London：The Olympic City and the Fashion City 伦敦—...
London, the capital of Britain, is a city full of art and history, an important political center and a fashion city, a huge financial market place and a cosmopolitan capital. The city is made up of a"collection of villages"，each area with its own character and community.It is also one of the Olympic cities in history, the site for Olympics for three times.
英国首都伦敦是一座艺术气息和历史氛围浓郁的都城，重要的政治中心和时尚之城，巨大的金融市场和国际化大都市。这个城市是一个“乡村集散地”，每个地方都有自己的特色和社区。它还是历史上的奥运之城，曾经三次举办奥运会。
●The Birth, Development and Olympic Glory of the Historical City 历史之城的诞生、发展与奥运荣光
The name"London"is derived from"Londinium"in Celtic. In 43AD, the Celtic invaded Britain, and built a bridge across the Thames River.After they found it a favorable geographical location, they added a port.In 50AD, the Roman merchants built a town nearby the bridge.So London was born.
Since 1801，London has become the world's largest city because of its superior achievements in politics, economy, culture, entertainment, science and technology. London is not only the British political center, but also the headquarters of international organizations.London is a diverse city.Its people are from all over the world, with a plurality of race, religion and culture.There are more than 300 languages used in the city.London is the world's largest financial center, the world's most important economic centerand the world famous tourist resort, with numerous attractions and museums.
London is by far the host city of the most Summer Olympics and the first city to host Summer Olympics for three times in history. The first time is 1908 Summer Olympics, the second is 1948 Summer Olympics and the third is 2012 Summer Olympics.
“伦敦”这一名字是来自凯尔特语的Londinium。公元43年，凯尔特人入侵英国，之后他们修建了一座跨越泰晤士河的桥梁，接着他们发现这里有利的地理位置，又修建了一座港口。公元50年前后，罗马商人又在桥边兴建了一个城镇，伦敦由此而诞生。
从1801年起，伦敦因其在政治、经济、人文、娱乐、科技发明等领域上的卓越成就，成为全世界最大的都市。伦敦不仅是英国的政治中心，也是国际组织总部的所在地。伦敦是一个多元化的大都市，居民来自世界各地，多元化的种族、宗教和文化，城市中使用的语言超过300种。伦敦也是全球最大的金融中心，世界上最重要的经济中心和世界闻名的旅游胜地，拥有数量众多的名胜景点与博物馆等。
伦敦是迄今为止举办夏季奥运会次数最多的城市，也是历史上首座三度举办奥运会的城市，第一次：1908年伦敦奥运会；第二次：1948年伦敦奥运会；第三次：2012年伦敦奥运会。
●The Fashion Capital and the Shopping Paradise 时尚之都与购物天堂
In 2011，London beat Paris of France, New York of America, becoming the real fashion capital of the world. It was partly caused by the wedding of Will and Kate.However, London is worth the name of fashion with a long history.It is the first choice for fashion shopping.
London is a shopping paradise. There are a variety of commodities, from expensive luxury goods to cheap popular ones, from high-tech computer products to handicraft ones.There are many
highly unique shopping districts in London. Some areas are the collecting and distributing centers of a commodity.Others are selling all kinds of goods.
The Oxford Street is an important shopping street in London. There gathered more than 300 world brand stores and large shopping malls.Selfridges, the representative of fashion and edgy, appears in the starting point of the street, near the Triumphal Arch subway station.There are also large flagship stores of Nike Town and Topshop, public fashion brand shops of Zara and MUJI, and so on.Those shops of care-free styles for young people are also very conspicuous.This shopping street is known as Europe's busiest street.
2011年，伦敦一举击败法国巴黎和美国纽约，成为真正的全球时尚之都。其部分原因也是因为威廉王子和凯特王妃的大婚，但是伦敦是一个名副其实的历史悠久的时尚之都，也是时尚购物的首选地。
伦敦是一个购物天堂，从昂贵的奢侈品到经济实惠的大众化商品，从高科技计算机产品到手工艺品，都可以在这里找到。伦敦有许多自成一格的购物区，有些地区专门是某项商品的集散地，有些地区则是五花八门。
牛津街是伦敦重要的购物街，超过300家的世界品牌店及大型商场云集于此。在街的起点、靠近地铁凯旋门站的地方，就能看到时尚前卫的代表塞尔福里奇百货公司。还有耐克城、拓扑肖普的大型旗舰店，扎拉、无印良品等大众时尚品牌店。那些面向年轻人的随意轻松风格的店铺也很引人注目。这条购物街被誉为“欧洲最繁忙的街道”。
●Human Landscape of Historic Significance 具有历史意义的人文景点
London—the capital of England, is a racial, religious and cultural melting pot. The antiques and art treasures from every country as well as numerous exhibitions and performances can make you travel around the world within London.
