Paris Opera：The Largest Lyric Theatre in the Wo...
34.Paris Opera：The Largest Lyric Theatre in the World 巴黎歌剧院——世界上最大的抒情剧场
The Paris Opera is the largest lyric theatre in the world, with a total area of 11237 square meters. It is a perfect mixture of several architectural forms such as the ancient Greek Roman colonnades, Baroque, etc.It is a typical architecture of Napoleon III.
巴黎歌剧院是世界上最大的抒情剧场，总面积11237平方米。其建筑将古希腊罗马式柱廊、巴洛克等几种建筑形式完美地结合在一起，是拿破仑三世时期典型的建筑之一。
●The Description and Reputation 简介与声誉
The Paris Opera, also kown as Palais Garnier, is an elegant 2，200-seat opera house, which was built from 1861 to 1875 in Paris. It is named the Palais Garnier after its architect, Charles Garnier.It was the primary home of the Paris Opera and its associated Paris Opera Ballet until 1989，when a new 2，700-seat house, the Opera Bastille, with elaborate facilities for set and production changes, opened at the Place de la Bastille.
The Palais Garnier is"probably the most famous opera house in the world, a symbol of Paris like Notre Dame cathedral, the Louvre, or the Sacre Coeur basilica."This is at least partly due to its use as the setting for Gaston Leroux's 1911 novel The Phantom of the Opera and the novel's subsequentadaptations in films and Andrew Lloyd Webber's popular 1986 musical. Another contributing factor is that among the buildings constructed in Paris during the Second Empire, besides being the most expensive, it has been described as the only one that is"unquestionably a masterpiece of the first rank."
The Paris Opera House is of a magnificent style, decorated with fine and colorful marble beams, columns and statues, many of which are the Gods in the Greek mythology. Among the columns in the lobby, there are displayed bronze busts of many famous composers such as Mozart and Beethoven.Inside the house, there are corridors, stair-wells, lounges and platforms for people to be engaged in social activities after the performance.The Palais Garnier also houses Paris Opera Library-Museum.Although the Library-Museum is no longer managed by the Opera and is part of the Bibliotheque nationale de France, the museum is included in unaccompanied tours of the Palais Garnier.
巴黎歌剧院，又称加尼叶歌剧院，是一座建于1861～1875年，有2200个座位的歌剧院。巴黎歌剧院的命名来源于它的建筑师查尔斯·加尼叶。它是巴黎歌剧的主要演练厅，也与巴黎歌剧院芭蕾舞团息息相关，直到1989年，一座拥有2700个座位的巴士底歌剧院建成，那是坐落在巴士底广场上的设施完备精良的歌剧院。
加尼叶歌剧院“也许是世界上最著名的歌剧院，它像巴黎圣母院、卢浮宫、圣心大教堂一样，是巴黎的象征”。这一点至少归功于加斯东·勒鲁1911年出版的小说《歌剧魅影》及后来改编成的电影，以及安德鲁·洛伊·韦伯的1986年的流行音乐剧。另外一个原因是在第二帝国时期建造的大厦当中，它是花费最高的，也是被称为唯一的“无可非议的第一流的杰作”。
巴黎歌剧院的建筑风格华丽，装饰着精美的色彩缤纷的大理石横梁、廊柱和雕像，其中很多是希腊神话中神像。剧院前厅的廊柱间，陈列着很多著名作曲家的半身铜像，如莫扎特和贝多芬。内部有走廊、楼梯井、休息室和平台，供人们在演出间隙进行社交活动。巴黎歌剧院里还有个巴黎歌剧院图书博物馆。尽管图书博物馆已经不再歌剧院的管理之内，而成为法国国家图书馆的一部分了，但这座博物馆依然是巴黎歌剧院的单独景点之一。
●The Disturbance of chosing Designer 设计师选秀风波
The Palais Garnier was designed as part of the great reconstructionof Paris during the Second Empire initiated by Emperor Napoleon III, who chose Baron Haussmann to supervise the reconstruction. In 1858 the Emperor authorized Haussmann to clear the required 12，000 square metres of land on which to build a second theatre for the world-renowned Parisian Opera and Ballet companies.
The selection of the architect was the subject of an architectural design competition in 1861，a competition which was won by the architect Charles Garnier. Legend has it that the Emperor's wife, the Empress Eugenie, who was likely irritated that her own favored candidate, Viollet-le-Duc, had not been selected, asked the relatively unknown Garnier："What is this?It's not a style；it's neither Louis Quatorze, nor Louis Quinze, nor Louis Seize！""Why Ma'am, it's Napoleon Trois"replied Garnier"and you’re complaining！"Andrew Ayers has written that Garnier’s definition"remains undisputed, so much does the Palais Garnier seem emblematic of its time and of the Second Empire that created it.A giddy mixture of up-to-the-minute technology, rather prescriptive rationalism, exuberant eclecticism and astonishing opulence, Garnier’s opera encapsulated the divergent tendencies and political and social ambitions of its era."Ayers goes on to say that the judges of the competition in particular admired Garnier’s design for"the clarity of his plan, which was a brilliant example of the beaux-arts design methods in which both he and they were thoroughly versed."
