Part Ⅰ Fast Reading
In this section，you are going to read two passageswith ten statementsattached to each one.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter.
The Principles and Characteristics and Chinese Kung Fu
[A]Rooted in the war between man and animals in the primitive society，Chinese kung fu has a long history.During the progression，some philosophical theories were absorbed by various schools as principles.Italso integrated the extrinsic bodywith the intrinsic soul through the circulation of qi and achieved the goal thatmind leads qi and qi promotes strength.
[B]Force，fist position，strength and psychology are usually considered to be the four factors ofmeasuring Chinese kung fu，which lead to the four principles.That is，force should be hard and pliable；fist position should be hidden；strength should be based on will；and psychology should be in a good state—one should be prepared to fight，but never act upon anger.
[C]In Chinese kung fu，the basic requirement is an appropriate balance between hardness and softness，and a combination of external and internal forces，also called yang and yin.Pure hard fist may lead to exhaustion of strength and pure soft may result in weak strength.Thus，only a balance between hardness and softness can allow the fist to move smoothly.
[D]For the fist position，Chinese kung fu advocates that cats hide their paws.Itmeans the smartest thing seems stupid and simple，which best interprets the discipline of Chinese kung fu—neither complicated nor beautiful，but practical.The beautiful fist positionsmay not be better than the simple ones but the simple positions can exceed beautiful ones.Therefore，themystery of Chinese kung fu does not lie in its fighting techniques because the smartest fighting techniques is following no technique，which indicates the essence of Chinese kung fu—no technique.
[E]The third principle is to fight by using will to cultivate qi or energy to hit the opponent.The energy is transferred throughout the body by will power to the utmost extent and is focused on one particular pointwhen the great force is released in a flash.This can be called“strength comes from will”，“force derives from mind”，or“fistworks as desired”.
[F]The psychological principle of Chinese kung fu is keeping calm and remaining undaunted.Chinese philosopher Laozisaid that“a good fighter is never angry.”It implies that kung fu learnersmust be good at adjusting their moods and never act upon anger.An easily irritated man will never be good at Chinese kung fu.
[G]The four principles are deeply rooted in traditional Chinese philosophy.The philosophy has also contributed much to the unique characteristics of Chinese kung fu.This can be seen from two of the main characteristics of kung fu—the cultivation of extrinsic and intrinsic values and the integration of body and mind.
[H]Chinese kung fu is systematic and is characterized by philosophical connotations.Though it containsmany schools，all belong to a large and complete system.It takes the yin and yang and Five Elements theories as its philosophical basis.It regards the harmony between body and mind and harmony between fist fighting techniques and the law of nature as the ultimate destination.The theories on fist fighting techniques represent a complementary integration of Confucianism，Buddhism and Daoism.The practice of kung fu strengthening internal organsmainly borrows ideas from traditional Chinesemedicine and the Daoist practices of preserving health.Thus，Chinese kung fu is actually an ingenious blend of philosophy，medicine，the art of attack and defense，strategies and tactics，and practices ofmaintaining good health；all these constitute a large and profound theoretical system of kung fu.
[I]Chinese kung fu attaches great importance to gradualness，so a kung fu man has to follow a strict procedure and no shortcuts are recommended.The practice of kung fu should follow three stages:cultivating essence into energy or qi(to achieve visible strength)，qi into spirit(to achieve invisible strength)，and spirit into void(to achieve refined strength).From the primary stage which concentrates on basic techniques and develops strong strength to the intermediate stage，eliminating strong strength but cultivating soft strength，until the senior stage，combining fist fighting techniques and the law of nature，the process is based on ancient combat techniques and the Daoist practice of health preservation.
[J]What’s more，Chinese kung fu advocates nurturing qi and cultivating morality.It means cultivating qi，integrating the law of nature，developing civil and military capabilities，and going against aggression and violence.Qi is harmonious with rationality and fist fighting techniques with the law of nature.Nurturing qi aims to reach taihe(grand peace)and impartiality，neither too hard nor too soft.And it is against emulative thoughts.The more prosperous the qi is，theweaker the emulative thoughts become.Chinese kung fu is considered a combination of moral cultivation and physical fitness.It gives priority to kung fu ethics，requiring practitioners not to make troubles and bully others，but to help others with a just cause and curb the violent to assist the weak.
[K]Chinese kung fu also displays an aesthetic sense in diversified styles，which can be seen in the hard and soft strength，and dynamic and staticmovements.For instance，some fist fighting techniques are quick-paced，stretched，and masculine，while others are elegant and full of femininity.However，the combat function always takes the first place and dominates the development of Chinese kung fu，and the aesthetic value is secondary and occupies a subordinate position.It has experienced a simple-to-complex process，followed by a complexto-simple process.In its early stage，Chinese kung fu was simple and didn’t have so many boxing schools and techniques.During the Song，Yuan and Ming dynasties，numerous schools thrived and various boxing techniques emerged.In the Qing Dynasty，the contents and exercises tended to be concise and practical.
[L]In a word，Chinese kung fu is one of the valuable forms of traditional Chinese culture.The four factors of force，strength，fist position，and psychology are the disciplines of Chinese kung fu.The four features of being systematic，being gradual，beingmoral and being aesthetic distinguish Chinese kung fu from other combat techniques，it unique principles and characteristics reflect the crystallization of Chinese people’s wisdom.With its unique techniques and approaches，Chinese kung fu has successfully appeared on the world combat stage.
