Part Ⅲ Reading in Depth
There are four passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choicesmarked A，B，C and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter.
Countries and cities have generally tried to encourage tourism—based on the premise that holidaying visitors and themoney they spend fosters economic development.
Historically，tourist taxes have been used to fund tourism boards，hospitality trade groups，and destination marketing campaigns—the point being to bring more people into the country down the line.
But a slew of new tourist taxes，or plans for them，in Venice，Amsterdam，Bali，Edinburgh，and New Zealand are taking an opposite tact：They're using tourist tax revenue to both help the destination control the effects of overtourism，and also to disincentivize（抑制）certain kinds of travelers.
Elizabeth Becker，the author of Overbooked:The Exploding Business of Travel and Tourism，says the rise of these taxes suggests governments are starting to see that when it comes to tourism，you can have toomuch of a good thing.
Many of these measures aren't simply centered on driving down numbers，but rather，attracting a“lower impact，higher value traveler”，she said—one that is going to spend some money，in addition to using resources or crowding the destination.
So how do these taxes work to deter“low value”tourism?Amsterdam provided an instructive example at the beginning of January when it implemented a day tourist tax of 8 per person.About a week later，two cruise lines announced they would no longer be stopping in port，and twomore lines followed suit in February.These cruise ship“day-trippers”don't stay in a hotel or eatmuch at local restaurants(why would you，when you have an all-you-can-eat buffet waiting for you on board?)，and are generally in and out of the destination quite quickly.Though the tax—equivalent to the costof a couple of beers—is relatively small，itwas enough to put off extremely price-sensitive cruise lines.And it gave Amsterdam an effective way to say，“Thanks，but no thanks.”
And as the democratization of travel continues，officials will continue to face the same conundrum（难题）：Can a destination benefit from touristswithout completely destroying what made it appealing in the first place？
( )41.What are tourist taxes used for in the history?
A.They are used to stimulate tourists to spend money in the destination.
B.They are used to finance tourism to attractmore people into the destination.
C.They are used to drive tourists out of the country.
D.They are used to drive tourists to preserve the local culture.
( )42.Which statement is right according to the passage?
A.Baliand Edinburgh wanted to use new tourist tax revenue to drive away certain kinds of travelers.
B.The rise of tourist taxes suggests governments are realizing overtourism a good thing.
C.Two cruise lines left Amsterdam until the traveler spent all of theirmoney.
D.It is impossible for a destination to benefit from tourists without completely destroying whatmade it appealing in the first place.
( )43.According to Elizabeth Becker，which kind of traveler is welcome for the destinations?
A.The person who earns a lot ofmoney.
B.The person who are notorious.
C.The person who spends little，using few resources.
D.The person who spendsmuch，using few resources.
( )44.What is themeaning of the sentence“Thanks，but no thanks.”according to the Amsterdam's treatment?
A.It is a joke that can be ignored.
B.It is a warning to drive travelers away.
C.It is a refusal to regulate some travelers.
D.It is a thank-you note to show gratitude to some travelers.
( )45.Whatmight happen to the low value travelers if they want to travel atwill?
A.Better education to take. B.Worse education to take.
C.Much money to spend. D.Much money to earn.
According to the American Gem Society，anthropologists believe that engagement rings date back to a Roman custom in which wives wore rings with keys attached，which indicated that their husbands owned them.
Engagement rings began to get a little less dark in 1477，when Archduke Maximilian of
Austria commissioned an extravagant diamond ring for his new wife.The accessory grew in popularity in the Victorian era，and gradually the diamond ring trend trickled down from nobility to themasses.
There is a theory that the tradition of bridesmaids dressing alike dates back to ancient Rome，the bride considered to be prime bait for vengeful spirits.So，all the women dressed alike to confuse the spirits from interrupting the bride and groom's nuptials.
The best man originated as the groom's choice protector.Many centuries ago，it was common for a groom to“steal”a bride from her family if they didn't approve of the union—and itwas the bestman's job to fight the family if they retaliated（反击）.
Itwas also common practice for the bestman to stand next to the groom with a sword in tow on the day of the wedding.In fact，ancient groups like the Huns，Goths，and Visigoths would store weapons in the floor of the church in the event of a brawl（斗殴）.
