索 引

索 引

(索引中的页码为英文原书页码,即本书边码)

Affiliated chambers of commerce 商务分会 (ACC), 1,4,43-44;numbers of 数目,72,73; regulation of communications of 通信规章,74;Republican government and 与民国政府关系,203;three⁃tier chamber networks and government⁃business relations 三层商会网络与政-商关系,65-75. See also specific chambers 亦见具体商会

Agriculturalassociations 农会,132-133

Agricultural, Industrial, and Commercial

Bureau of South Jiangsu Province 江苏省农工商务局,176

Alcock, Rutherford 阿礼国,40

Anti⁃American boycott: background 抵制美货运动:背景,111;

Shanghai GCC and 上海商务总会与其他组织,109-110,111-119

Anti⁃Loan Public Society of Zhejiang Citizens 浙江国民拒款公会,153,154

Anti⁃taxmovements 抗税运动,139-145 

Asiatic Society 亚细亚学会,46,231n93

Associate (guild) members (huiyou) 行会会友,11

Associational networks concept 社团网络概念,xi-xvi,7-8

Banking guilds 钱业公所,27-28,29,41

Bao Youke 鲍友恪,133

Baoying ACC 宝应商务分会,91,133

Bei Runsheng贝润生,101

Beijing: chambers of commerce in北京商会,43-44,166;guilds and 行会与其他,20

Bergère, Marie⁃Claire白吉尔,11

Branch chambers of commerce商务分所 (BCC), 1,4,43-44;numbers of 数目,72-74,73; regulation of communications of 通信规章,74-75;Republican government and 与民国政府关系,203; three⁃tier chamber networks and government⁃business relations 三级商会网络与政-商关系,69-70. See also specific chambers 亦见具体的商会

British and Chinese Corporation 英国银公司,149

Brocade Guild云锦公所,33

Brokerage tax牙税,142-144

Cai Naihuang蔡乃煌,160

Cai Song蔡松,72

Canton GCC: People's Republic of China

广州商务总会:中华人民共和国时期,213;Sino⁃American joint ventures 中美合资企业,167,168

Chambers of commerce: as force in sociopolitical change商会:作为推动社会政治变化的力量,208-212; guilds and movement toward 行会与建立(商会)的运动,34-37;numbers of 商会数目,72,73;official attempts to create 政府官员尝试建立(商会),48-56;People's Republic of China and 中华人民共和国与商会,212-213;three⁃tier chamber networks and government⁃business relations 三级商会网络与政-商关系,65-75. See also specific chambers亦见具体的商会

Chan, Wellington K. K.陈锦江, 8,12

Changzhou ACC: anti⁃tax movement常州商务分会:抗税运动,142,143-144;changes among major leaders 主要领导人的变化,97;communal organizations and activities 社区组织与活动,124;constitutional reform 立宪改革运动,180, 183;merchant militia 商团,136;professional associations 职业性社团,131;railroad movement 铁路运动,155-156;Republican Revolution 共和革命,195-196;three⁃tier chamber networks and government⁃business relations 三级商会网络与政-商关系,66

Chaozhou Guild潮州会馆,24-25,32

Charitable activities of guilds 行会的慈善活动,29-35

Chen Gan陈淦,51,55

Chen Guojun陈国钧,106-107

Chen Kuilong陈夔龙,138

Chen Leting 陈乐庭,29

Chen Qimei陈其美,189-191,197,200

Chen Runfu陈润夫,25,101,130

Chen Youxiang 陈幼香,151

Chen Ziqin陈子琴,99,100-101,150

Cheng Dequan程德全,193-195,201

China Merchants' Steam Navigation Company轮船招商局,49,80,94,102

Chinese Bank中华银行,191

Chinese civil society中国市民社会,15

Chinese Communist Party中国共产党,212

Chinese Economic Revolution, A (Grove, Linda Grove)《中国经济革命》(顾琳著), 226n4

Chinese Empire ReformAssociation 保皇会,110,111-112

Chinese Exclusion Acts, of United States美国排华法案,111,112,116

Chinese Merchant Bank中国华商银行,100

Chinese Merchant Exercise Society 华商体操会,134

Chinese National Association中国国民总会,190,192

Chu Fucheng禇辅成,190,192

Cloth trade guilds布业公所,28-29

Cohong merchants 公行商人,38

Commercial legislation and jurisdiction, reformist initiatives商业立法与司法改革倡议,170-178

Commercial Study Society商学会,114,116

Common trade associations (gonghui) 公会,81

Communal organizations and activities社区组织与活动, 119-128;General Works Board 总工程局,120-122;Mixed Court Riot and 大闹会审公廨事件与其他,119-120;Nanxiang Study Society 南翔学会,125-128

Community and national issues, associational networks' expansion社区与国家问题,社团网络的扩张, 109-137;anti⁃American boycott 抵制美货运动,109-119;communal organizations and activities 社区组织与活动,119-128;merchant militias 商团,110,129,134-137;professional Associations 职业社团,129-133

Company Law《公司法》,174

Constitutional and revolutionary Movements立宪与革命运动,169-198;adjudication and mediation裁决与调解,174-175,247n16;commercial legislation and jurisdiction 商业立法和司法,170-178; constitutional reform 立宪运动,178-188. See also Republican Revolution (1911) 亦见共和革命

Constitutional reform立宪运动,178-188;National Assembly 资政院,182-184;provincial assemblies 省谘议局,179-182;self⁃government 自治运动,185-188; state⁃led国家主导,178-179

