Venice：Water has Given Venice its Birth, its Be...
10.Venice：Water has Given Venice its Birth, its Beauty and its Prosperity 威尼斯水城——因水而生，因水而美，因水而兴
Venice is a city in northeastern Italy and an important port in the Gulf of Venice on Adriatic Sea. There are 177 channels and 401 bridges connected into a whole and it is interlinked by the boats.It is a beautiful watery city.
威尼斯是意大利东北部城市、亚得里亚海威尼斯湾西北岸重要港口。它是由177条水道、401座桥梁连成一体，以舟相通，是个美丽的水上城市。
●Brief History of the most Beautiful City 最美城市的历史简介
Venice is the capital of the Veneto region, sited on a group of 118 small islands separated by canals and linked by bridges. It is located in the marshy Venetian Lagoon which stretches along the shoreline between the mouths of the Po and the Piave Rivers.Venice is renowned for the beauty of its setting, its architecture and its artworks.
The name is derived from the ancient Veneti people who inhabited the region by the 10th century BC. The city historically was the capital of the Venetian Republic.Venice has been known as the"Queen of the Adriatic"，"City of Water"，"City of Masks"，"City of Bridges"，"The Floating City"，and"City of Canals".Luigi Barzini described it in the New York Times as"undoubtedly the most beautiful city built by man".Venice has also been described by the Times Online as being one of Europe's most romantic cities.
The Republic of Venice was a major maritime power during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, and a staging area for the Crusades and the Battle of Lepanto, as well as a very important center of commerce（especially silk, grain, and spice）and art in the 13th century up to the end of the 17th century. This made Venice a wealthy city throughout most of its history.The heyday of Venice was from the 14th to 15th century.It became Italy's most powerful and wealthy"Republic"，and one of the Mediterranean Trade Center.In the 16th century, it started to be on the wane after Kolumb discovering the continent of America.In 1797，Venice capitulated to Napoleon's rule, and the Republic of Venice destroyed with over 1000 years of history.In 1849，the war of independence against Austria was won.In 1866，Venice reunified with Italy and became a region of Italy.
Venice is also known for its several important artistic movements, especially the Renaissance period. Venice has played an important role in the history of symphonic and operatic music, and it is the birthplace of Antonio Vivaldi.
威尼斯是威尼托大区的首府，由118个小岛组成，并以水道和桥梁连成一体。它沿着波河和皮亚韦河河口的海岸线在多沼地的威尼斯舄湖向各地伸展。威尼斯以美丽著称，它的美表现在景色、建筑以及艺术品上。
威尼斯这个名字来源于公元10世纪的古代维内蒂人居民区。该市在历史上是威尼斯共和国的首都。威尼斯被称为“亚得里亚海之女王”、“水之城”、“面具之城”、“桥城”、“漂浮之都”和“运河之城”。路易吉·巴尔齐尼曾在纽约时报形容它“无疑是最美丽的人造都市”。威尼斯也被泰晤士报描绘成为一个欧洲最浪漫的城市。
在中世纪和文艺复兴时期，威尼斯共和国的海上力量十分强大，也曾是十字军东征与勒班陀海战的中转区，还是一个非常重要的商业中心（特别是丝绸、粮食和香料），以及13世纪到17世纪末的艺术中心。这让威尼斯的大部分历史都与财富相伴。14～15世纪为威尼斯全盛时期，成为意大利最强大和最富有的海上“共和国”、地中海贸易中心之一。16世纪始，随着哥伦布发现美洲大陆，威尼斯逐渐衰落，1797年，威尼斯屈从于拿破仑的统治，有着一千多年历史的威尼斯共和国从此灭亡。1849年，反奥地利的独立战争取得胜利。1866年，威尼斯地区和意大利才实现统一，从此成为意大利的一个地区。
威尼斯还以它的几段艺术运动而闻名世界，特别是文艺复兴时期。威尼斯对交响乐和歌剧音乐的历史起着重要的作用，这里是安东尼奥·维瓦尔第的诞生地。
●The Beautiful, Warm and Romantic Spots 温馨浪漫的美丽景点
The Venice buildings have many different styles, with beautifully carved designs and motifs in the windows, doors and corridors. Every year, tens of thousands of tourists came to Venice to feel her beauty, warmness and romance.