According to the Huffington Post，the tradition of the bride carrying a bouquet dates back to the 15th century.In medieval times，people didn't smell quite as good as they do now，so brides carried fragrant bouquets to mask their own body odor.The bouquets were often made with strong herbs，like garlic and dill.
To this day，people fantasize about having a June wedding—but the fixation with that summermonth dates back to the 15th century，and it also relates to smell.People used to take their annual baths in May，which made June the perfect time for a good-smelling public gathering.
( )46.What is themain idea about the passage?
A.It discusses the grooms’way of treating brides.
B.It depicts the harmonious atmosphere ofwedding ceremony.
C.It tellswhat to do and what not to do in wedding ceremony.
D.It is about dark and twisted origins ofwedding traditions.
( )47.What do we learn from the passage about themeaning of engagement rings?
A.They are guardian ofmarriage and bless the couple with fortune.
B.They are evidence to show the groom's ownership of the bride.
C.They are in the shape of circle to show eternal love.
D.They aremade of diamond to represent the couple's loving commitment to one another.
( )48.What is said about the bridesmaids’dressing?
A.They dress differently to distinguish with each other.
B.They dress alike to avoid competition.
C.They dress alike to confuse vengeful spirits to interruptwedding.
D.They dress alike to show they love each other.
( )49.What happened to the bestman in a wedding according to the tradition?
A.They would be hurtwhen they protect the groom.
B.They would be respected because they are best.
C.They would earn bridesmaids’love.
D.They would get a lot ofmoney as rewarding.
( )50.Why do people like to hold wedding ceremony in June according to the passage?
A.Because the weather is suitable for public gathering.
B.Because the bride and groom could be blessed in June.
C.Because people would take baths in May.
D.Because brides’fathers ask them to do so.
If a dog has eyes that seem to be telling you something or demanding your attention，it could be evolution's way ofmanipulating your feelings.Researchers have found that dogs have evolved muscles around their eyes，which allow them to make expressions that particularly appeal to humans.A small facialmuscle allows dog eyes tomimic an“infant－like”expression which prompts a“nurturing response”.
The study says such“puppy eyes”helped domesticated dogs to bond with humans.Previous studies have shown how such canine expressions can appeal to humans，but this research from the UK and US shows there has been an anatomical change around dogs'eyes to make it possible.This allows dogs to create what the researchers call“expressive eyebrows”and to“create the illusion of human-like communication”.
“When dogsmake themovement，it seems to elicit a strong desire in humans to look after them，”says the study，co-authored by Dr Juliane Kaminski at the University of Portsmouth.Thismusclemovement allows dogs'eyes to“appear larger，more infant-like and also resembles a movement humans produce when they are sad”.She says that humans would have an“unconscious preference”to protect and breed from dogs with such an appealing trait，giving them an evolutionary advantage and reinforcing this change in subsequent generations.
The findings，from UK and US researchers in anatomy and comparative psychology，show that the facial change has developed over thousands of years of dogs living alongside humans.
Previous research has shown that dogs aremore likely to use this“puppy eyes”expression when a human is looking at them—suggesting that it is a deliberate behavior and intended for human consumption.
Anatomist and report co-author，Professor Anne Burrows of Duquesne University in the US，says that in evolutionary terms the changes to dogs'facialmuscleswas“remarkably fast”and could be“directly linked to dogs'enhanced social interaction with humans”.
The findings，says Professor BridgetWaller of the University of Portsmouth，show“how important faces can be in capturing our attention，and how powerful facial expression can be in social interaction”.
( )51.What bonds the domesticated dogswith humans?
A.Dogs’expressive eyebrows.
B.Puppy eyes.
C.Facialmuscles.
D.All the above.
( )52.Which statement is NOT true according to Juliane Kaminski?
A.Dogs make some movements to arouse strong desire in humans to look after them.
B.Humans would have an unconscious preference to protect dogs.
C.Dogs make movement to resemble expression humans produce when they are happy.
D.Humanswould breed dogs and give them evolutionary advantage.
( )53.Which title is suitable for the passage?
A.Dogs are humans’best friends.
B.Dogs’eyes evolve to appeal to humans.
C.Dogs’facialmuscles are similar to humans.
