Part Ⅰ Fast Reading
In this section，you are going to read two passageswith ten statementsattached to each one.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter.
How to Geta Great Idea
[A]The guests had arrived，and the wine was warm.Once again，I'd forgotten to refrigerate it.“Don'tworry，”a friend said，“I can chill it for you right away.”
[B]Five minutes later she emerged from the kitchen with the wine perfectly cooled.Asked to reveal her secret，she said，“Easy.I poured the wine in a plastic bag and then dipped it in icewater.After a few minutes thewinewas cold.The hard partwas getting itback into bottle.I couldn't find a funnel（漏斗），so Imade a cone with wax paper.”My guests applauded.“How wonderful if we could all be that clever，”one remarked.
[C]A decade of research has convinced me we can.What separates the average person from Edison，Picasso or even Shakespeare isn't creative capacity—it's the ability to use that capacity by encouraging creative impulses and then acting upon them.Most of us seldom achieve our creative potential.I think Iknow why，and Ican help unlock the reservoir of ideas hiding within every one of us.
[D]One puzzle I've watched students deal with is retrieving a Ping-Pong ball that has fallen to the bottom of a sealed，vertical drainpipe.The tools that they can use are either too short to reach the ball or too wide to fit into the pipe，which is also too narrow to reach into by hand.At last some students make the connection:drainpipe＝water＝floating.They pour water down the hole，and the ball floats to the top.This and many other experiments suggest concrete ways of increasing creativity in all of us.Here are the best techniques.
[E]Capture the fleeting.A good idea is like a rabbit.It runs by so fast that sometimes you see only its ears or tail.To capture it，you must be ready.Creative people are always ready to act，and thatmaybe the only difference between us and them.
[F]Poet Amy Lowell wrote of the urgency with which she captured new ideas，“Whatever 1 am doing，I lay it aside and attend to the arriving poem，”she wrote.Likemany other writers，Lowell sought paper and pencil when she saw a good idea coming.I enter new ideas into a pocket computer.Anything—even a napkin—will do.In a letter to a friend in 1821，Ludwig van Beethoven talked about how he thought of a beautiful tune while dozing in carriage.“But scarcely did Iawake when away flew the tune，”he wrote，“and I could not recall any part of it.”Fortunately—for Beethoven and for us—the next day in the same carriage，the tune came back to him，and this time he captured it in writing.
[G]When a good idea comes your way，write it down—on your arm if necessary.Not every idea will have value，of course.The point is to capture first and evaluate them later.
[H]Daydream.Surrealist Dali used to lie on a sofa，holding a spoon.Just as he began to fall asleep，Dali would drop the spoon onto a plate on the floor.The sound shocked him awake，and he would immediately sketch the images he had seen in hismind in that fertile world of semi-sleep.
[I]Everyone experiences this strange state，and everyone can take advantage of it.Try Dali's trick，or just allow yourself to daydream.For many，the“three b's”—bed，bath and bus—are productive.There，and anywhere else you can be with your thoughts undisturbed，you'll find that ideas emerging freely.
[J]Seek challenges.When you're stuck behind a locked door，every behavior that's ever gotten you free turns up quickly:you may push or pull on the knob，bang the door—even shout for help.Scientists call the rehappening of old behaviors in a challenging situation resurgence. The more behaviors that reappear， the greater the number of possible interconnections，and themore likely that new ideaswill occur.
[K]Edwin Land，one of America'smost prolific inventors，said that the idea that led to his invention of the Polaroid camera came from his three-year-old daughter.On a visit to Santa Fe in 1943，she asked why she couldn't see the picture he had just taken.During the next hour，as Land walked around Santa Fe，all he had learned about chemistry came together，with amazing results.Said Land，“The camera and the film became clear tome.In my mind they were so real that I spent several hours describing them.”
[L]Try inviting friends and business associations from different areas of your life to a party.Bring people of two or three generations together.This will get you thinking in new ways.Put new and crazy items—like kid's toys—on your desk.Turn pictures upside down or sideways.Themore detersive the stimulationswe receive，themore rapidly themind produces new ideas.
[M]Expand your world.Many discoveries in sciences，engineering and the arts mix ideas from different fields.Consider“The Two-String Problem”.Two widely separated strings hang from a ceiling.Even though you can't reach both at once，is it possible to tie their ends together，using only a pair of pliers?
[N]One college student found the solution almost immediately.He tied the pliers to one string and set it in motion like a pendulum（钟摆）.As it swung back and forth，he walked quickly to the other string and drew it as far forward as it would reach.Then he caught the swinging string when it passed near him and tied the two ends.Asked how he had solved the problem，the student explained he had just come from a physics class on pendulum motion.What he had learned in one context transferred to a completely different one.
[O]This principle works outside the lab as well.To enhance your creativity，learn something new.If you're a banker，take up tap dancing.If you're a nurse，try a course in mythology.Read a book on a subject you know little about.Change your daily newspaper.The new will interconnect with the old in novel and potentially fascinating ways.Becoming more creative is really just amatter of paying attention to that endless flow of ideas you produce，and learning to capture and act upon the new that'swithin you.
( )1.Amy Lowellwrote down a good idea urgently whenever she saw it coming.
( )2.Students solving the Ping-Pong ball puzzle proves that there are ways of improving creative capacity.
( )3.Many breakthroughs are themixed ideas of different fields.
( )4.Great figures fulfill their creative potential by inspiring creative ideas and then taking actions upon them.
( )5.To increase creative ability，people should always learn something new.
( )6.Creative ideas tend to emerge when one's thoughts are undisturbed.