Copper coinage crisis铜钱铸币危机,139-140,145-148

Danyang ACC丹阳商务分会,144

Denby, Charles查尔斯·登比,165

Ding Jiahou丁价候,102,162

Ding Zhongli丁中立,132

Dollar,Robert 罗伯特·大来,165,167

Dong family董家,26

Dong Jiyou 董季友,177

Dongtangshi东唐市,69,70

Duanfang (Manchu Liangjiang governor⁃general)端方 (两江总督,满人),158,162,164

Duara, Prasenjit杜赞奇,205

Educationalassociations 教育会,129-132

1898 Reform戊戌变法,18,44,45,46,54

Elite merchants精英商人,4-6;bureaus of commerce and government⁃business relations 商务局与政-商关系,48-56;chambers of commerce's purposes, composition, and regulations 商会的目的、组成、和规章, 37-46;general chambers of commerce and government⁃business relation 商务总会与政-商关系,56-65;growth of guilds and 行会的增长与其他,6-9,19-29,22;linking of guilds and move toward chambers of commerce 行会的联结及其向商会发展,34-37;linking of guilds for charitable purposes and 为慈善而实现的行会联系与其他,29-35;reactions to Western chambers 对西方商会的回应,37-46;three⁃tier chamber networks and government⁃business relations 三级商会网络与政-商关系,65-75

Esherick, Joseph W.周锡瑞,12,210

Famine relief, guilds and行会与赈济饥荒 29-30,33

Fan Gongxu: Hangzou GCC and樊恭煦:与杭州商务总会,35,63,101;railroad movement 铁路运动,149,158;Republican Revolution 共和革命,194

Fangbrothers 方氏兄弟,23,26,27

Fang Chun 方椿,23

Fang Huan: constitutional reform方还:立宪运动,182,183;organizational composition and interrelations 组织构成和相互关系,105-106,107;professional associations 职业社团,132;Republican Revolution 共和革命,197

Fenghua ACC奉化商务分会,125

Financial crises, political maneuvers and金融危机,政治运作和其他,159-161

Foreign Goods Guild洋货公所,34

Fotang ACC 佛堂商务分会,71-72,74

Fujian merchant guild福建商人行会, 24-25, 113-114

Fuzhou GCC福州商务总会,168

Fuzhou Guild三山公所,25

Gangyi (Manchu minister)刚毅 (满人大臣),54

Gao Baoquan高宝铨,171,177

Gao Fengde 高凤德,101

Gao Peiqing 高培卿,130

Gao Ziheng 高子衡,63

Garrett, Shirley雪莉 S. 加勒特,8,20

Ge Mingyun 戈明云,111,113,117

General Association for Private School Reforms私塾改良总会,129

Generalchambers of commerce (GCCs): elite merchants/government control and origins of 商务总会:精英商人/政府控制及起源,56-65;numbers of 数目,1,72,73, 73;reformist plans in Beijing 北京的改革计划,43-44;regulation of communications of 通信规章,74;Republican government and 与民国政府,203;three⁃tier chamber networks and government⁃business relations 三级商会网络与政-商关系,65-75. See also specific chambers 亦见具体的商会

General Guild of Native Banks in Shanghai[上海]钱业总公所,27

General Principles of Commercial Law《商法总则》,174

General Works Board of Shanghai and Its Suburbs: communal organizations and activities上海城厢内外总工程局: 社区组织与活动,120-122,123,128,134; constitutional reform 立宪改革运动,169,185

Gongchenqiao ACC杭州拱宸桥商务分会, 67,101,187

Gongsuo (public office), guild development and, 公所与行会的发展,19-20,32

Goodman, Bryna顾德曼, 19,228n4

Grain tax米麦税,201

Great Britain, railroad loans and英国与铁路贷款,151-159

Grove, Linda顾琳,226n4

Gu Hongzao顾鸿藻,101

Gu Songqing顾松庆,102

Gu Xinyi顾馨一,151,189

Gu Zhao顾钊,102

Gu Zhongying 顾仲英,126

Guan Jiongzhi 关炯之,119-120

Guan Tingxian 管廷献,51

Guangdong chambers of commerce广东商会,114,183

Guangdong province, guilds and广东省,行会与其他,31-32

Guangxi province, guilds and广西省,行会与其他,31-32

Guang⁃Zhao Guild广肇公所,24

Guangzhou Guild岭南会馆,31

Guanxi (“connections”) 关系,xii,xvi

Guanxi capitalism 关系资本主义,6

Gui Hanxiang贵翰香,158

Guild of Grain Brokers米麦杂粮公所仁谷堂,27

Guild of Rice Retailers 米业公所嘉谷堂,27,81

Guild of Southern Remittance Shops南帮汇业公所,94

Guilds 行会,18-46;elite merchant leadership and growth of 精英商人的领导与行会的成长,6-9,19-29,22; linking of, and move toward chambers of commerce 联结与商会发展,34-37; linking of, for charitable purposes 为了慈善的联合,29-35;literati reformers and chambers of commerce's purposes, composition, and regulations 改良派士大夫与商会的目的、构成、规章 37-46;native⁃place guilds 同乡行会(会馆),21,23-26;occupational guilds 同业行会,26-29; Shanghai GCC and 与上海商务总会,80-82;tax collection 收税,23,28,29,36-37