威尼斯的房屋建筑风格各异，房屋的门窗、走廊上雕刻着精美的图案和花纹。每年都有成千上万的游客来到威尼斯，来感受她的美丽、温馨和浪漫。
Bridge of Sighs 叹息桥
The Bridge of Sighs is a bridge near San Marco Square, in Venice, northern Italy. The enclosed bridge is made of white limestone and has windows with stone bars.It connects the New Prison to the interrogation rooms in the Doge's Palace.It was designed by Antoni Contino, and built in 1602.
The view from the Bridge of Sighs was the last view of Venice that convicts saw before their imprisonment. The bridge name, given by Lord Byron in the 19th century, comes from the suggestion that prisoners would sigh at their final view of beautiful Venice through the window before being taken down to their cells.In reality, the days of inquisitions and summary executions were over by the time the bridge was built and the cells under the palace roof were occupied mostly by small-time criminals.In addition, little could be seen from inside the Bridge due to the stone grills covering the windows.
A local legend says that lovers will be granted eternal love and bliss if they kiss on a gondola at sunset under the Bridge of Sighs. The legend makes the Bridge of Sighs become one of the world's most romantic bridge.
叹息桥位于意大利北部威尼斯圣马可广场附近，这座与世隔绝的大桥由白色石灰石砌成，窗户上带有石闩。叹息桥的两端连接着新监狱和总督府的审讯室，由安东尼·康提诺设计并于1602年建造的。
叹息桥的景观是囚犯行刑前看到的威尼斯城的最后一道风景。这座桥是由19世纪的拜伦勋爵命名的。因为死囚在透过窗户观望此桥之时，常是押入牢房前的一刻，他们感叹这是最后一次威尼斯美景，所以该桥得名叹息桥。而实际上，当叹息桥建起的时候，调查和处决罪犯的岁月已经逝去，皇宫屋顶下的那些小牢房里只是关着一些无足轻重的轻度罪犯。此外，窗户被石头格子遮住，因而几乎看不见桥的内部。
威尼斯当地有一个传说，日落时如果恋人们在叹息桥下的贡多拉上亲吻对方，就将会得到天长地久的永恒爱情。这个传说使得叹息桥成为世界上最具浪漫色彩的桥之一。
Gondola 贡多拉
The gondola is a traditional, flat-bottomed Venetian rowing boat, well suited to the conditions of the Venetian lagoon. For centuries gondolas were the chief means of transportation and most common watercraft within Venice.In modern times the iconic boats still have a role in public transport in the city, serving as ferries over the Grand Canal.They are also used in special regattas held amongst gondoliers.The gondola is propelled like punting, except an oar is used instead of a pole.Their primary role today, however, is to carry tourists on rides at fixed rates.
贡多拉是一种传统的威尼斯特有的平底小渔船，尤其适合在威尼斯舄湖里划动。几世纪以来，贡多拉是威尼斯境内主要的交通工具以及威尼斯境内最普通的水运工具。在现代威尼斯城里，这种标志性的小船依然在公共交通中起着重要的作用，在威尼斯大运河上扮演着轮渡的角色。有时候还用来举行威尼斯小划船的船夫们的赛舟会。贡多拉是依靠撑船来前进的，只是用船桨，而不是用木杆撑船。然而，如今的贡多拉，它的使命就是平平稳稳地运送游客。
●The most Representative Festivals in Venice 威尼斯最具代表性的节日
The Carnival of Venice is famous in the history. One person wears a mask and loses his identity.This is the reason that a lot of people like carnival.In addition, The Venice Film Festival is also one of the most important holidays in Venice.
