Part Ⅲ Reading in Depth
There are four passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choicesmarked A，B，C and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter.
The Victorian Period of English literature began with the accession（即位）of Queen Victoria to the throne in 1837，and lasted until her death in 1901.Because the Victorian Period of English literature spans over six decades，the year 1870 is often used to divide the era into“early Victorian”and“late Victorian”.
In general，Victorian literature deals with the issues and problems of the day.Some contemporary issues that the Victorians dealtwith include the social，economic，religious，and intellectual issues and problems surrounding the Industrial Revolution，growing class tensions，the early feministmovement，pressures toward political and social reform，and the impact of Charles Darwin's theory ofevolution（进化论）on philosophy and religion.
Some of themost recognized authors of the Victorian era include Alfred Lord Tennyson，Elizabeth Barrett Browning，her husband Robert，Matthew Arnold，Charles Dickens，Charlotte Brontë，George Eliot and Thomas Hardy.
Within the Victorian Period，two other literary movements，that of The Pre-Raphaelites（前拉斐尔派）（1848—1860）and themovement of Aestheticism（唯美运动）and Decadence（1880—1900），gained prominence.
In 1848，a group of English artists，including Dante Gabriel Rossetti，formed the“Pre-Raphaelites Brotherhood”.It was the aim of this group to return painting to a style of truthfulness，simplicity，and religious devotion that had reigned prior to Raphael and the high Italian Renaissance.Rossetti and his literary circle，which included his sister Christina，incorporated these ideals into their literature，and the result was that of the literary Pre-Raphaelites.
( )41.Which of the following statement is true according to the writer?
A.Charles Dickens dominated the first part of Victoria's reign.
B.Victorian Period was followed bymodernism.
C.Victorian literature is written in English during the reign of QueenVictoria.
D.The fundamental changes taking place in Victorian Period were a source of optimism.
( )42.Victorian literature was an important development of________.
A.science，philosophy and discovery
B.current issues happening every day
C.gaps between the rich and the poor
D.options available for roles ofwomen
( )43.The rise of the novelistwithin Victorian Period refers to________.
A.Deniel Defoe and Henry Fielding
B.Laurence Sterne and Mattew Arnold
C.Samuel Richardson and Charles Dickens
D.Bronte sisters and Thomas Hardy
( )44.Which of the following depicts Victorian literarymovements?
A.Decadence literary means a process of“falling away”in art and literature.
B.Aestheticism argued that art had nothing to do with morality.
C.The Pre-Raphaelites took inspirations from Edwardian.
D.Many Victorians believed that literature fulfilled ethical roles.
( )45.Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood can be best characterized as________.
A.very active from themid-19th century
B.to emphasize qualities a guiding principal for life
C.to define themselves as a reform movement
D.to provide the human body idealistically，rather than realistically
British literature includes literatures from England，Northern Ireland，Scotland and Wales.For instance，literature in Northern Ireland includes writings in English，Irish and Ulster Scots.Ireland has made enormous contributions to literature and drama both by producingmany notable authors and dramatists and by inspiring those from other countries Irish writers have played an important part in the development of literature in England and Scotland，but though the whole of Ireland was politically part of the United Kingdom between January 1801 and December 1922，it is controversial to describe Irish literature as British.For some this includesworks by authors from Northern Ireland.
Dramatists and authors are well known for their deft way with words，the way in which they so faithfully portray（描述）the land of their birth，even to the point of deriding perceived social ills of the time.Jonathan Swift，author of the infamous AModest Proposal，was an early Irish writer whose work took a decidedly political slant.However，his Gulliver's Travels was popular with readers of all ages.
Possibly one of Ireland's most famous authors，C.S.Lewis，author of the beloved children's series The Chronicles ofNarnia，was born in Belfast near the end of the nineteenth century.Lewis loved Belfast，and when as a child he was sent away to school in England，he hated being so far away from home.
William Butler Yeats was also the foremost figures of 20th century literature.His later years served as a Senator of the Irish Free State for two terms.He was a driving force behind the Irish Literary Revival（爱尔兰文学复兴）along with Lady Gregory，Edward Martyn and others.
England was ultimately rather unkind to another Irish writer too.Irish playwright Oscar Wilde was enormously popular but he ran a foul of English law and spent his declining years in France.He is best remembered for his epigrams（警句）and plays，his novel The Picture of Dorian Gray， and the circumstances of his criminal conviction for homosexuality，imprisonment，and early death at age 46.
( )46.What does the writer say about the British literature?
A.It is a combination of different literature.
B.Irish literature is definitely included in British literature.
C.British literature is an integration ofmany languages.
D.British literature is a literature of English language.
( )47.What happened during the political regime after 1923?
A.Ireland is no longer part of the British literature's origin.
B.Some admit the contribution of Ireland to the British literature.
C.Irish writers are themain stream of the British literature.
D.We acknowledge that origins of the British literature is universal.
( )48.Whatmakes Oscar so unique as an Irish playwright?
A.That he enjoysworldwide popularity.
B.That he was involved in a lawsuit and sentenced into prison.
C.That his Picture ofDorian Gray was a big seller.
