Pompeii：The Ancient City Vanished and Reappeared...

5.Pompeii：The Ancient City Vanished and Reappeared Mysteriously　庞贝古城——千年古城神秘消失与再现

Pompeii, an ancient city with a long history, is located in the Campania region on the southwest corner of the Apennine peninsula. It is about 20 km away from the beautiful bay of Naples.It is a summer resort which faces the sea with the hills for a background.

庞贝城是亚平宁半岛西南角坎佩尼亚地区一座历史悠久的古城，距风光绮丽的那不勒斯湾约20公里，是一座背山面海的避暑胜地。

●The Thousand-year-old City Disappeared Overnight　千年古城一夜消失

In the 8th century BC, there was a small fishing village named Pompeii in the natural harbor on the Mediterranean. Hundreds of years later, it developed gradually into the second largest city in Italy only after Rome.It attracted many rich merchants and nobles from the city-states around the Mediterranean.The Mount Vesuvius on the north of the state erupted bizarre lava soil, vesuvianite and geothermal hot springs, so that Pompeii became widely known.However, this volcano suddenly woke up one day, and swallowed the city of Pompeii.

It's the first Sunday in August，79. The wife of a wine merchant in the ancient Rome suddenly got a cough that would not go away.Her daughter Sophia was so worried to keep on crying.Her fiance Carlow offered oneself to ride to his hometown Pompeii to fetch a hemostatic stone.But Rome was far from Pompeii, and the travel was full of danger.after Carlow left, Sophia lay awake all night, thinking of Carlow's return journey in vain.Until one night, the Mount Vesuvius erupted blood red magma, and then Pompeii, the millennium city disappeared in the flames.Unfortunately, the disasteroccurred at the same time that Carlow returned Pompeii.Her fiance was gone forever, and the song the Heartbroken Sophia sounded everywhere in the Mediterranean.

公元前8世纪，地中海天然良港有一座名叫庞贝的小渔村，几百年后，逐渐发展为仅次于意大利古罗马的第二大城，吸引了地中海周城邦众多的富商和贵族。城北的那维苏威火山喷发出来的奇异岩浆土、火山石以及地热温泉，使庞贝声名远播。然而，庞贝身旁的这座火山，突然有一天苏醒过来，吞下了庞贝城。

那是公元79年8月的第一个礼拜天，古罗马一位大酒商之妻突然咯血不止，女儿索菲娅急得呜呜直哭。她的未婚夫卡洛自告奋勇地骑快马去庞贝老家拿取止血石。可是罗马离庞贝很远，还充满险情，卡洛离开后，索菲娅彻夜不眠，盘算着卡洛的归程，可是卡洛迟迟不归。直到一天深夜，维苏威火山喷发出血红岩浆，接着，千年名城庞贝从此消失在火海之中。不幸的是，灾难发生的时间正是卡洛赶到庞贝的时刻。未婚夫一去不返，从此地中海四处响起了民歌《伤心欲绝的索菲娅》。

●The Magical Reappearance of Pompeii's Remains　庞贝遗骸的神奇再现

As the years went by, Pompeii faded out of the world gradually. Later, the settlers found there had been covered with a dense forest at the foot of the volcano.When the people cut down the trees, there revealed the rich and dark soil.Then they started to plant grapes here.

In the spring of 1748，when a farmer named Andhra was digging his own vineyard, suddenly a bang sounded, and he could not pull out his hoe. He shouted for helphurriedly.Many people came and they dug away the earth and stones, and found the hoe through a metal cabinet.Then they dug the cabinet out and open it.There were a lot of gold and silver jewelry and ancient coins in it.

After the news spread, the farmers suddenly remembered the legend of Pompeii's disappearance. Then the robbers came in great numbers, so did a number of historians and archaeologists.Later, the government of Italy began to organize scientists to discover Pompeii in 1876.After more than 100 years of continuous work, the stirring scene of Pompeii reappeared undoubtedly in front of the world finally.

随着岁月的流逝，庞贝古城渐渐淡出世界。后来，移民们发现火山山脚一带已经长满茂密的森林。当人们伐去树木之后，便露出黑油油的黑土地，于是大家就在这里开发种植葡萄。

公元1748年春天，一名叫安得列的农民在挖自己的葡萄园，忽然“哐啷”一声，怎么使劲也拔不出锄头。他连忙喊人帮忙。来了很多人，他们扒开泥土和石块，发现锄头穿透了一个金属柜子，于是大家把柜子挖出来，打开一看，里面是一大堆金银首饰和古钱币。

消息传开后，农民们突然想起关于庞贝失踪的传说，于是盗宝者蜂拥而至，还引来一批历史学家与考古专家。后来意大利政府于1876年开始组织科学家挖掘庞贝古城。经过百余年的持续工作，终于将庞贝古城的惊心场面真实地再现于世人面前。

●The Amazing Wonders of the Remains　让人惊叹的遗迹奇观

The tourists called Pompeii"the natural history museum". It attracts thousands of visitors from all over the world every day.

