Notes to Chapter One
1.GARY B.BORN,INTERNATIONAL CIVIL LITIGATION IN UNITED STATES COURT 1009 (4th ed.,2007).
2.See e.g.,Lamm and Hellbeck,The Enforcement of Foreign Awards under the New York Convention: Recent Developments,5 INT ALR 137 (2002).
3.JULIAN D.M.LEW QC,LOUKAS A.MISTELIS,STEFAN M.KROLL,COMPARATIVE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION 628 (2003).
4.Hilton v.Guyot,159 U.S.113,165 (1895).
5.GUOJI SIFA [PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW] 628 (Huang Jin ed.,2nd ed.,2004).
6.H.L.Ho,Policies Underlying the Enforcement of Foreign Commercial Judgment 46 I.C.L.Q.443 (1997).
7.[1990] 1 Ch.433.
8.Id.,at 553.
9.ALAN REED,ANGLO-AMERICAN PERSPECTIVE ON PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW 468 (2003).
10.H.L.Ho,Policies Underlying the Enforcement of Foreign Commercial Judgment 46 I.C.L.Q.443 (1997).
11.JOHN O’BRIEN,CONFLICT OF LAWS 263 (2nd ed.,1999).
12.Hilton v.Guyot,159 U.S.113,162 (1895).
13.Ibid.,at 163-164.
14.See FRIEDRICH K.JUENGER,CHOICE OF LAW AND MULTISTATE JUSTICE 21 (2000).
15.H.L.Ho,Policies Underlying the Enforcement of Foreign Commercial Judgment 46 I.C.L.Q.443 (1997).(https://www.daowen.com)
16.ALAN REED,ANGLO-AMERICAN PERSPECTIVE ON PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW 472 (2003).
17.A.E.ANTON,PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW 227 (1990).
18.SS.72,723 ZPO (Code of Civil Procedure).
19.FLOUR AND AUBERT,DROIT CIVIL- LES OBLIGATIONS: LE FAIT JURIDIQUE,28 (2001).
20.See WOLFF,PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW 273-274 (2nd ed.,1950).
21.See S.L.Stevens,Commanding International Judicial Respect: Reciprocity and the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments,26 HASTINGS INT’L & COMP.L.REV.135-154 (2002).
22.Mo Zhang,International Civil Litigation in China: A Practical Analysis of the Chinese Judicial System,25 B.C.INT’L & COMP.L.REV.88 (2002).
23.RENMINFAYUAN ANLIXUAN [SELECTED CASES OF PEOPLE’S COURTS] (Supreme People’s Court ed.) 2170-2173 (Dalian Intermediate People’s Court,Liaoning Province,1994).
24.RENMINFAYUAN ANLIXUAN [SELECTED CASES OF PEOPLE’S COURTS] (Supreme People’s Court ed.) (1996) 1135-1141 (Higher People’s Court of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,1998).
25.Qingjiang Kong & Mingfei Hu,The Chinese Practice of Private International Law,3 MELBOURNE J.OF INT’L L.417 (2002).
26.See e.g.,the Treaty between China-France on Mutual Judicial Assistance.
【注释】
[1]The analysis of the laws of these countries is based on the condition that EU private international law instruments are not applicable.
[2]In the opinion of some foreign observers,the refusal of the Japanese judgment in this case is unnecessary especially because the judgment did not,strictly speaking,affect the wealth of Chinese nationals: a Japanese creditor was attempting to realize on the assets in China of a Japanese debtor.See Donald C.Clarke,Power and Politics in the Chinese Court System: The Enforcement of Civil Judgments,10 COLUMBIA J.OF ASIAN L.20,1-92(1996).
[3]What is meant by a violation of “State sovereignty or security and social public interest” of the PRC? These terms are not defined.The terminology is expansive and gives the court a considerable discretion in matters of this type.Grounds for concluding that a judgment ought not to be enforced under this head would presumably include that the case is stipulated to be within the exclusive jurisdiction of the PRC courts,or the judgment of the foreign court was procured by fraud or that it did not observe due process or natural justice in its conduct of the case in question,or that enforcement of the judgment would involve enforcement of a foreign penal or taxation law,or would involve enforcement of the interest of a foreign government.These are familiar grounds for refusing enforcement of foreign judgments in common law courts.See Xiao Yongping & Huo Zhengxin,Ordre Public in China’s Private International Law 53:3 AM.J.COMP.L.,654-678 (2005).