D.That he was a phenomenon in 19th century England.
( )49.Who fall into the category of authors in Ireland?
A.Robert Frost and Bulter Yeats.
B.CS Lewis and Charles Dickens.
C.Jonathan Swift and OscarWilde.
D.Earnest Hemingway and CS Lewis.
( )50.Which statement fully describes as an overview of rich literary talent of Ireland?
A.Having portrayed the land of their birth in literature.
B.Taking initialmovement in the Revival.
C.Engaging in children's entertainment of readings.
D.Staying pioneering at the frontier of literature.
Shakespeare has had an enormous influence on English literature.Shakespeare，who was never afraid to innovate，contributed more than 1，700 words to the English language.More importantly，he innovated with character.For example，Hamlet has been called the first modern play because of the intense interiority of its title character.Hamlet is always thinking，and the audience is allowed to hear those thoughts through hismany soliloquies（独白）.
Because Shakespeare had a deep understanding of people from allwalks of life and created deeply imagined，well-rounded characters，the subjects of his plays sank deeply into the psyches ofmany great writers，as well as into the hearts of anyone else who experienced his work.His plotswere also very well known，and by the late eighteenth century，hewas revered
（尊敬）even though he broke all the rules of Classical drama.Thus，writers frequently allude to him，to the point that unfamiliarity with Shakespeare can rob readers ofmuch of the allusive richness of English literature.
A contemporary parallel to Shakespeare's influence would be TheWizard ofOz.Thiswork has so permeated（渗透）the American consciousness that most Americans understand immediately what such allusions（引喻）as“we're not in Kansas anymore”or“the witch is dead”mean without needing them explained or told where they come from.
Likewise，allusions to Shakespeare show up everywhere in English literature，high literature and low.For example，in Jane Austen's Emma，considered one of the greatnovels in English，Emma quotes A Midsummer's Night Dream.In popular literature，Agatha Christie's mysteries，such as Something Wicked ThisWay Comes，allude to Shakespeare.One couldmake a pastime of locating Shakespeare allusions in English literature and find them all over.For instance，“Don't act like a Romeo in front of her.”shows a passionate love for a girl，while“The place is like a Garden of Eden”is something biblical from Book ofGenesis.
( )51.Shakespeare had amomentous impact on English literature because of________.
A.Hamlet's intensemonologue in the play
B.raising questions about race and prejudice
C.his usage of English language to individualize the characters in his plays
D.transforming English theatre by expanding expectations
( )52.What can be comprehended as Shakespeare's usage of allusions?
A.He used allusions of which people are aware of.
B.His direct references enable audiences to pick up what he is talking about.
C.Some of his allusions refer to old traditions.
D.His allusions come from Latin language.
( )53.What does“We're not in Kansas anymore!”mean(in Para.3)?
A.We are away home.
B.We do not belong to the place.
C.We are in a new place right now.
D.I’m no longer a Kansas people.
( )54.Some of the origins of Shakespeare's allusions are from________.
A.playwrights and songs
B.myth and bible
C.epigrams and plays
D.traditions and norms
( )55.The reason NOT depictswhy to use allusions to draw audiences’attention is_______.
A.to create the same feeling and mood of the original work
B.for dramatic effect
C.to show characters’motives and traits
D.tomake itmore Shakespeare-like
Students should study literature to gain knowledge of the traditions and cultures associated with the time period in which the literature was produced.In addition，exposure to literature can improve a student's comprehension and reading abilities and help them to identify literary devices，such as the concepts of rhythm and beatswithin writing.
Exposure to literature may also prompt students to engage more in reading，develop an understanding of new cultures and tackle advanced passages to enhance their intellectual growth.Literature provides students with exposure to new vocabulary words，familiarity with rhythms，literary patterns and beats and creative storytelling techniques that can aid with personal and academic writing projects.
Literature is often filled with plot twists，climaxes and resolutions that can provide lessons about the structure of storytelling，writing and the use of description within prose.Because many works of literature focus on abstract problems and controversies（冲突），exposure to the literary worksmay prompt students to think critically about society，gender，race，culture and injustices.For example，if the literary piece focuses on war，studentsmay ponder the acts that led to war，current events that are related to the plot of the literature and the societal effects of war in general.
( )56.According to first paragraph，students learn literature________.
A.to communicate effectively with others
B.to know technical terms ofwriting
C.to learn deeply about the cultures
D.to acquire knowledge from the traditions
( )57.Novels，poems and essays createmany educational settings for students to________.
A.take part in social activities
B.strengthen writing skills
C.enrich vocabulary in all aspects
D.cultivate interest ofwriting
( )58.Which of the following is NOT an indication of“intellectual growth”in second paragraph?
A.To think in complex ways. B.To bementally flexible.
C.To hold ideas in theminds. D.To inherit the past experiences.
( )59.The building of critical thinking skills through literaturemeans________.
A.thinking in depth and realize the importance of hidden meanings
B.looking between the lines
C.finding symbols and connections
D.indulging personal experiences
( )60.What does the author provoke us to have for reading?
A.Reading for realism.
B.Reading for livelihood.
C.Reading for culture.
D.Reading for experience.