威尼斯的狂欢节在历史上赫赫有名，一个人戴上面具，隐藏了身份，获得了自由，这是很多人喜欢狂欢节的理由。此外，威尼斯电影节也是威尼斯最重要的节日之一。
Carnival of Venice 威尼斯狂欢节
The Carnival of Venice is an annual festival, held in Venice, Italy. The Carnival starts two weeks before the Lent and ends on Shrove Tuesday.
It is said that the Carnival of Venice was started from a loss of the"Repubblica della Serenissima"，Venice's previous name, against the Patriarch of Aquileia, Ulrico in the year 1162. In the honor of this loss, the people started to dance and make reunions in San Marco Square.Apparently, this festival started on that period and become official in the renaissance.
The festival declined during the 18th century. After a long absence, the Carnival returned to operate in 1979.The Italian government decided to bring back the history and culture of Venice, and sought to use the traditional Carnival as the centerpiece of their efforts.Today, approximately 3 million visitors come to Venice every year for Carnivals.One of the most important events is the contest for the best mask, placed at the last weekend of the Carnival.
威尼斯狂欢节是在意大利威尼斯举行的一年一度的节日。每年都在大斋首日前两个星期开始，并在忏悔节结束。
据说，威尼斯狂欢节起源于“威尼斯共和国”的一次战役，威尼斯以前的名字是为了纪念1162年威尼斯战胜乌尔瑞科主教阿奎莱亚的光荣战役。为了纪念这一胜利，人们自动聚集到圣马可广场上载歌载舞。显然，这个节日起源于这个时期，并在文艺复兴时期成为官方公认的节日。
18世纪的时候曾经拒绝举办狂欢节。经过长期的停办后，1979年又重新举办狂欢节。意大利政府想找回威尼斯的历史和文明，并试图用传统的狂欢节作为他们行动的核心。今天，每年大约有300万名游客来威尼斯狂欢节。最重要的活动之一是争夺最佳面具，这个节目在狂欢节最后一周的周末举行。
The Venice International Film Festival 威尼斯国际电影节
The Venice International Film Festival is the oldest international film festival in the world, known as"the Father of the International Film Festival". Founded in 1932，the festival has since taken place every year in late August or early September on the island of the Lido, Venice, Italy.Screenings take place in the historic Palazzo del Cinema on the Lungomare Marconi and in other venues nearby.It is one of the world's most prestigious film festivals and is part of the Venice Biennale, for over a century one of the most prestigious cultural institutions in the world.It is known world-wide for the International Film Festival, the International Art Exhibition and the International Architecture Exhibition, and continues the great tradition of the Festival of Contemporary Music, the Theatre Festival, now flanked by the Festival of Contemporary Dance.
The Film Festival's principal awards are the Leone d'Oro, which is awarded to the best film screened in competition at the festival, the Leone d'Argento for the Best Director, and the Coppa Volpi, which is awarded to the best actor and actress. The Jury may also choose to award a Special Lion for an overall work to a director or actor of a film presented in the main competition section.
威尼斯国际电影节是世界上最古老的国际电影节，号称“国际电影节之父”。自从1932年创办以来，每年的8月末9月初在意大利威尼斯的利多岛上举办。在此期间，郎戈尼和其他场馆附近的电影宫会放映一些影片。威尼斯国际电影节是世界上最负盛名的电影节，是威尼斯双年展的一部分，是一个多世纪以来最有声望的文化机构之一。它因国际电影节、国际艺术展和国际建筑展而闻名世界，并继承了现代音乐节、戏剧节的伟大传统，如今还增添了现代舞蹈节。
此电影节的主要奖项是金狮奖，这项奖励颁发给竞赛中的最佳影片。银狮奖是颁发被最佳导演的奖，铜狮奖是颁发给最佳男演员和最佳女演员的奖。评奖团也可以选择颁发一项特别金狮奖给主要竞赛过程中总体表现最佳的导演或演员。