Guo Songtao 郭松焘,47

Habermas,Jürgen 尤尔根·哈贝马斯,14-15

Haimen BCC 海门商务分所,74

Haizhou⁃Ganyu ACC: business legislation and jurisdiction 海州-赣榆商务分会:商业立法与司法,171;constitutional reform 立宪运动,182;organizational composition and interrelations 组织构成和相互关系,99;railroad movement 铁路运动,151,154

Hall of Impartial Altruism and Support for the Fundamental 同仁辅元堂,30

Hang Zuliang 杭祖良,151,154,183-184

Hangzhou 杭州,4

Hangzhou Commercial Study Society 杭州商学公会,129-130

Hangzhou GCC 杭州商务总会,69,138;anti⁃American boycott 抵制美货运动,118;business legislation and jurisdiction商业立法与司法,175-176;changes among major leaders 主要领袖的的变化,88,91,94;constitutional reform立宪运动,182,186-187;copper coinage crisis 铜钱危机,146;guilds and 与行会,35;merchant militias 商团,135;Nanyang Expo 南洋劝业会,163;organizational composition and interrelations 组织构成和相互关系,76,82-83,86,101-102;origins 起源,62-64;professional associations 职业协会,130;railroad movement 铁路运动,149,152,155, 157-158;Republican Revolution 辛亥革命,190, 192;Sino⁃American joint ventures 中美合资企业,166,168

Hankou GCC: Republican government and 汉口商务总会:与民国政府,202-203;Sino⁃American joint ventures 中美合资企业,167,168

Hong Yulin 洪毓麟,135

Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation 汇丰银行,149,159,161

Hu Shoukang 胡寿康,33

Hu Shouzang 胡寿臧,33

Hu Zaoqing 胡藻青,130,149,186-187

Huai'an ACC 淮安商务分会,81,84

Huang,Philip C. C. 黄宗智,16,211

Huaxing Fire and Flood Insurance Company 华兴水火保险公司,99

Hubei GCC 湖北商务总会,183

Huigan (meeting hall),guild development and 会馆与行会发展,19-20,32

HuzhouACC: Nanyang Expo 湖州商务分会:南洋劝业会,163;railroad movement 铁路运动,150,154;Republican Revolution 辛亥革命,190

Ichiko,Chuzo 市古宙三,14

Ikegami,Eiko 池上英子,xv

Imperial Bank of China 中国通商银行,49,50-51,55,232n14

Imperial Railroad of North China 京张铁路,157

Imperial Telegraph Administration 电报总局,49,94

Jiangsu Province 江苏省,62,65-66

Jardine,Matheson,and Company 怡和洋行,149

Jiang Bingzhang 蒋炳章,185

Jiang Yixiu 江义修,86

Jiangnan General Association for Commercial Affairs 江南商务公会,60

Jiangnan General Bureau of Commerce 江南商务总局,54,55,60,102,104

Jiangning (Nanjing) 江宁(南京),3-4

Jiangning GCC 江宁商务总会,60-61,66,71,72; anti⁃American boycott 抵制美货运动,115;changes among major leaders 主要领导的变化,88,91,94,102; constitutional reform 立宪运动,181,183;Nanyang Expo 南洋劝业会,162-164;organizational composition and interrelations 组织构成和相互关系,76,83,86; Republican government and 与民国政府,200; Sino⁃American joint ventures 中美合资企业,167,168

Jiangsu GCCs 江苏省的商务总会,181,183

Jiangsu General Association for Educational Affairs 江苏学务总会,131-132

Jiangsu Provincial Assembly 江苏谘议局,181,183,184, 193,197

Jiangsu Railroad Association 江苏铁路学会,154

Jiangsu Railroad Company 苏省铁路公司,150-151; anti⁃loan movement反借款运动,151-159

Jiangsu Study Society 江苏学会,131

Jiangsu⁃Zhejiang Allied Army 江浙联军,199,200

Jiangsu⁃Zhejiang Federation 江浙协会,154-155

Jiangxi Guild 江西会馆,25

Jiangxi Porcelain Company 江西瓷器公司,99

Jiangyin ACC 江阴商务分会,143

Jiang⁃Zhe Railroad Directors' Federation 苏浙铁路董事局联合会,155

Jiaxing ACC: business legislation and jurisdiction 嘉兴商务分会:商业立法与司法,171,175-176,177;Nanyang Expo 南洋劝业会,163;railroad movement 铁路运动,152,154; Republican Revolution 辛亥革命,190,192

Jiaxing GCC 嘉兴商务总会,64-65

Jin Yuesheng 金月笙,101-102,186

Jing Yuanshan 经元善,30-31,44

Jintan ACC金坛商务分会,156

Johnson,F. B. F. B.约翰逊,40

Joint⁃stock companies 股份公司,41,42,43,47;bureaus of commerce and official control 商局与官府控制,48-56

Kang Youwei 康有为,43,46,53-54,111,112

Kohama Masako 小浜正子,16

Kuhn,Philip 孔飞力,12

Kunshan⁃Xinyang ACC: changes among major leaders 昆山-新阳商务分会:主要领导的变化,87-88,91,105-106;communal organizations and activities 社区组织与活动,124-125;constitutional reform 立宪运动,180-181, 183;Lujiabang BCC and 菉葭浜商务分所,106-108;organizational composition and interrelations 组织构成和相互关系,81,83,84

