The Old City of Berne：Each Spring Column is a Fa...

7.The Old City of Berne：Each Spring Column is a Fairytale　伯尔尼古城——每个泉柱就是一个童话故事

Bern is the capital of Switzerland, and the old city of Bern is located on a hillock surrounded by the Aare river. Bern is a city with a rural look.The warm rustic notes are haunted by the aristocratic and elegant charm, full of medieval cuisine.

伯尔尼是瑞士的首都，古城则建在阿勒河环抱的石岗上。伯尔尼既是城市又像乡村，温暖的乡村气息中萦绕着贵族化的高雅韵味，充满着中世纪风味。

●The Bern City of Medieval style　中世纪风格的熊城

Each visitor to Bern will naturally find the image of the bear everywhere. The both sides of the streets are full of state emblems and flags patterned with bears.There are images of bears in the showcases of the shops.There are bear logos on the clothes.Even chocolates are also made into the shape of all kinds of bears.

There are historical reasons for the Bernese to favor bears. According to the record, at the end of the 12th century, Duke of Zhringen, the ruler of the eastern and central Switzerland, selected Bern as the fortress of the highlands.When he arrived here for the first time, the Duke decided to go hunting in the forest and take the first beast he captured as the name of this place.At first, he captured a bear.The bear is called"Bern"in German, so came the name of the city.

The old city of Bern was built in the 14th and 15th century, and its political rule played an important role in the vast territory. After the year of 1528，Bern entered into alliance with the Reform Judaism, and went into the prosperous period.By the 18th century, Bern achieved at the height of its power.In 1848，Bern became the capital of Switzerland.Bern is located at the border of the French-speaking area and the German-speaking area.German is necessary, and French is possible.

Now the city's landscaping plan acts according to local conditions. The whole layout retains a medieval style, and forms a harmonious landscape painting of all kinds of buildings.

每个到伯尔尼观光的游客都会自然地发现到处都是熊的形象，市区街道两侧常常挂满了以熊为图案的州徽和旗帜，商店橱窗中有熊的商标，衣服上有熊的商标，连巧克力也做成各式熊的形象。

伯尔尼人特别偏爱熊，是有历史原因的。据记载，12世纪末，统治瑞士中部和东部的扎灵根公爵选了伯尔尼这块高地作为城堡要塞。这位公爵大人初到这里时，决定到森林中打猎，并决定用第一只猎获的野兽作为这个地方的名字，结果首先打到一头熊。“熊”的德语为"Bern"，于是伯尔尼成了这个城市的名字。

伯尔尼古城建于公元14和15世纪，它的政治统治在辽阔的领土上发挥了重要的作用。1528年后，伯尔尼与犹太教改革派结盟，并由此进入繁荣期。到公元18世纪时，伯尔尼达到了权力的巅峰。公元1848年，伯尔尼成为瑞士首都。伯尔尼位于法语区与德语区的交界处，语言以德语为主，但也讲法语。

如今的伯尔尼老城，城市规划因地制宜。整个布局保留了中世纪的风格，构成了一幅和谐的多样建筑风景画。

●Many Stories in the Old City：the Origin of the Name of Springs　老城故事多——泉城的来历

Bern is known as the Springs, because there are many street springs in the central street, mostly built in the 16th century. Each spring has a column statue, with a trickling spring water outflow.Each statue here tells a legend or a fairy tale, which is vivid and fascinating.

In the Hospital Street, there is a famous spring called"the piper"and the weather-beaten piper must have a touching story. In the Market Street, there are two street springs whose statues have a unique style.One is"the Drink Goddess"，who is mixing water into wine, with fluttered dresses and graceful postures；another is"the Flag-bearer"，tucking an armed cute bear between her two legs.In the Kramgasse Street, stands"the Zhringen"，a memorial to the Duke of Zhringen, who built the cityoriginally.In the Barn Square, the statue tells a fairy tale, whose top stands a devil.The devil holds a child in the right hand and he is ready to bite its brain.He holds a pocket in the left hand and he seems to enjoy the children in it slowly.Bern's most exciting street is"the Justice"in the Justice Street.The statue is"the Goddess of Justice"，with a hand holding a sword, and another holding a balance.The figures under her feet are the Popes, kings, dignitaries and other characters, meaning that even the emperors can not escape from the restriction and sanction of justice.