伦敦——英国的首都，一座种族、宗教与文化的大熔炉。来自各个国家的古董和艺术珍品、不计其数的展出表演，让你不出伦敦便环游世界。
Millennium Wheel：The London Eye 千禧之轮——伦敦眼
The London Eye is a giant Ferris wheel situated on the bank of the Thames River in London, England. The entire structure is 135 meters tall and the wheel has a diameter of 120 meters.It is the tallest Ferris wheel in Europe, and the most popular attraction in the United Kingdom, visited by over 3.5 million people annually.When erected in 1999 it was the tallest Ferris wheel in the world, until surpassed first by the 160 m Star of Nanchang in 2006 and then the 165 m Singapore Flyer in 2008.
The London Eye, or Millennium Wheel, was officially called the British Airways London Eye and then the Merlin Entertainments London Eye. Since 20 January，2011，its official name is the EDF Energy London Eye.London Eye was originally the temporary building for the 2000 celebration and would be removed after 5 years.But it was very popular to Englishmen and tourists.Therefore, the local city council decided to reserve the London Eye and protect it as a London landmark.
伦敦眼是个巨大的摩天轮，坐落在泰晤士河畔。总高度为135米，直径为120米。伦敦眼是欧洲最大的摩天轮，也是英国红极一时的旅游景点，每年的游客多达350万人。它于1999年开幕，曾经是世界最大的观景摩天轮，后来仅次于2006年新建的南昌之星与2008年建造的新加坡观景轮。
伦敦眼又称为千禧之轮，官方命名为英国航空伦敦眼，后来又叫默林娱乐伦敦之眼。2011年1月20日以后，官方称为英国电网伦敦之眼。伦敦眼本是英国为庆祝2000年的来临而兴建的暂时性建筑，原定5年后拆卸。不过它极受英国人及游客欢迎，当地市议会于是决定长期保留伦敦眼，并把它作为伦敦的地标进行维护。
The Alternative Camden Market 另类的卡姆登市场
The Camden Markets are a number of adjoining large retail markets in Camden Town, often collectively named"Camden Market"or"Camden Lock". Among products sold on the stalls are crafts, clothing, bric-a-brac, and fast food.It is the fourth-most popular visitor attraction in London, attracting approximately 100，000 people each weekend.A small local food market that has operated in Inverness Street since the beginning of the 20th century has lost stalls since local supermarkets opened, and this market retains only three fruit and vegetable stalls（which are closed on Sundays），in addition to stalls for other products.Since 1974 a small weekly crafts market that has operated every Sunday near Camden Lock has developed into alarge complex of markets.The markets have a mixture of temporary stalls and fixed premises.The Camden Markets are becoming London's most famous flea markets, with the unexpected alternative goods.
卡姆登市场是坐落在卡姆登镇的一连串相邻的大型零售市场，这些市场通常集体命名为“卡姆登集市”或“卡姆登劳克市场”。摊位上的产品中包括工艺品、服装、装饰品和快餐。这里是伦敦第四大受游客欢迎的景点，每个周末都要吸引将近10万名游客。这是局限于弗内斯街一代的小型地方食品市场，自从20世纪初当地超市开业以来，已经失去了原有的摊位，这个集市仅存三个水果和蔬菜摊位（星期日不营业），以及少许其他摊位。自1974年以来，在卡姆登劳克市场附近开设了一个小型的每周工艺品市场，现已发展成为一个大型的综合市场。里面有临时摊位，也有固定处所。如今的卡姆登市场已经成为伦敦最著名的跳蚤市场，这里有让人意想不到的另类商品。
Notting Hill：The Fairy-tale Love Journey 诺丁山——童话般的爱情之旅
Notting Hill is close to the north-western corner of Kensington Gardens, in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. It is a cosmopolitan district known as the location for the annual Notting Hill Carnival, and for being home to the Portobello Road Market.Notting Hill has a contemporary reputation as an affluent and fashionable area；known for attractive terraces of large Victorian townhouses, and high-end shopping and restaurants.However, Notting Hill is like a cultural melting pot.All races gather here, whether the rich or the poor.The two personsof different background also can attract each other.There appear different love stories every day, and the most wonderful one is"Notting Hill".
The story of"Notting Hill"is as follows：William Thacker lives near Notting Hill in West London. He owns a travel bookstore.His business is stagnant, he has the roommate from hell, and since his divorce, his love life is completely non-existent.Anna Scott is an American movie star, whose actions attract the world's attention.One day, they meat each other.William feels awfully guilty for having spilled a cup of drink on Anna and invites Anna to his home to clean her clothes.Then the two person start a fairy-tale love journey.