Kunshan⁃Xinyang Office for Self⁃Government Preparation 昆新筹备自治公所,107

Kurahashi Masanao 倉橋正直,20

Lan Weiwen 蓝蔚雯,23,24

Law for Chambers of Commerce 《商会法》,204

Li family 李家,26,27

Li Hongxiang 李鸿祥,100

Li Hongzhang 李鸿章,5,31,47-48,49,50,55-56

Li Houyou: business legislation and jurisdiction 李厚佑:商业立法与司法,171-173;communal organizations and activities 社区组织与活动,122,123;constitutional reform 立宪运动,183;financial crises 金融危机,159;merchant militias 商团,135;organizational composition and interrelations 组织构成和相互关系,99-100;professional associations 职业协会,130;railroad movement 铁路运动,149, 150,153,157;Republican Revolution 辛亥革命,189

Li Kai 李垲,150

Li Qingzhao 李庆钊,105-106

Li Shuxun 李树勋,127,128,197-198

Li Tingbang 李廷榜,127,128

Li Weizhuang 李薇庄,100

Li Xiehe 李燮和,190-191

Li Xieqing 李屑青,100

Li Yongshang 李咏裳,26

Li Zhengwu 李征五,100,189

Li Zhongjue: General Works Board 李钟珏:总工程局,120,121,122;merchant militias 商团,134;Republican government and 与民国政府,200;Republican Revolution 辛亥革命,188-190

Liang Cheng 梁诚,112,114,115

Liang Qichao 梁启超,112

Lijin tax 厘金,29,37,181-182

Lin Jingzhou 林景周,123,185

Lin Liansun 林莲荪,85

Lishui ACC 丽水商务分会,156

Literati reformers,chambers' purposes,composition,and regulations 改良派士大夫与商会的目的、构成、规章,37-46

Liu Guixin 刘桂馨,136,150

Liu Kunyi 刘坤一,53-55

Liu Shihang 刘士珩,60,102,129

Liu Xiejun 刘燮钧,132,171

Liyang ACC 凓阳商务分会,156

Local Self⁃Government Investigation and Study Society of Jiangsu Province 苏省地方自治调查研究会,185-186

Lower Yangzi region 江南地区,3,4-6,226n5;socioeconomic conditions in 社会经济状况,2-6,226n8

Lu Runxiang 陆润庠,52,53

Lujiabang BCC 菉葭浜商务分所,106-108,147

Luodian ACC 罗店商务分会,147,156,175

Ma Jianzhong 马建忠,47

Ma Min 马敏,10-11

Ma Xiangbo 马相伯,117,173

MacGowan,D. J. D. J. 玛高温,20,35

Mao Zumo 毛祖模,58,233n38

Meili ACC: anti⁃tax movement 梅里商务分会:抗税运动,143;business legislation and jurisdiction 商业立法与司法,178;organizational composition and interrelations 组织构成和相互关系,81,83,84;origins 起源,68-69, 70;railroad movement 铁路运动,156

Merchant Associations,proposed by Nationalist Party 国民党计划商民协会,206

Merchant militias 商团,110,129,134-137; Republican Revolution辛亥革命,189-193

Merchant Shipping Guild 商船会馆,26

Minhang ACC 闵行商务分会,156

Ministry of Agriculture,Industry,and Commerce 农工商部,70,71;business legislation and jurisdiction 商业立法与司法,172,174,177-178;commercial study societies 商学会,129;communications with chambers与商会的沟通,68,74;organizational composition and interrelations 组织构成和相互关系,84,98,105,107; professional associations 职业协会,129,132-133

Ministry of Commerce: anti⁃American boycott 商部:抵制美货运动,111,113,114,117-118; commercial legislation and jurisdiction 商业立法和司法,143;early chambers 早期商会,59-62,64,65-70, 74;merchant militias 商团,135;organizational composition of chambers 商会组织构成,76,78,79,84; railroad movement 铁路运动,149,150-151,152;Republican government and 与民国政府,205; Republican Revolution 辛亥革命,175,176

Ministry of Industry and Commerce 工商部,202-203

Mixed Court Riot大闹会审公廨事件,119-120

Municipal Council of the International Settlement in Shanghai 上海公共租界工部局,40

Nanjing GCC 南京商务总会,201,203

Nanjing Provisional Government 南京临时政府,199-200

Nanxiang ACC 南翔商务分会,125-128,197

Nanxiang Study Society 南翔学会,125-128,197

Nanyang Expo 南洋劝业会,159,161-165

Nanyang'an BCC 南洋岸商务分所,71,74

Napier,William John 律劳卑,38

National Assembly, constitutional reform and 资政院,与立宪运动,182-184

National Federation of Agricultural Associations 全国农务联合会,133

National Federation of Merchant Militias 全国商团公会,189

National Union of Chinese Chambers of Commerce 中华全国商会联合会,202-204,206

Nationalist Party 国民党,204

Native Banks' Guild of Northern Shanghai 上海北市钱业会馆,41

Native⁃place guilds 同乡行会(会馆),21,23-26

Negishi Tadashi 根岸佶,8,20,228n14

New Policy Reform (xinzheng) 新政,1,9,56

Ni Kaiding 倪开鼎,154,186

Ni Sijiu 倪思九,34,86,100

1905 anti⁃American boycott 1905年抵制美货运动. See Anti⁃American boycott 见抵制美货运动

1911 Revolution 辛亥革命. See Republican Revolution (1911) 见共和革命

Ningbo GCC: changes among major leaders 宁波商务总会:主要领导的改变,91,94,99,102;constitutional reform 立宪运动,180;organizational composition and interrelations 组织构成和相互关系,76,83,86;origins 起源,64; railroad movement 铁路运动,154,155,158; Republican Revolution 辛亥革命,192-193;Sino⁃American joint ventures 中美合资企业,166