伯尔尼号称泉城，因为市区街道中央有许多街心泉，多为16世纪所建。每个泉都有泉柱塑像，泉水从雕塑的柱石中潺潺流出，而这里的每一个雕塑都讲述着一个传说、一个童话，形象生动，引人入胜。

在医院街，有一座名泉叫“风笛手泉”，饱经风霜的风笛手肯定有一个动人的故事。市场街上的两座街心泉的雕塑别具风格，一座是“节饮女神”，正在用水兑酒，衣裙飘舞，姿态优美；另一座是一位“旗手”，两腿夹着一只身披铠甲姿态可爱的小熊。克拉姆街上，竖立着的“扎灵根泉”，是为了纪念最初建城的扎灵根公爵而建造的。谷仓广场上的雕塑是一个神话故事，泉顶有一个魔鬼，右手抓住一个小孩，正要咬掉他的脑袋，左手抓住一个口袋，看来他要慢慢享用里面的小孩。伯尔尼最精彩的街心泉是正义街上的“正义泉”。泉上的塑像是“正义女神”，一手执剑，一手端着天平。她的脚下是教皇、国王、高官显贵等人物的形象，寓意即使是帝王将相，也逃脱不了正义的约束与制裁。

●A Variety of Distinctive Attractions　琳琅满目的特色景点

Bern is not a big city with a few people. But it has beautiful surroundings and picturesque buildings.Besides the street springs in all sizes and shapes, there are a number of scenic spots that merit special mention.

伯尔尼虽然不大，人口也不多，但环境优美，建筑别致，吸引了许多游人。除了姿态万千的街心泉之外，城内还有很多引人注目的景点。

Muenster of Bern　伯尔尼大教堂

The Muenster of Bern is a Swiss Reformed cathedral, in the old city of Bern, Switzerland. Built in the Gothic style, its construction started in 1421.Its tower, with a height of 100.6 m, was only completed in 1893.It is the tallest cathedral in Switzerland and is a Cultural Property of National Significance.

The Muenster of Bern was built by the city of Bern as a symbol of the growing power of this city-state. The interior was therefore designed to awe the citizens as well as foreign visitors.The central nave was built in a lacy gothic style with enormous stained glass windows and numerous altars in side chapels.

The Choir, in the eastern side of the Cathedral between the nave and the sanctuary, houses the first Renaissance Choir Stalls in Switzerland. There are 21 seats on the Evangelisten side and 27 on the Epistel side.The stalls are richly carved with both animals and images of daily life.

伯尔尼大教堂是一座哥特式大教堂，位于瑞士首都伯尔尼古城内。这座哥特式大教堂建于1421年，其钟楼高达100.6米，直到1893年才完成。它是瑞士最高的教堂，被列为国家文化财产。

伯尔尼人建造伯尔尼大教堂的目的是将它做该城邦不断扩张的力量的象征。其内部设计让城内国外的游客肃然起敬。这是带花边的哥特式建筑，教堂中殿的旁边小教堂里镶嵌着庞大的彩色玻璃窗和无数的祭坛。

唱诗班在教堂的东侧，夹在中殿和祭坛之间，这里容纳着瑞士首届文艺复兴唱诗班座位。福音传教士这边是21个座位，宗徒书信这边是27个座位。这些座位都刻上了珍贵的动物形象和日常生活图案。

Zytglogge Tower　时钟塔

The Zytglogge tower is a landmark medieval tower in Bern, Switzerland. Built in the early 13th century, it has served the city as guard tower, prison, clock tower, center of urban life and civic memorial.Despite the many redecorations and renovations it has undergone in its 800 years of existence, the Zytglogge is one of Bern's most recognisable symbols and, with its 15th-century astronomical clock, a major tourist attraction.