诺丁山靠近肯辛顿花园的西北角，位于肯辛顿-切尔西皇家自治区。这是一个世界各地居民混居区域，以一年一度的嘉年华会和波特贝罗路跳蚤市场所在地而著称。诺丁山因它的富裕和时尚而红极一时；它以大型的维多利亚联排别墅和高档商场餐馆而著称。然而，诺丁山像个文化大熔炉，各色人种齐聚一堂，有富人也有穷人，不同背景的两个人也能互相吸引，在这里，每天都上演着不同的爱情故事，而最精彩的当属《诺丁山》。
《诺丁山》的故事如下：威廉·萨克住在伦敦西部的诺丁山，拥有一家旅游书店。他的生意状况很不好，同屋的室友令人无法忍受，离婚后爱情生活也是一片空白。安娜·斯科特是美国的电影明星，她的一举一动都受到全世界的关注。有一天，这两个人相遇了，威廉不小心把一杯饮料泼在了安娜身上，他很愧疚，所以请安娜到他家里把衣服清洗干净，两人由此展开了一段童话般的爱情之旅。
British Museum：A Museum of World History 大英博物馆——装着世界历史的博物馆
The British Museum is the world's oldest and grandest comprehensive museum, and one of the world's largest and most famous museums. It is on the Great Russell Square in the north of New Oxford Street, London, England.It was founded in 1753 and was officially open to the public on January 15，1759.The admission of British Museum is free, because theBritish Government supports people to understand the history.
The British Museum is currently divided into 10 branches and they are the Ancient and Recent Mideast Museum, the Coinage and Commemorative Coins Museum, the Egyptian Museum, the National Museum, the Greek and Roman Museum, the Japan Museum, the Medieval and Modern Europe Museum, the Oriental Museum, the Prehistoric and Early Europe, Printmaking and Sketching Hall and the West Asia Hall. Among them, the collections in the Egyptian Museum, the Greek and Roman Museum and the Oriental Museum are the most compelling, while the Chinese collectibles accounted for most of the collections.
Jani's Book of the Dead is the greatest treasure of the British Museum. This is a painting on the papyrus, dating back 3200 years ago.It is 24 meters long in total.There are 60 chapters which describe the mantras and agreements needed for the dead in the afterlife for eternal life.Jani was a real person and this painting was buried with Jani.The British Museum is also famous for its library, because it was originally Sir Hans Sloane's private library.Later, George IV king of England also donated a large number of books.There is a main site for Marx to collect information and write his immortal work Das Kapital.Many visitors came to see Marx's seat in that year.
大英博物馆是世界上历史最悠久、规模最宏伟的综合性博物馆，也是世界上规模最大、最著名的博物馆之一。它成立于1753年，位于英国伦敦新牛津大街北面的大罗素广场，1759年1月15日起正式对公众开放。英国政府为了鼓励市民了解世界历史，所以对公众免费开放。
目前，大英博物馆分为10个分馆，分别是古近东馆、硬币和纪念币馆、埃及馆、民族馆、希腊和罗马馆、日本馆、中世纪及近代欧洲馆、东方馆、史前及早期欧洲、版画和素描馆以及西亚馆。其中以埃及文物馆、希腊罗马馆和东方馆的藏品最引人注目，而中国的藏品则是占据了绝大部分。
《亚尼的死者之书》是大英博物馆镇馆之宝。这是距今3200年前的画在草纸上的画。全长24公尺，用长达60章的篇幅，描绘死者在来世获得永生所需的咒文和约定事项。亚尼是个真实存在的人物，这幅画是亚尼的陪葬品。大英博物馆还有著名的图书馆，因为之前大英博物馆是汉斯·斯隆爵士捐赠的私人图书馆，后来的英王乔治四世又捐赠了大量书籍。这里是马克思为他的不朽之作——《资本论》收集资料和写作的主要场所，许多游客都喜欢来参观马克思当年常坐的座位。
Big Ben, Today's Elizabeth Tower：A Symbol of the United Kingdom大本钟，如今的伊丽莎白塔——联合王国的象征
Big Ben is the symbol of London and England. In 1859，it wassupervised by Benjamin, the Works Minister.Ben is the nickname of Benjamin."Big Ben"is the clock in the Palace of Westminster, in a bell tower attached to the British Parliament Conference Hall.The circular clock dial around the tower is a traditional London landmark. Big Ben is huge and gorgeous, weighing 13.5 tons.
Since 1859，Big Ben began to timekeep for the City of London, and sounded once each hour based on GMT. The sound was sonorous and sweet.The daily news programs of the British radio and television all take the sound as a prelude.Big Ben is also the key place for the local people to celebrate the New Year.Similarly, on the Memorial Day, the sound of Big Ben is heard for 2 minutes of silence on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month.
On May 31，2009，Big Ben spent its 150th birthday. On June 2，2012，to commemorate Elizabeth II's 60 years on the throne of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Big Ben officially changed its name to Elizabeth Tower.