Ningbo Guild 四明公所,23-24,29-30

Occupational guilds 同业行会,26-29

Opium War 鸦片战争,38

Organizational composition andinterrelations 组织构成和相互关系,9-13,76-108;age of elite merchants and directors 精英商人和董事的年龄,87-88;business background of elite merchants and directors 精英商人和董事的商业背景,92-97,96;changes among major leaders 主要领导的改变,97-108;internal structures and interconnections,development of 内部结构和相互联结的发展,77-87;regional origins of elite merchants and directors 精英商人和董事的地域来源,88-90,90

Pan Chiwen 潘赤文,101,102,186

Pan Tingcong 潘廷枞,142

Pan Zuqian 潘祖谦,34,61;anti⁃tax movement 抗税运动, 140;constitutional reform 立宪运动,186; professional associations 职业协会,130

Pang Bingquan 庞秉铨,34

Pang Yuanji 庞元济,56

Peng Fusun 彭福孙,34,61,130,154

People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国,212-213

Peripheral (guild) members (waiwei chengyuan) 行会外围成员,11

Pingwang ACC 平望商务分会,156

Political maneuvers,in commercial and industrial affairs 工商业事务中的政治运作,13-17,138-168;anti⁃tax movements 抗税运动,139-145;copper coinage crisis 铜钱危机,139-140,145-148;financial crises 金融危机, 159-161;Nanyang Expo 南洋劝业会,159,161-165; railroad formations 铁路建设,148-151;railroads and anti⁃loan movement 铁路运动与反借款运动,151-159;Sino⁃American joint ventures 中美合资企业,159,165-168

Porter,F.F. 波特,40

Preparatory Office of the Union of Chinese Chambers of Commerce 华商联合会办事处,173,183

Professionalassociations 职业协会,110,129-133,238n4

Provincial assemblies, constitutional reform and 省谘议局与立宪运动,178-179

Qian Xiaoming 钱小明,99

Qiantang County 钱塘县,186

Qin Yunbing 秦运炳,102

Qing State Bank 大清银行,200

Qingjiangpu ACC清江浦商务分会,174

Qingkuan (Manchu official) 庆宽 (满族官员),54

Railroad movement铁路运动,63-64,95;anti⁃loan movement and nationalist purpose 反借款运动与民族主义目的,151-159;formation of Zhejiang and Jiangsu Railroad companies 江苏和浙江铁路公司的成立,148-151

Rankin,Mary Backus 冉枚铄,8,12,14,30

Red Cross,in China 红十字会在中国,25

Ren Xifen 任锡汾,132,151

Renhe County 仁和县,186

Republican governments,nationwide chambers and 民国政府与全国性商会,199-207

Republican Revolution (1911)共和革命 (辛亥革命),1,11,14,15, 17,168,169-170,188-198,199,210-211; pressure on Qing court 清朝朝廷面对的压力,189,193-198;support of revolutionary parties 对革命党的支持,189-193

Restoration Society 光复会,189,190,191

Revolutionary Alliance 同盟会,189-192,200

Rhoads,Edward J. M. 路康乐,11-12,14,210-211

Rockhill,William 柔克义,112,114,116,119

Roosevelt,Theodore 西奥多·罗斯福,114,116

Rowe,William T. 罗威廉,14-15,21,228n14

Rubber stock collapse 橡皮股票风潮,160

RugaoACC 如皋商务分会,181,191

Ruian ACC 瑞安商务分会,149

Sauce Guild 酱业公所,34

Self⁃Government Office of Shanghai City 上海城自治公所,185,189,190

Sha Yuanbing 沙元炳,132,150

Shanghai 上海,2-4;elite merchant leadership and growth of guilds 精英商人领导体制和行会的成长,19-29,22;guilds and charity 行会与慈善,29-31

Shanghai ACC: business legislation and jurisdiction 沪南商务分会:商业立法与司法,175;changes among major leaders 主要领导的改变,98-101

Shanghai Branch Bureau of Commerce 上海商务分局,55

Shanghai Bureau of Commerce 上海商务局,5

Shanghai CCA: expansion to communal activities 上海商业会议公所:扩张到社区事务,109-110;Guang⁃Zhao Guild and 广肇公所与,24;Imperial Bank of China directors and 中国通商银行的董事与,51,55;native⁃place guilds 同乡行会, 24-26;Ningbo Guild 四明公所,23-24,229n18;occupational guilds 同业行会,26-29;origins and early leadership 起源与早期领导体制,1,57-60;Yan Xinhou and 严信厚与,5,23,31,51,57-58,98

