么方式进行编码来有效地辨别易混淆音素、掌握正确发音,请记录下你的方法;同时,你也可以参考提供的辨音练习材料,从中选择你觉得需要进一步掌握的音素进行编码学习(参见本单元附录5)。

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(4)复述(Rehearsing)

针对你的困难音素,特别是需要重点练习的易混淆音素,你打算如何通过复述来巩固加强,请举例说明。

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(5)后测(Exit Test)

听录音,将所听到的音素按出现顺序连起来。

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图2 英语语音音素后测

2.英语语音(规则)学习过程

(1)前测(Entry Test)

朗读以下短语和句子。

not at all     in an hour   an egg       for him     tell him

over and above  hear it     brother and sister  a rare animal

We have an English friend.           They looked for it here and there.

I hope it’ll get a little warmer.          Is it a hat or a cat?

There is a good book in my desk.        Can you speak English or French?

The black clouds are coming nearer and nearer.  I called you half an hour ago.

Shall we meet at eight or ten tomorrow morning? Did you get there late again?

She opened the door and walked in.       I looked for it here and there.

(2)困难清单(Listing Difficulties)

听录音或参考老师朗读示范,记录自己读错的部分。

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(3)困难梳理(Organizing Difficulties)

梳理错误的类型,并分类记录,可以使用文字、图画、思维工具等不同形式进行表现。

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(4)规则查找(Seeking Rules)

参考语音教材以及其他相关资料,查找语音连读规则。此处提供一个示例,请把自己搜索到的规则填入方框中。

示例:

元音+元音的连读

在美式英语中,若前一个词由元音/ u /结尾,后一个词由元音开头,连读时在/ u /后面加上一个轻微的辅音/ w /;若前一个词由元音/ i /结尾,后一个词由元音开头,连读时在/ i /后面加上一个轻微的辅音/ y /。

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*参考自American Accent Training (Cook,2000)

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(5)规则理解(Interpreting and Visualizing Rules)

参考在语音教材以及其他相关资料中查找到的语音连读规则,采用思维图示辅助理解。此处提供一个示例,请在方框中完成你对规则的理解。

示例:

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(6)举例说明(Exemplifying)

在理解语音连读规则的基础上,举例说明,检测自己的理解。对之前定位的困难部分进行重点训练。

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(7)后测(Exit Test)

朗读以下段落,参考给出的示例(段落前两行),标记出你能找到的全部连读。

Hello,my name-is__________.I’m taking-American-Accent-Training.There’s-a lotto learn,but-I hope to make-it-as-enjoyable-as possible.I should pick up on the(y) American intonation pattern pretty easily,although the only way to get it is to practice all of the time.I use the up and down,or peaks and valleys,intonation more than I used to.I’ve been paying attention to pitch,too.It’s like walking down a staircase.I’ve been talking to a lot of Americans lately,and they tell me that I’m easier to understand.Anyway,I could go on and on,but the important thing is to listen well and sound good.Well,what do you think? Do I?

*参考自American Accent Training (Cook,2000)