D.Dogs’eyes can tell you something.
( )54.When will dogs bemore likely to use“puppy eyes”expression?
A.When a human is looking at them.
B.When a human ignores them.
C.When they are hungry.
D.When they are thirsty.
( )55.Which statement is true according to the passage?
A.Bridget Waller believes that facial expression can be important in the social communication.
B.BridgetWaller believes that the changes to dogs’facialmuscles are related to their social interaction with humans.
C.Anne Burrows believes that puppy eyes help domesticated dogs to bond with humans.
D.Anne Burrows believes that faces can be powerful in capturing one’s attention.
The world'smost fascinating cities offer a nearly endless list of cultural activities to spark your imagination and ignite romance.Each of the following five cities combines amix of oldworld history with visionary shopping and gastronomy and is home to many romantic hotelsperfect for a Valentine's Day getaway.
Long touted as the world's most romantic city，Paris，with its elegant architecture，sophisticated shopping and charming l’art de vivre，is always enchanting，especially for couples.After wandering the cobblestoned streets of Montmartre or the peaceful Tuileries gardens，retreat in style at the chic Ritz Paris，the classic Le Bristol or the boutique La Reserve which overlooks the Eiffel Tower.
The energy of New York City and its varied，ever-evolving neighborhoodsmake it one of themost dynamic destinations on earth.From the city's historic landmarks to its cutting-edge shopping and dining scenes，the Big Apple offers a wide variety of entertainment.The designminded Crosby Street Hotel in SoHo and the Greenwich Hotel in Tribeca are our favorite picks downtown，while the Upper East Side's chic Mark Hotel is a good choice for traditionalists.
Rooted in traditionalism，London combines centuries-old elegance with fresh-faced art，shopping and foodie scenes.Couples can step into the past with tours of Parliament and the Tower of London and watch the changing of the guard at Buckingham Palace，then attend shows in the vibrant theater district and visit cool，up-and-coming neighborhoods.For classic
British elegance with modern amenities，stay at the elegant Berkeley in Knightsbridge or the historic Connaught in Mayfair.
Rome is a placewhere ancient history andmodern life breezily coexist，where you can sip cocktails at a trendy bar while gazing upon ancient ruins.The city has chic couturiers，excellent restaurants and incredible art，making ita great place to visit for all types of couples.The Hotel de Russie is a favorite thanks to its tranquil courtyard，whereas the Hotel Eden offers perfect interiors and up-to-date amenities.
The Swedish capital beautifully balances past and present，with historic palaces and grand hotels located beside cool design shops，cutting-edge restaurants，and hot-spotbars.Composed of islets connected by bridges，most of the city fronts the harbor，where boats leave to explore the picturesque Swedish archipelago（群岛）.The best hotel for couples is the exclusive Ett Hem，a 12-room property set in a 1910 townhouse.
( )56.What does the passage say about the romantic cities?
A.Paris，also called big apple，is famous for the streets of Montmartre.
B.Greenwich Hotel in Tribeca and Buckingham Palace are famous in London.
C.Mark Hotel and the Hotel Eden are popular in Rome.
D.Stockholm combines history and fashion into the hotels to attract tourists.
( )57.What is said about New York City according to the passage?
A.It is energetic and dynamic.
B.It is full of classic elegance.
C.It is elegant and sophisticated.
D.It is historic and grand.
( )58.Whatwould you experience when you live in the Hotel De Russie?
A.You would feel energetic because New York City is full of stimulus.
B.You would have the chance to wander the cobblestoned streets of Montmartre.
C.You would enjoy the quiet and charming atmosphere.
D.You would be offered the latest equipment for your living.
( )59.According to the passage，which city a couple would NOT choose if they want to taste the beauty of history and enjoymodern life?
A.Stockholm.
B.New York City.
C.London.
D.Rome.
( )60.What does the author imply according to the passage?
A.History and modern life do not coexist in Greece and Sweden.
B.It is a good choice for traveler to have an enthusiastic trip in the United States.
C.Because of the glory of royal household prevails in the Great Britain，so traveler cannot enjoy the comfort ofmodern life.
D.A couple could stay at the elegant Berkeley in Knightsbridge to enjoy the romantic travel in France.