Shanghai Commercial Association 上海商务公所,200

Shanghai Commercial Study Society 上海商学会,129, 171-174,241n75

Shanghai GCC: affiliated chambers and 上海商务总会:与商务分会,68,71;anti⁃American boycott 抵制美货运动,109-119; anti⁃tax movement 抗税运动,141,143;business legislation and jurisdiction 商业立法与司法,171-176;categories of membership 会员的类型,78-79;changes among major leaders 主要领导的改变,87-90,88,90, 92-94,93,97,98-101,102;communal organizations and activities 社区组织与活动,123-124;constitutional reform 立宪运动,169,179-180,183, 184-185;copper coinage crisis 铜钱危机,146,147, 148;financial crises 金融危机,159-161;General Works Board 总工程局,120-122;merchant militias 商团, 134,135;Mixed Court Riot 大闹会审公廨事件,119-120;Nanyang Expo 南洋劝业会,162-165;organizational composition and interrelations 组织构成和相互关系,76,79-82, 81,85-86;People's Republic of China and 中华人民共和国与,213;professional associations 职业协会,129, 130;railroad movement 铁路运动,63,150-154;reorganized by Nationalist Party 国民党重组,206; Republican government and 与民国政府,200;Republican Revolution 辛亥革命,189,191; Sino⁃American joint ventures 中美合资企业,165,167, 168;Xu Run and 与徐润,24,28,30,32,60;Yan Xinhou and 与严信厚,31,51,60,86,94,98,217; Yun Zuqi and 与恽祖祁,97

Shanghai Hall for Benevolent Assistance 上海仁济堂,31,36

Shanghai Merchant Militia Federation 上海商团公会,134

Shanghai Office for Relief Cooperation 上海协赈公所,30

Shanghai Study Society 沪学会,114,115,116,117, 134

Shanghai WGCC: Guo Songtao and 上海西商总商会:郭松焘,47;members' nationalities 成员国籍,39;power and influence of 力量和影响,38-41;Sino⁃American joint ventures 中美合资企业,165

Shanghui(merchant society) 商会(商人协会),47-48;Imperial Bank of China as 中国通商银行作为商会,50-51,232n14

Shanyin⁃Kuaiji ACC 山阴-会稽商务分会,91

Shao Qintao 邵琴涛,101,160

Shao Xi 邵羲,182

Shaoxing ACC 绍兴商务分会,163,175-176

Shen Manyun: constitutional reform 沈缦云:立宪运动,85,123,183-184;organizational composition and interrelations 组织构成和相互关系,85;Republican government and 与民国政府,200;Republican Revolution 辛亥革命,189,190,191

Shen Shantong 沈善同,37

Shen Shoulian 沈守廉,63

Shen Yunpei 沈云沛,99

Shenbao (Shanghai Daily) 申报,57,112,113

Sheng Pingzhi 盛萍旨,64

Sheng Xuanhuai 盛宣怀,80,103;bureaus of commerce 商局,49-51,56;charitable activities 慈善活动,25,31;constitutional reform 立宪运动, 173-174;railroad movement 铁路运动,151,158;Shanghai CCA and 与上海商业会议公所,57-60

Shengshi Weiyan (Zheng Guanying) 《盛世危言》(郑观应著),42

Shengze,guilds and 盛泽,行会及其他, 36

Shengze ACC: anti⁃tax movement 盛泽商务分会:抗税运动,143;changes among major leaders 主要领导的改变,87-88,88, 91,91;constitutional reform 立宪运动,180,181;copper coinage crisis 铜钱危机,147;organizational composition and interrelations 组织构成和相互关系,81,83,84; railroad movement 铁路运动,156

Shi Ying 施莹,186

Shi Zejing 施则敬,51,55,86

Shi Zhaoxiang 施兆祥,121

Shibao (The Eastern Times) 《时报》,112-113

Shils,Edward 爱德华·希尔斯,15

Shimonoseki,Treaty of 马关条约,42,43,51

Shipping guilds 商船会馆,26

Shipu ACC 石浦商务分会,91

Shuanglin,guilds and 双林,行会及其他,36-37

Sijing ACC 泗泾商务分会,173

Silk Fabric Guild 七襄公所,33,230n45

Silk Guild 丝业会馆,28

Silk trade: affiliated chambers and 丝绸贸易:与商务分会,67;bureaus of commerce and 与商务局,55-56;guilds and 与行会,20,28,32-33,36-37

Sino⁃American joint ventures中美合资企业,159,165-168

Sino⁃Japanese War (甲午)中日战争,42

Small Sword Uprising 小刀会起义,24

Society for Constitutional Preparation 预备立宪公会,171-174,182

Society for Martial Exertion 振武宗社,123

Soda Saburo 曽田 三郎,20

Sojourners,constitutional reform and 侨民,与立宪运动,180-181

Song Enquan 宋恩铨,102,162

Song Hanzhang 宋汉章,200

Song Jiaoren 宋教仁,189

Song Meiyun 宋美云,225n10

Songjiang ACC: anti⁃tax movement 松江商务分会:抗税运动,142,144;communal organizations and activities 社区组织与活动,124;railroad movement 铁路运动,152;Republican Revolution 辛亥革命,191;three⁃tier chamber networks and government⁃business relations 三级商会网络与政-商关系,66-67

South Shanghai ACC:changes among major leaders 沪南商务分会:主要领导的改变,90;constitutional reform 立宪运动,184-185;financial crises 金融危机,161;organizational composition and interrelations 组织构成和相互关系,81,83,84,85;Republican government and 与民国政府,202;Republican Revolution 辛亥革命,190,191;Sino⁃American joint ventures 中美合资企业,167

South Shanghai BCC: business legislation and jurisdiction 沪南商务分所:商业立法与司法,171;changes among major leaders 主要领导的改变,90,100;constitutional reform 立宪运动, 179-180,185;General Works Board and 与总工程局,122;merchant militias 商团,134;organizational composition and interrelations 组织构成和相互关系,81,83,85;professional associations 职业协会,129;railroad movement 铁路运动,150,151;Sino⁃American joint ventures 中美合资企业,166;three⁃tier chamber networks and government⁃business relations 三级商会网络与政-商关系,69,70