( )1.A third principle to fight is called“force derives from mind”.
( )2.Chinese kung fu gives top priority kung fu ethics，requiring a kung fu man to help otherswith a just cause.
( )3.Chinese kung fu originated in the war between man and animals in the distant ancient society.
( )4.Traditional Chinese philosophy has contributed greatly to the cultivation of characteristics of Chinese kung fu.
( )5.The four factorsmeasuring kung fu has resulted in the four principles.
( )6.During the Chinese dynasties，numerous boxing schools emerged and various boxing techniques were developed.
( )7.Maintaining a balance between hardness and softness can ensure the fist to move smoothly.
( )8.A kung fu man should practice kung fu gradually and persistently，following three stages.
( )9.The essence of Chinese kung fu lies in its no fighting technique.
( )10.The yin and yang and Five Elements theories serve as the foundation of Chinese kung fu.
Marriage Falls in China，Trans forming Finances and Family
[A]Hong Kong of China—Liu Zhengfeng gotmarried at25.The usual trapping（配置）of family life followed—a daughter，a home，furniture，toys.
[B]That daughter，Song Zongpei，now 28，is taking a different path.Ms.Song shares a rented apartment in Beijingwith two roommates and is focusing on her career and her finances.She does not see marriage or motherhood in her immediate future.“At this stage，the most important thing forme is personal development，”Ms.Song said.
[C]Fewer Chinese people are getting married，a shift with profound implications for
China’s economic and social life.The decline in marriagesmeans a decline in the number of babies，and potentially less spending on homes， appliances and other family-related purchases—the kind of spending China needs to drive economic growth.
[D]Already some businesses are thinking singles.Jewelry makers are offering cheaper baubles（首饰）for unmarried sweethearts.One appliance maker is selling smaller rice cookers.Foreign fertility（生育）services are advertising for Chinese women who want to freeze their eggs—a process that is prohibited for single women in China—to have children later.
[E]But themarriage slump—caused in large part by China’s aging population and the legacy of its harsh one-child policy—has a silver lining.It also stews from the rise of an educated population of women.Specialists in economics，demography（人口学）and sociology say some of thosewomen are delayingmarriage to build careers and establish financial footing，resulting in amore empowered female population thatno longer viewsmarriage as the only route to security.
[F]“Because they are highly educated，they hold well-paid jobs，they lose the financial incentive to getmarried，”says Zhang Xiaobo，a professor of economics at Peking University.
[G]China continues to emphasizemarriage in its officialmedia，entreatingwomen not to wait for Mr.Right.But demographics（人口结构）and changing social mores make that a tough sell.
[H]Last year，12 million Chinese couples registered formarriage，making it the second consecutive year the number has declined.Divorces，which stem from some of the same treads，reached 3.8 million last year，more than twice the level of a decade ago.
[I]Much of themarriage declines results from China’s one-child policy.Ended formally in January after 35 years，the policy accelerated a decline in the country’s birthrate.As a consequence，people between 29 and 29—primemarriage age—make up a declining share of the population compared with two decades ago.And because families often preferred male babies，China has a surplus ofmen，further complicatingmarriage prospects.
[J]Those trends test cultural notions of family that go back hundreds of years.While arranged marriages have largely fades in China，parents remain deeply involved in the nuptials of their offspring，chasing down leads on potential suitors and hounding（纠缠）their children during holiday visits aboutmarriage plans.
[K]Ms.Liu agrees that her daughter should wait for the rightmatch，but she still hopes that she finds someone.“Iwant her to have a happy life，”Ms.Liu said，“and I think it’s more secure to have a family.”
[L]On the economic front，the impact could be double-edged.Single people generally but fewer houses，have fewer children and buy fewer toys and gadgets than married couples.That could complicate China’s efforts to turn its traditionally tightfisted population into American-style spenders to offset its economy’s dependence on exports and big-ticket government projects.
[M]It could also lead Chinese consumers to putmoremoney away in the bank.Families of prospective grooms in China often save money for years to buy a home for a couple before theymarry to give them financial stability.Families savemore，to buy bigger homes，if brides are hard to find.
[N]But Chinese consumers could simply spend money on something else—with single young people leading the pack.Some of the decline in marriage stems from the growth of a group of young educated urban women who no longer need towed to achieve financial security.
( )11.Parents of unmarried children still try to get involved in their children’smarriage during their children’s holiday visits.
( )12.One-child policy resulted in a fast decline in the country’s birthrate.
( )13.If brides are difficult to find，male families usually savemore to buy bigger homes.
( )14.Women who are highly educated lose the financial pressure to getmarriage.
( )15.Ms.Liu’s daughter is taking a path different from hers.She focuese more on personal development.
( )16.China ismaking great efforts to turn its population into likely-spending spenders，making its economy less depend on big-ticket government projects.
( )17.Those who don’t getmarried will buy less homes，appliances and other familyrelated purchases.
( )18.With more unmarried young people in China，some businesses are thinking about offering special services aiming at those people.
( )19.Marriage declines partly becausemore young educated urban women no longer need to get financial security through marriage.
( )20.Educated young women delaymarriage because they no longer view marriage as the only way to security.