巴黎歌剧院的设计是第二帝国时期拿破仑三世重建巴黎项目的一部分，他选择了奥斯曼男爵监督重建工程。1858年，这位皇帝授权奥斯曼清理12000平方米的土地，在其上建造第二座闻名天下的巴黎歌剧芭蕾舞团。
建筑师是在1861年的建筑设计比赛中选出来的，建筑师查尔斯·加尼叶赢得这场比赛。传说，皇帝的妻子欧仁妮皇后很生气，因为她青睐的候选人维欧勒·勒·杜克落选了，皇后质问这位默默无闻的加尼叶先生：“这是什么玩意儿？这算不上一个风格；它既不是路易十四时代风格，也不是路易斯十五时代风格，更不是路易十六时代风格！”加尼叶回答说：“哦，皇后，这是拿破仑三世风格啊！你却在抱怨！”安德鲁·艾尔斯写道：加尼叶的定义“依然无可争议，因此巴黎歌剧院似乎是那个时代和第二帝国时期的标志性建筑。轻松地混合了最新的技术，相当规范的理性主义、旺盛的折中主义和惊人的财富，加尼叶歌剧院浓缩了那个时代的分歧的倾向，以及政治和社会野心”。艾尔斯还说，这场比赛的裁判特别欣赏加尼叶的设计，因为他的设计案思路清晰，是美术派建筑风格的经典案例，那可是他和他们都完全精通的设计方法。”
●The Humanistic Landscape Mixed with Art and Legend 艺术与传奇交织的人文风景
In the Paris Opera House, there is a well-known Ballet and there is also a legendary maze which is the location for the Phantom of the Opera.
巴黎歌剧院有一个举世闻名的芭蕾舞团，还有一个传奇的迷宫，那是《歌剧魅影》的故事发生地。
Paris Opera Ballet 芭蕾舞团
France is the birthplace of the art of ballet, and the The Paris Opera Ballet is the cradle of the classical ballet. Today, the average age of the ballet dancers is 25 years old.It is one of the world's youngest and most outstanding ballets.the retained productions are very extensive, and there are romantic works, classical works and new modern dance works.The stage setting is wonderful and the stage lighting is to the point.It is regarded as one of the world's four largest ballets, with the Royal Ballet, the Russian Kirov Ballet, the National Ballet of the United States.
The ballets played in the Paris Opera House include：Sleeping Beauty, Coppelia, Romeo and Juliet, Swan Lake, Paquita, Sylvia, Fairy, Notre Dame de Paris, etc. These ballet high-quality goods are made into DVD discs by the world famous record companies, among which Paquita is the luminary of the Paris Opera Ballet.
法国是芭蕾艺术的诞生地，巴黎歌剧院芭蕾舞团是古典芭蕾的摇篮。如今，巴黎歌剧院芭蕾舞团的演员平均年龄为25岁，也是当今世界上最年轻、最优秀的芭蕾舞团之一。巴黎歌剧院芭蕾舞团保留的演出剧目非常广泛，既有浪漫主义作品又有古典主义作品，也有现代舞蹈新作，舞台布景美伦美奂，舞台灯光恰到好处。它与英国皇家芭蕾舞团、俄罗斯基洛夫芭蕾舞团、美国国家芭蕾舞团并列当今“世界四大芭蕾舞团”。
巴黎歌剧院芭蕾舞团演出的芭蕾舞剧：《睡美人》、《葛佩莉亚》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》、《天鹅湖》、《帕基塔》、《希尔维亚》、《仙女》、《巴黎圣母院》等芭蕾舞精品都被世界一些著名唱片公司制作成DVD光盘，其中《帕基塔》是巴黎歌剧院芭蕾舞团的当家作品。
The Beautiful Maze 美丽迷宫
The Paris Opera House is location for the Phantom of the Opera. The opera itself is full of mysterious color because it has a complex structure and a long history.There are 2531 doors，7593 keys，6 miles of underground tunnels in the opera.The opera house covers an area of 3 hectares, and has a height of 7 stories.More surprisingly，at the lowest storey of the opera, there is a reservoir of a volume of 4，000 cubic feet and a depth of 6 meters.The architect Charles Garnier designed the basement walls and floors of a double water-proof structure.After that, he filled water on the final layer so that the wall became more strong with the water to fill the gap.The reservoir made the flickering light and grotesque boats for the film, and reflected the architectural structure and historical legend of the Paris Opera House.
巴黎歌剧院是《歌剧魅影》的故事就发生地。这个歌剧院，因为有着复杂的结构和长久的历史，本身就充满了神秘的色彩。该剧院有2531个门，7593把钥匙，6英里长的地下暗道，整个歌剧院占地3公顷，有7层之高。更惊人的是，在歌剧院的最底层，有一个容量113.2672立方米、深6米的蓄水池。当时的建筑师查尔斯·加尼叶设计的地下室的墙和地板都是用双层的防水结构。之后，他把最后一层充水，让水把墙的缝隙填满，使之更加坚固。这个水池为电影造出了摇曳的灯光和形状古怪的小船，折射着巴黎歌剧院的建筑结构和传奇历史。