South Shanghai Merchant Militia 南市商团公会,134,136

Southern Jiangsu Coalition of Chambers of Commerce 苏属商会联合会,181

Soy sauce tax 酱油税,140-142,144

Soybean Guild 豆业公所萃秀堂,26-27

Spare⁃Time Study Society for Commercial Learning 商余协会,134

Stamp tax 印花税,144-145

Strand,David 史谦德,14

Study Society for Family Reform 家政改良研究会,123

Study Society for Local Public Welfare 地方公益研究会, 123

Study Society for Local Self⁃Government 地方自治研究会,123

Study Society for the National Strength 强学会,44,45,46

Su Baosen 苏葆森,150

Su Benyan 苏本炎,85,134

Sugar guild 糖业行会,81

Sun Duosen 孫多森,99,129,153,158

Sun Duoxin 孫多鑫,99,129

Sun Tiansheng 孙天生,197

Sun Yat⁃sen 孙中山,199,201-202. See also Revolutionary Alliance 亦见同盟会

Sun Yirang 孙诒让,132,149

Suzhou 苏州,4,20,31

Suzhou Anti⁃Loan Society 苏州拒款会,154,155

Suzhou Cotton Mill 苏纶纱厂,103

Suzhou GCC: anti⁃tax movement 苏州商务总会:抗税运动,140-144;business legislation and jurisdiction 商业立法与司法,171,175-177;changes among major leaders 主要领导的改变,87, 88,91,94-95,100,102-104;constitutional reform 立宪运动,183,184,185-186;copper coinage crisis 铜钱危机,146,148;financial crises 金融危机,161;Nanyang Expo 南洋劝业会,162;organizational composition and interrelations 组织构成和相互关系,76,81,82, 85-86,107;origins 起源,31,34,61;professional associations 职业协会,133;railroad movement 铁路运动,150-154,158;Republican government and 与民国政府, 201,203;Republican Revolution 辛亥革命,193, 194;Sino⁃American joint ventures 中美合资企业,165, 166,168;three⁃tier chamber networks and government⁃business relations 三级商会网络与政商关系,68-69,70; You Xianjia and 与尤先甲,33,34

Suzhou General Association for Agriculture 苏州农务总会,133

Suzhou Merchant Exercise Society 苏商体育会,135,136

Suzhou Office of Educational Affairs 苏州学务公所,130

Suzhou Silk Filature 苏经丝厂,103

Suzhou Silk⁃Weaving Gongsuo 苏郡机业公所,32

Suzhou⁃Hangzhou⁃Ningbo railroad 苏杭甬铁路,150, 151-152,157,188

Taizhou County 泰州县,70-71

Tan Sitong 谭嗣同,43

Tang Shouqian: railroad movement 汤寿潜:铁路运动,149,150,157,158,181-182;Society for Constitutional Preparation 预备立宪公会,171

Taxes: anti⁃tax movement 税:抗税运动,139-145;constitutional reform 立宪运动,181-182;guilds and collection of 行会与收(税),23,28,29,36-37;Lijin tax 厘金,29,37,181-182;Republican government and 与民国政府,201

Tea Guild 茶业会馆,28,29-30

Tea trade,bureaus of commerce and 茶叶贸易,与商务局,55-56

Textile firms 纺织企业,52

three⁃tier chamber networks and government⁃business relations 三级商会网络与政-商关系,65-75

Tianjin GCC 天津商务总会,166,167,168,203

Tobacco guild 烟草行会,81

Tong⁃Chong⁃Hai GCCC 通崇海花业总会,62,65,71; anti⁃American boycott 抵制美货运动,115,118;anti⁃tax movement 抗税运动,143;changes among major leaders 主要领导的改变,102,104; constitutional reform 立宪运动,187;merchant militias 商团,135-136;organizational composition and interrelations 组织构成和相互关系,76,82, 86;professional associations 职业协会,132-133;railroad movement 铁路运动,150,152;Republican Revolution of 1911 辛亥革命,191

Tong⁃Chong⁃Hai⁃Tai GCC 通崇海泰商务总会,86

Tongxiang ACC 桐乡商务分会,175-176 

Tongzhou ACC 通州商务分会,86

Tongzhou Affiliated Association for Agriculture 通州农务分会,132-133

Tsin,Michael 迈克尔·秦,206

Tu Yunfeng 屠云峰,27-28

Urban Federation of Northwestern Neighborhoods 西北城地方联合会,123,185

Urban Federation of Southeastern Neighborhoods 东南城地方联合会,123,185

Urban Residents' Association of Guanqian Street 观前街市民公社,186

Wang Dafu 王达夫,149

Wang Dajun 汪大钧,45

Wang Jialiu 王驾六,151

Wang Kangnian 汪康年,45,46,57

Wang Nashan 王纳善,128

Wang Pengyun 王鹏运,52

Wang Qingmu 王清穆,114,150,158

Wang Shuhuai 王树槐,226n8

Wang Tao 王韬,42

Wang Tongyu 王同愈,61,82,104,171;professional associations 职业协会,130,131;railroad movement 铁路运动, 150,151,154,158