游客们称庞贝是“天然的历史博物馆”，它每天吸引着数以万计的来自世界各地的游人们来这里参观。

Apollo Temple　阿波罗神庙

In the heart of the Pompeiians, God is everywhere. They built a large number of temple buildings in the city.Apollo Temple was the most extensivebuilding.The Pompeiians thought that Apollo Temple was not only in charge of light, youth, medicine, animal husbandry, music and poetry, but also represented Lord God to call the oracle and predict the future.Now, although the temple was destroyed, its 48 columns and magnificent steps can still make people feel its brilliant momentum in former days.

在庞贝人心目中，神是无处不在的，于是，他们在城内修建了大量的神庙建筑。阿波罗神庙是占地最广阔的建筑。庞贝人认为，阿波罗不仅主管光明、青春、医药、畜牧、音乐、诗歌，而且代表主神宣召神谕，预言未来。现在，庙宇虽已毁坏，但其48根庙柱和宏伟的台阶，仍能让人感受到昔日辉煌的气势。

Terme Stabiane　斯塔比亚浴场

There were three public baths in the city of Pompeii. The Terme Stabiane is one of the oldest baths.This baths was quite quaint, which was built in the 2nd century BC.There were undressing rooms, lukewarm bathrooms, swimming pools and so on in it.It was the best retained one among the existing three unearthed bathhouses.In the corridor of the bathroom, there were a row of cyclinders.The sculptures on the inner wall were very detailed, and even the marble bathtub in the bathroom was also very valuable.The floor of double-layer structure can keep the inner temperature constant by the steam below.It is said that the people coming in and out of it at that time were mostly politicians and important figures in the city.

庞贝城内有三座公共浴场，斯塔比亚浴场为其中最古老的浴场。这个浴场相当古雅，建于公元前2世纪，内有脱衣室、微温浴室、游泳池等，是庞贝城内现存已出土的三座浴场中保留得最好的一座。浴室长廊中圆柱成列，室内墙上的雕塑非常细致，连浴室内一个大理石浴盆也是价值连城。双层设计结构的地板，使下方的蒸汽保持浴场内的温度。据说，当年在这儿出入的多为政客和城中的重要人物。

The Colosseums in Pompeii　庞贝的圆形大剧场

There were many theaters in Pompeii, the same as the colosseums in Rome. Among them, the one used for wrestling was built 51 years earlier than the famous Roman Arena.The main performance here was wrestling, including man to man, man to beast.Sometimes the sports competitions were held.The wall outside the colosseum was up to 2 meters high, painted with many hunting and competitive murals, reflecting the current state of the people's lives.

庞贝城里有多座剧场，是与罗马的一样的圆形大剧场。其中用做角斗的圆形竞技场比著名的罗马竞技场还要早建51年。这里主要表演角斗，包括人与人、人与兽之间的角斗，有时也举行体育赛事。圆剧场外围的围墙高达2米多，墙上绘有许多狩猎、竞技的壁画，反映出当年人们的生活状态。

The Human Fossil in the Antiquities Museum　古物馆的人体化石

The Pompeii Antiquities Museum contains a special kind of collections. They were body-sculptures that the archaeologists made according to the unearthed human shells.In the moment of Volcano eruption, countless victims died in the attack of the volcanic pumice stones, poison gases and volcanic ashes.The volcano ashes wrapped their bodies, solidified their final postures and recorded all details of the Pompeiians'dying.Most of these people died with their property together, and some of them held the gods in the hands, suggesting that they never forgot to ask God for help.

庞贝古物馆收藏着一类特殊的藏品，那就是考古学家依据出土的人体硬壳制作的人体塑像。在火山喷发的一刹那，无数的受害者在火山浮石、毒气、火山灰的夹击中丧生。火山灰包裹了他们的躯体，凝固了他们最后的姿势，将庞贝人临终前的所有细节都记录了下来。这些人死时大多和他们的财产在一起，有些死难者则手里握有神像，这说明他们在危难时没有忘记向神灵求救。