大本钟是伦敦市的标志和英国的象征。1859年，由当时的工务大臣本杰明监制，“本”是本杰明的昵称。“大本钟”是威斯敏斯特宫报时钟，在英国国会会议厅附属的钟楼上。钟楼四面的圆形钟盘，是伦敦的传统地标。大本钟巨大而华丽，重13.5吨。
大本钟从1859年就为伦敦城报时，根据格林尼治时间每一小时敲响一次，大钟发出的报时声，铿锵悦耳，余音袅袅。英国电台、电视台每天播放的新闻节目，都是以大本钟的报时声为前奏。大本钟还是当地人庆祝新年的重点地方，同样的，在阵亡将士纪念日，大本钟的钟声表示第11个月的第11天的第11个小时及2分钟的默哀开始。
在2009年5月31日，大本钟度过了它150岁的生日。2012年6月2日，为纪念大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国女王伊丽莎白二世登基60周年，大本钟正式更名为伊丽莎白塔。
Sherlock Holmes Museum：The Legendary Great Detective's Residence 福尔摩斯博物馆——传说中的大侦探旧居
The Sherlock Holmes Museum is a popular privately run museum in London, England, dedicated to the famous fictional detective SherlockHolmes. It opened in 1990 and is situated in Baker Street, bearing the number 221B by permission of the City of Westminster, although it lies between numbers 237 and 241，near the north end of Baker Street in central London close to Regent's Park.The museum is run by the Sherlock Holmes International Society, a non-profit making organisation.
The Georgian town house was formerly used as a boarding house from 1860 to 1936，and covers the period of 1881 to 1904 when Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson were reported to have resided there as tenants of Mrs Hudson. The arrangement and decoration in the Museum are based on the plots of the novel.It adds the authenticity to Holmes'residence.For example, many Holmes props are displayed in the study, such as the deerstalker cap, magnifying glass, pipe and gas lights.In addition, the tiles of Holmes'classic profiles covered the walls of the Beck Street subway station.There are also Holmes souvenir shops next to the Museum.
福尔摩斯博物馆是英国伦敦一所大众喜爱的民办博物馆，是为小说人物名侦探福尔摩斯所建。1990年对外开放，注册地址是威斯敏斯特市贝克街221号B座，尽管它实则位于摄政公园附近的伦敦市中心贝克街北端237～241号之间。该博物馆是由福尔摩斯国际协会创办的非营利组织。
1860～1934年，这所格鲁吉亚城镇住房起先是用来出租的公寓。1881～1904年，小说人物福尔摩斯神探和华生医生都作为哈得逊夫人的房客居住在此。博物馆内的布置摆设都以小说中提及的情节为佐，更增添了福尔摩斯旧居的真实性。例如，书房中陈列许多福尔摩斯的道具，如猎鹿帽、放大镜、烟斗、煤气灯等。另外，地铁贝克街站的墙上满是福尔摩斯的经典侧面像瓷砖，博物馆隔壁也有福尔摩斯纪念品店。
Shakespeare's Globe：The Center of British Drama Art 莎士比亚环球剧院——英国戏剧艺术中心
Shakespeare's Globe is the center of the British drama art. It is a theatre especially for appreciating and studying the excellent work of Shakespeare and his contemporary writers.It was built in 1599 by Shakespeare's playing company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men, and was destroyed by fire on 29 June，1613.A second Globe Theatre was built on the same site by June 1614 and closed in 1642.A modern reconstruction of the Globe, named"Shakespeare's Globe"，opened in 1997 approximately 750 feet from the site of the original theatre.
The Globe Theatre is not only a theatre but also a place for art education and research. It is composed of three institutions：Globe Theatre—the professional troupe composed of international artists；Transworld Education—studying Shakespeare's play manuscripts and stage performances with the students of different ages；International Exhibition—the most extensive exhibition especially for Shakespeare and his contemporary writers.
莎士比亚环球剧院是英国戏剧艺术的中心，它是一座专为欣赏、研究莎士比亚及其同时代剧作家优秀作品的剧场。环球剧院位于英国伦敦，最初的环球剧场由威廉·莎士比亚所在宫内大臣剧团于1599年建造，1613年6月29日毁于火灾。1614年环球剧场重建，并于1642年关闭。1997年，一座现代仿造的环球剧场落成，命名为“莎士比亚环球剧院”，距离原来的剧院地址大约750英尺。
环球剧院不仅仅是一个剧场，还是一个艺术教育和研究的地方。剧院由三个机构组成：环球剧场——由国际艺人组成的专业剧团；环球教育——与不同年龄的学生共同研究莎士比亚的剧作手稿及舞台表演；环球展览——专为莎士比亚及其同时代剧作家而设立的涵盖面最广的展览。