When it was built around 1218-20，the Zytglogge served as the gate tower of Bern's western fortifications. These were erected after the city's first westward expansion following its de facto independence from the Empire.At that time, the Zytglogge was a squat building of only 16 metres in height.When the rapid growth of the city and the further expansion of the fortifications up to the Kafigturm relegated the tower to second-line status at around 1270-75，it was heightened by 7 metres to overlook the surrounding houses.Only after the city's western defences were extended again in 1344-46 up to the now-destroyed Christoffelturm, the Zytglogge was converted to a women's prison, notably housing Pfaffendirnen-"priests'whores"，women convicted of sexual relations with clerics.At this time, the Zytglogge also received its first slanted roof.

In 1770-71，the Zytglogge was renovated in order to suit the tastes of the late Baroque. It was repainted in the Rococo style in 1890.And a 1929 competition produced the facade designs visible today：on the west facade, Viktor's fresco Beginning of Time and on the east facade, a reconstruction of the 1770 design by Kurt.In 1981-83，the Zytglogge was thoroughly renovated again and generally restored to its 1770 appearance.

时钟塔是伯尔尼的一座中世纪塔楼。它建于13世纪初，曾经先后作为城门守卫塔、监狱、钟楼、城市生活和公民纪念中心。时钟塔已经存在了800年，尽管经历了多次整修，钟塔及其15世纪天文钟，仍是伯尔尼最知名的象征，一个主要的旅游景点。

时钟塔建于1218～1220年，最初为伯尔尼城西面的城门守卫塔。伯尔尼从神圣罗马帝国独立以后，城市向西扩展，修建此守卫塔。当时，时钟塔是一个矮胖的建筑，高度只有16米。城市快速成长，1270～1275年左右，城墙也向西扩展到狱塔一线，时钟塔退居二线地位，并且加高了7米，以便俯瞰周围的房屋。1344～1346年，西面的城墙再次向西扩展到现已不存在的克里斯托费尔塔，时钟塔改为女子监狱，尤其是关押“神甫的妓女”——因与神职人员发生性关系而被定罪的妇女。当时，时钟塔修建了第一个斜屋顶。

1770～1771年，时钟塔的建筑接受了翻新，为的是与后巴洛克式的风格相吻合。1890年，时钟塔又恢复了洛可可式风格。到了1929年，时钟塔推出了全新的外观设计，这就是我们如今看到的样貌：东边是维克托的壁画《起点》，西边是库尔特修复的1770年设计作品。1981～1983年，时钟塔进行了彻底的改观，基本恢复了1770年的模样。

Rose Garden　玫瑰园

The Rose Garden is the ancient landscape architecture in the city of Bern. The famous scenic spots are not the 220 kinds of total 18000 strains of roses, irises or cherries, but the ancient fountains with a long history and the elegant architectural style.It is still a good place for the visitors to see a full panoramic vista of the old city.

玫瑰园是伯尔尼市内的古老建筑园林，园内的著名景点并非220多种共计18000株的玫瑰、鸢尾花、樱花等，而是历史悠久的古老喷泉和典雅的建筑风格。这里还是一览老城区全景的好地方。

Einstein House　爱因斯坦博物馆

The Einstein House is located in the center of the Old City at Kramgasse 49，just some 200 meters from the Zytglogge. Albert Einstein rented the flat from 1903 to 1905 when he taught at the University of Bern and lived there with his wife Mileva and son Hans Albert.The second-floor residence features furnishings from that time period as well as photos and texts presented in a modern exhibition system.The third floor shows a film that gives an overview of Albert Einstein's life.

爱因斯坦博物馆位于老城中心的克拉姆大街49号，距离时钟塔正好200米。1903～1905年，阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦在伯尔尼大学任教期间，曾经租下了这间公寓，与他的妻子米列娃和儿子汉斯·阿尔伯特同住在这里。二楼的摆设复原了当时的家具陈设，比如那个年代的照片、学术资料，依照现代展览体系陈列起来。三楼播放影片，全面地记录了爱因斯坦的生平事迹。