Wang Weiliang 王维亮,127,128

Wang Weitai 王维泰,126,127,128

Wang Wenshao 王文韶,51,151

Wang Xifan 王锡蕃,53

Wang Xirong 王锡荣,102,130,157,182

Wang Yudian 王禹甸,125

Wang Zhen: business legislation and jurisdiction 王震:商业立法与司法,171;financial crises 金融危机,161;General Works Board and 总工程局,122;merchant militias 商团,134;organizational composition and interrelations 组织构成和相互关系,85,100;professional associations 职业协会,129;railroad movement 铁路运动,150;Republican government and与民国政府,200;Republican Revolution 辛亥革命,189,190,191

Wangjiangjing ACC 王江泾商务分会,145-146

Wangluo (network) 网络,xii

Wenzhou,guilds and 温州,与行会,35-36

Wenzhou ACC 温州商务分会,67,212-213

Wu Chuanji 吴传基,64,102,154

Wu Enyuan 吴恩元,187

Wu Qing 吴清,187

Wu Zhaoen 吴兆恩,66,196

Wu Zhaopei 吴肇培,187

Wu Zihe 吴子和,34

Wuchang uprising 武昌起义. See Republican Revolution (1911) 见辛亥革命

Wujiang⁃Zhenze ACC: anti⁃tax movement 吴江-震泽商务分会:抗税运动,143;changes among major leaders 主要领导的改变,87;copper coinage crisis 铜钱危机,147,148;organizational composition and interrelations 组织构成和相互关系,81,83,84,86;railroad movement 铁路运动,152-153

Wukang ACC 武康商务分会,176

WusongACC 吴淞商务分会,191

Wuxi⁃Jinkui ACC: anti⁃tax movement 无锡-金匮商务分会:抗税运动,143;changes among major leaders 主要领导的改变,91,104;merchant militias 商团,136;organizational composition and interrelations 组织构成和相互关系,85;professional associations 职业协会,133;railroad movement 铁路运动,152;Sino⁃American joint ventures 中美合资企业,166

Xi Zipei 席子佩,112

Xiamen GCC 厦门商务总会,213

Xiashi ACC 硖石商务分会,187,190

Xie Lunhui 谢纶辉,28,51,55

Xin Zhonngguo bao (New China Daily) 《新中国报》,112

Xincheng Bank 信成银行,85,191

Xu,Xiaoqun 徐小群,16,238n4

Xu Baoshan 徐宝山,196,197

Xu Chunrong 许春荣,29

Xu Dinglin 许鼎霖,99,132,171;constitutional reform 立宪运动,182-183;railroad movement 铁路运动,150-151,154

Xu Dingxin 徐鼎新,92,99

Xu Guangpu 徐光溥,171,187,188

Xu Junyuan 徐俊元,34

Xu Qin 徐勤,43

Xu Rongcun 徐荣村,24

Xu Run 徐润,30,49,99,129;anti⁃American boycott 抵制美货运动,114;guilds and 与行会,24,28,31; Shanghai GCC and 与上海商务总会,32,60,80,94

Xue Nanming 薛南溟,143

Yan Xinhou 严信厚,5-6,46,51,54,55,63,232n14; anti⁃American boycott 抵制美货运动,113,114;financial crises 金融危机,160;guilds and 与行会,23,29-30,31;organizational composition and interrelations 组织构成和相互关系,86,94,98,99,101;railroad movement 铁路运动,149,150;Shanghai CCA and 与上海商业会议公所, 5,23,31,51,57-58,98;Shanghai GCC 上海商务总会, 31,51,60,86,94,98,217

Yan Yibin: financial crises 严义彬:金融危机,160,232n14;Nanyang Expo 南洋劝业会,162;organizational composition and interrelations 组织构成和相互关系,98-99,100-101

Yan Ying 严滢,51

Yang Shiqi 杨士琦,59-60;anti⁃American boycott 抵制美货运动,111,113,114,116

Yang Tinggao 杨廷杲,51

Yang Xinzhi 杨信之,150,189

Yangzhou ACC 扬州商务分会,196

Yao Wennan 姚文楠,121

Ye Huijun 叶惠钧,189

Ye Zengming 叶增铭,134

Yexie ACC 叶榭商务分会,147

Yiwu,affiliated chamber in 义乌,商务分会,71

Yixing⁃Jingxi ACC 宜兴-荆溪商务分会,151;constitutional reform 立宪运动,180-181

You Xianjia: business legislation and jurisdiction 尤先甲:商业立法与司法,171;chamber origins and 与商会起源,61;constitutional reform 立宪运动,186;guilds and 与行会, 33,34;organizational composition and interrelations 组织构成和相互关系,102-104;professional associations 职业协会,130,132,133;railroad movement 铁路运动,150,154

Yu Dingyi 于定一,124,183

Yu Dingyuan 于鼎源,196

Yu Heping 虞和平,20

Yu Pinghan 郁屏翰,122,123,134

Movement运动,150,151;Republican Revolution 辛亥革命,191

Zhou Xiangling 周湘舲,130

Zhu Baosan 朱葆三,31,51;General Works Board 总工程局,121,122;organizational composition and interrelations 组织构成和相互关系,99;railroad movement 铁路运动,150;Republican government and 与民国政府,200-201;Republican Revolution 辛亥革命,191

Zhu Dachun 祝大椿,85

Zhu Jinshou 朱金绶,107

Zhu Tinghua 祝廷华,132

Zhu Wulou 朱五楼,200

Zhu Yilie 朱诒烈,132

Zhu Ying 朱英,10-11,15

Zhu Zhen 祝震,182

Zongli yamen 总理衙门,50-51,52

Zou Zongqi 邹宗琪,135