Notes to Chapter One
1.THOMAS BATY,POLARIZED LAW 148 (1986).
2.See JAMES FAWCETT & JANEEN M.CARRUTHERS,CHESHIRE AND NORTH’S PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW 16 (14th ed.,2008).
3.ABLA MAYSS,PRINCIPLE OF CONFLICT OF LAWS 9 (1999).
4.See J.G.COLLIER,CONFLICT OF LAWS1 (3rd ed.,2001).
5.See FRIEDRICH K.JUENGER,CHOICE OF LAW AND MULTISTATE JUSTICE 3 (2000).
6.FREDERIC HARRISON,JURISPRUDENCE AND THE CONFLICT OF LAWS 101 (2009).
7.JAMES FAWCETT & JANEEN M.CARRUTHERS,CHESHIRE AND NORTH’S PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW 7 (14th ed.,2008).
8.See MARTIN WOLFF,PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW 9 (2nd ed.,1950).
9.ERNST RABEL,THE CONFLICT OF LAWS,A COMPARATIVE STUDY,vol.1,1 (1958).
10.See GUOJI SIFA [PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW] 7 (Sheng Juan ed.,2006).
11.ERNST RABEL,THE CONFLICT OF LAWS,A COMPARATIVE STUDY,vol.1,1 (1958).
12.Tung-Pi Chen,Private International Law of the People’s Republic of China: An Overview,35 AM.J.COMP.L.,445 (1987).
13.GUOJI SIFA [PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW] 8 (Huang Jin ed.,2nd ed.,2004).
14.See DONG LIKUN,GUOJI SIFA [PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW] 11-17 (Revised edition.,2000).
15.See Yao Zhuang & Ren Jishen,Lun Guojisifa de Duixiang yu Fanwei[On the Object and Scope of Private International Law],3 FAXUEYANJIU[JOURNAL OF CHINESE LAW] 52 (1980).
16.GUOJI SIFA [PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW] 21 (Huang Jin ed.,2nd ed.,2004).
17.Tung-Pi Chen,Private International Law of the People’s Republic of China: An Overview,35 AM.J.COMP.L.,449 (1987).
18.GUOJI SIFA [PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW] 28 (Huang Jin ed.,2nd ed.,2004).
19.GUOJI SIFA [PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW] 674 (Sheng Juan ed.,2006).
20.Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice 1920,art.38.
21.JOHN O’BRIEN,CONFLICT OF LAWS 3 (2nd ed.,1999).
22.JAMES FAWCETT & JANEEN M.CARRUTHERS,CHESHIRE AND NORTH’S PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW 17 (14th ed.,2008).
23.See ZHENGXIN HUO,GUOJI SIFAXUE [PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW] 5 (2nd ed.,2020).
24.HAN DEPEI & XIAO YONGPING,GUOJI SIFA [PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW] 14 (2000).
25.GUOJI SIFA [PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW] 1 (Huang Jin ed.,2nd ed.,2004).
26.Zuigao Renmin Fayuan Guanyu Shiyong Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Minfatongze Ruogan Wenti de Yijian[Supreme People’s Court,Opinions on Application of the General Principle of Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China],92 Zuigao Renmin Fayuan Gongbao 22[Bulletin of Supreme People’s Court] (1988) (PRC).(https://www.daowen.com)
27.Zuigao Renmin Fayuan Guanyu Shiyong Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Shewai Minshi Falv Guanxi Shiyongfa Ruogan Wenti de Jieshi Yi (Supreme People’s Court,Interpretation (I) on the Implementation of Act on the Application of Laws on Foreign-related Civil Relationships of the People’s Republic of China,hereinafter,the Interpretation (I)),Zuigao Renmin Fayuan Gongbao 24 [Bulletin of Supreme People’s Court] (2012).
28.Mo Zhang,Choice of Law in Contracts: A Chinese Approach,26 NW.J.INT’L L.& BUS.299 (2006).
29.JAMES FAWCETT & JANEEN M.CARRUTHERS,CHESHIRE AND NORTH’S PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW 37 (14th ed.,2008).
30.JOHN O’BRIEN,CONFLICT OF LAWS 5 (2nd ed.,1999).
31.See Robert J.Delahunty & John Yoo,Against Foreign Law,29 HARVARD J.L.& PUB.POL’Y 291 (2005).
32.T.Alexander Aleinikiff,Thinking outside the Sovereignty Box,Transnational Law and American Constitution,82 TEX.L.REV.1989 (2004).