( )7.One college student solved the Two-String problem by employing what he had learned from a physics class on pendulum motion.
( )8.Attaining creativity is just a matter of focusing on the endless flow of ideas you produce，and learning to seize and act upon the new within you.
( )9.Facing challenges，people are likely to turn to some old behaviors for solution.
( )10.We should write down a good idea immediately as itmay easily disappear.
Self-reliance
[A]As amatter of fact，it is theman's faith，not the environment that influences people's lives.A successfulman is the one who deeply trusts his inner power.He is never influenced by the environment.
[B]In Self-reliance，Ralph Waldo Emerson fundamentally showed the idea of confidence and independence.Besides，he illustrated“Showing no sympathy to the Poor”.This point of view echoes the confidence and independence.Emerson indirectly expounded the reason why a man is poor and why no sympathy should be showed to the poor.
[C]Emerson never sympathized with the person who had no relation with him.He just did what he should do.He said:“Expectme not to show causes why I seek or why Iexclude company.Then again，do not tellme，as a good man did today，ofmy obligation to put all poormen in good situations.Are theymy poor?I tell your，your foolish philanthropist，that I grudge the dollar，the dime，the cent.Igive to such men as do not belong tome and whom I do notbelong.”He believed that if these poor people are self-supported，their living conditions would be better.Helping this kind of people is to do harm to them and make them more and more poor.
[D]There is a popular saying:“If one's pocket is empty，but idea is full，that's temporary；on the contrary，if one's pocket if full，but idea is empty，that's also temporary”.Atmost time，the poor are practically those who have no independent conducts，optimistic attitudes，and adventurous spirits.They have no innovative abilities，because they never think that they should challenge life and make progress.Therefore，in many aspects，the poor are lagged behind of the society.Emerson definitely rejected to help this kind of people.
[E]However，sometimes the situation is different，just as Emerson said:“There is a class of persons to whom by all spiritual affinity I am bought and sold，for them Iwill go to prison.”This kind of people is the poor in pocket，but they are full of ideas in mind.They have the quality of confidence，of independence，but only lack ofmaterials.Emerson believed that their conditionswould be quickly improved through a period of time.
[F]The poor condition is not terrible，but the poormind is a very serious problem.The man should never help the poor with money，but give them a tool to produce wealth by themselves，or teach them to be independent and challengeable.Emerson's opinions towards the poor have given people ameaningful enlightenment.
[G]Self-reliance profoundly inspires a man to strengthen his self-confidence.A young man said in a forum:“If they are afraid of different suggestions and give up their own thinking，then that's losing themselves.Nomatter what they do，they should keep definite point of view and independent thinking.Everyone's idea is different，no one can make others’minds the samewith his.So just think about the objection butneglect the irrelevant discussion.When the man finishes his aim，all voices have stopped with it.Each man should have his virtue in tacking with all problems.”
[H]The attitudes towards life have two choices.One is to die and the other is to live.Emerson's Self-reliance teaches individuals to follow their own thoughts and take optimistic attitudes towards life.Everything has two sides，themost important is thatwhich side theman chooses.Emerson showed in hisworks that each man should be independent to cope with his problems，but not always seek for assistance.Theman can learn from the other people，buthe should make decisions by himself.Each successfulman has his own personality so that he is easy to achieve his dreams.Once a person catches the fundamental idea of self-independence and self-confidence，he can tell which is right or wrong no matter how complicated the interpersonal relationship is.Then he is likely to reject to be a parrot.
[I]It is known thatman and woman are born of inequality in human history.Nomatter how successful the women's liberation is，this bias will forever occupy people'sminds.With the development of society，some females with spirits of self-support fiercely object to this thought.
[J]It is accepted that female's social status is highly improved.According to the investigation，the female officers or managers are highly increased and account for a large proportion among the total.Besides this，mostwomen acceptmore advanced education than men.However，the prejudice originated from the history seems never to disappear from people's minds.Some women are still suffering from the prejudice in such a developed society.
[K]In modern society，females are subject tomany social protocols.For instance，there is a popular saying that“Ladies First”，and the national law also safeguards the female's rights and interests.Someone thinks themeaning implied in this phenomenon is that the society takes women as the weak，for the people who need protection are to some extent weaker than those who can dealwith problems by themselves.However，mostwomen are aware of the crisis，and most of them can dealwith their lives completely and independently.
[L]From Emerson's ideas in self-reliance，all women should own the self-reliance of mind，of economy，and of ability.He advocated the women to strive for the social status and make contributions to the society.
[M]To be a self-independent person can absolutely change one's humble life even in the backward society.Generally，the poor people are inclining to be self-reliant for coercion of life.The valuable ideaswhich Emerson showed in Self-reliance are a great help for individuals'development.These ideasmake confident and independent beings.Success is fundamentally due to these two qualities.
( )11.Inmost cases，poverty is the consequence of people lacking spirits of independence，optimism and adventure.
( )12.Instead of giving the poormoney，we should teach them the way tomake some by themselves.
( )13.A confident and independent person is unlikely to follow with the tide.
( )14.Peoplewho have faith in themselves are not likely to be influenced by the surroundings.
( )15.Much liberated though women have been，prejudice against them are still existing.
( )16.Emerson never showed sympathy to the person who should have been self-relied and believed helping justmade thingsworse.
( )17.The views Emerson has presented in self-reliance are of great value for individuals’growth and even steer them to success.
( )18.Self-reliance encourages aman to trust himself to a great extent.
( )19.Investigation indicateswomen make up a big part ofmanagement personnel.
( )20.Emerson were spiritually attracted by the kind of personswithminds full of ideas.