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The executive branch，often known as the Government，is composed of the Prime Minister and his Cabinet of ministers.At the provincial level，the government is made up of a Premier and his Cabinet.Both the federal Prime Minister and the provincial Premiers are elected and can hold their respective offices for a period of five years.At the sub⁃provincial level，there are also local governments for cities，townships and counties.

The Prime Minister is usually the leader of the majority party in Parliament and he is required to choose his Cabinet members from the Parliament.As a result，all members of the Cabinet are members of the Parliament.

Certain conventions govern the work of the executive branch，which include the confidence rule，cabinet solidarity，and cabinet confidentiality.The confidence rule means that the Prime Minister and his Cabinet members must have the confidence of the House of Commons.If the House of Commons does not support the government’s policy，the Prime Minister and his Cabinet have to resign.The House of Commons can also force the Prime Minister and his Cabinet to resign by a vote of no confidence.Cabinet solidarity refers to the principle that once government policy is decided，Cabinet members must defend the policy and carry it out regardless of whether or not they support it.If they strongly object to carrying out the policy，they can choose to resign.The Prime Minister can ask the Governor⁃General to remove a cabinet minister if he or she does not support government policy and refuses to resign.Cabinet confidentiality refers to the practice that Cabinet members should not publicly disclose the content of internal policy debates within the Cabinet.

As all Cabinet members are members of the House of Commons，the government proposes most of the bills that come up for discussion in Parliament.Cabinet members are required to support bills proposed by the government.Since the government holds the majority of the seats in the House of Commons，its bills are rarely defeated.