33.Parrish,Austen L.,Storm in a Teacup: The U.S.Supreme Courts Use of Foreign Law,U.Ill.L.Rev.661 (2007).
34.Anne-Marie Slaughter,Sovereignty and Power in a Networked World Order,40 STAN.J.INT’L L.284 (2004).
35.WILLIAM H.ALLEN & ERIN A.O’HARA,Second Generation Law and Economics of Conflict of Laws: Baxter’s Comparative Impairment and Beyond,51 STAN.L.REV.1011,1023 (1999).
36.FRIEDRICH K.JUENGER,CHOICE OF LAW AND MULTISTATE JUSTICE 36 (2000).
37.Moore & Parisi,Rethinking Forum Shopping in Cyberspace,77 CHI-KENT.L.REV.1328-1339 (2002).
38.See Kimberly,A.Moore,Forum Shopping in Patent Case: Does Geographic Choice Affect Innovation? 79 N.C.L.REV.889,925 (2001).
39.Michael J.Whincop & Mary Keyes,Economic Analysis of Conflict of Laws in Torts case: Discrete and Relational Torts,22 MELB U.L.REV.378-380 (1998).
40.J.G.COLLIER,CONFLICT OF LAWS,(3rd ed.) 277 (2001).
41.GUOJI SIFA [PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW] 166 (Huang Jin ed.,2nd ed.,2004).
42.Ibid.
43.See CHONGTUFA [CONFLICT OF LAWS] 89 (Yu Xianyu ed.)(1989).
【注释】
[1]It is very interesting to notice that the phrase “private international law”,which is now widely used in civil law countries as well as in England,was coined by Joseph Story,an American judge and professor; while the term “conflict of laws”,or “conflicts law” (or simply “conflicts”),which is used in common law countries except England was invented by Dutch authors.See FRIEDRICH K.JUENGER,CHOICE OF LAW AND MULTISTATE JUSTICE 4,19 (2000).
[2]HAN Depei (February 6,1911—May 29,2009) was a distinguished Chinese jurist and legal educationist.He had made brilliant achievements in private international law,environmental law,public international law,jurisprudence and legal education who enjoyed the reputation of “the father of New China’s international law,”“the pioneer and founder of Chinese environmental law” and “the core of Chinese law community.” His original,incisive,and voluminous scholarship,and his teaching and lecturing throughout the world,have left an indelible mark in those fields.
[3]As Wolff puts it: “Today undoubtedly private international law is national law.There exists an English private international law as distinct from a French,a German,an Italian private international law.The rules on the conflict of laws in the various countries differ nearly as much from each other as do those on internal (municipal) law.” MARTIN WOLFF,PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW 11 (2nd ed.,1950).
[4]According to the understanding of Chinese scholars,the term “foreign” is used from the perspective of forum state,representing a unilateralist approach,while “international” is a term of apparent multilateralism.However,there is no substantive difference between them.
[5]These two companies are the legal persons of mainland China,as Chinese law adheres to the criterion of the place of incorporation (registration) to determine the nationality of a legal person.For detailed information,please refer to Chapter Two,Part Three of this book.
[6]For the reasons that China deviates from the orthodox position of civil law which relies usually on nationality to determine the lex personalis,please refer to Chapter One,Part Three of this book.See also Zhengxin Huo,Reshaping Private International Law in China: The Statutory Reform of Tort Conflicts,5 JOURNAL OF EAST ASIA AND INTERNATIONAL LAW 93,97(2012).
[7]Forum shopping is the legal term given to the practice adopted by some litigants to get their legal case heard in the court thought most likely to provide a favourable judgment.Some states have,for example,become notorious as plaintiff-friendly jurisdictions and so have become litigation magnets even though there is little or no connection between the legal issues and the jurisdiction in which they are to be litigated.Through its expansive acceptance of personal jurisdiction,the United States has also attracted foreign litigants wishing to take advantage of the more generous awards of damages and alimony,extensive discovery rules,and the contingent fee system.See BLACK’S LAW DICTIONARY 726 (Bryan A.Garner ed.,9th ed.,2009).
[8]Alternative Dispute Resolution (“ADR”) refers to any means of settling disputes outside of the courtroom.ADR typically includes early neutral evaluation,negotiation,conciliation,mediation,and arbitration.As burgeoning court queues,rising costs of litigation,and time delays continue to plague litigants,more states have begun experimenting with ADR programs.