University of Cambridge：The Cradle of the most ...
33.University of Cambridge：The Cradle of the most Nobel Prize Winners 剑桥大学——最多诺贝尔奖得主的摇篮
The University of Cambridge is a public research university located in Cambridge, England. It is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world.Graduates of the university have won a total of 87 Nobel Prizes, the most of any university in the world.
剑桥大学是位于英国剑桥市的公立研究型大学，是英语世界里成立的第二所大学。它曾经诞生了87位诺贝尔奖获得者，为世界第一。
●Here Light and Sacred Draughts 启蒙之所，智慧之源
The university grew out of an association of Cambridge scholars that was formed in 1209，early records suggest, by scholars leaving Oxford after a dispute with townsfolk. The two"ancient universities"have many common features and are often jointly referred to as Oxbridge.In addition to cultural and practical associations as a historic part of British society, they have a long history of rivalry with each other.
There are 35 colleges，3 women's colleges, and 2 specialized graduate schools in the University of Cambridge. The historical background of these 35 colleges are of various styles, and they have their unique college systems.Peter College, the first college of the University of Cambridge, was established in 1284，and the other colleges were built one after another in the 14th and 15th century.The most prestigious colleges are Trinity College and King's College.Cambridge's motto is"from here we receive light and sacred draughts."The University of Cambridge is the institution of higher education where the most Nobel Prize winners come into being, and many well-known British scientists, writers, politicians come from the university.
Cambridge is a member of the Coimbra Group, theInternational Alliance of Research Universities, the League of European Research Universities and the Russell Group of research-led British universities. It forms part of the Golden Triangle'of British universities.Cambridge ranks first in the world in the 2011 QS World University Rankings, sixth in the world in the 2011 Times Higher Education World University Rankings, and fifth in the world（and first in Europe）in the 2011 Academic Ranking of World Universities.
剑桥大学的前身是一个在剑桥市成立的学者协会，早期的记录称协会的学者是因和牛津城市居民的争端，于1209年离开牛津来到剑桥的。这两所“古典大学”有很多相似之处，经常被合称为“牛剑”。除了两所大学在文化和现实上的协作已成为英国社会史的一部分外，两所大学长久以来一直存在竞争。
剑桥大学有35个学院，有三个女子学院，两个专门的研究生院。各学院历史背景不同，实行独特的学院制。剑桥大学的第一所学院彼得学院于1284年建立，其他的学院在14和15世纪陆续建立。其中以三一学院与国王学院最负盛名。剑桥大学的校训是：“此地乃启蒙之所，智慧之源。”剑桥大学是诞生最多诺贝尔奖得主的高等学府，英国许多著名的科学家、作家、政治家都来自这所大学。
剑桥大学是科英布拉集团、研究型大学国际联盟、欧洲研究型大学联盟、英国名校联盟“罗素集团”的成员之一。它是英国大学中“金三角”的重要组成部分。根据2010年《QS世界大学》排名，剑桥大学全球排名第一，根据2011年《泰晤士高等教育世界大学》排名，剑桥大学排名第六，根据2011年《世界大学学术》排行榜，剑桥世界第五，欧洲第一。
●Different Style of College Landscape 风格各异的学院风景
To some extent, each college of the University of Cambridge looks like a miniature University, and has its own school rules. They have different landscape from each other and each has its own merits.
剑桥大学的每个学院在某种程度上就像一个微型大学，有自己的校规校纪。它们的风景也是各不相同、各有千秋。
Trinity College 三一学院
The Trinity College is the largest, the richest and the most famous college in the University of Cambridge. It also has the most beautiful architecture and courtyard in the university.
The Trinity College was built by the English king Henry VIII in 1546. The church of the Trinity College was built by Henry VIII's daughter Mary Tudor in 1554.The jade statues of the famous graduates were displayed in the forecourt of the church, including Newton, Bacon, Tennyson, etc.
On the roof of the library of the Trinity College, there stand four stone statues, representing the oldest four disciplines：theology, law, physics and mathematics. The library's collection is very valuable, including St Paul's manuscript of Epistles, Newton's first edition of Natural Principle, Milton's poem manuscripts, and Milne's Winnie the Pooh.
三一学院是剑桥大学中规模最大、财力最雄厚、名声最响亮的学院之一，它也拥有全剑桥大学中最优美的建筑与庭院。
三一学院是由英国国王亨利八世于1546年所建，三一学院的教堂是由亨利八世的女儿玛丽·都铎于1554年修建的。教堂前厅摆着从三一学院毕业的著名毕业生的玉石雕像，包括牛顿、培根、丁尼生等人。
三一学院的图书馆的屋顶上伫立着四座石像，代表的是四门最古老的学科：神学、法学、物理学和数学。图书馆的馆藏十分有价值，包括圣保罗的“使徒书信”手稿、牛顿的《自然原理》初版、密尔顿诗作手稿、弥尔纳的《小熊维尼》等。
King's College 国王学院
King's College was founded in 1441 by Henry VI. However, the King's plans for the college were disrupted by the civil war and resultant scarcity of funds, and his eventual deposition.Little progress was made on the project until in 1508 Henry VII began to take an interest in the college, most likely as a political move to legitimise his new position.The building of the college's chapel, begun in 1446，was finally finished in 1544 during the reign of Henry VIII.
King's chapel is regarded as one of the greatest examples of late Gothic English architecture. It has the world's largest fan-vault, and the chapel's stained-glass windows and wooden chancel screen are considered some of the finest from their era.The building is seen as emblematic of Cambridge.The chapel's choir, composed of male students at King's and choristers from the nearby King’s College School, is one of the most accomplished and renowned in the world.Every year on Christmas Eve, the Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols is broadcast from the chapel to millions of listeners worldwide.
国王学院始建于1441年，由英格兰国王亨利六世建立。然而，国王的计划却被因内战原因而造成的财政危机搁浅了。工程的进展微乎其微，直到1508年，亨利七世对该学院产生了很大的兴趣，这很可能是他将自己的新地位合法化的一项整治行动吧。该学院的小教堂于1446年开工，最后于1544年亨利八世统治时期竣工。
国王学院礼拜堂被公认为英国哥特式建筑的最伟大的代表。它拥有世界上最大的扇形拱顶，礼拜堂的彩色玻璃窗和木制圣坛屏被公认为那个时代最精美的作品。这座建筑是剑桥的象征。礼拜堂的唱诗班的组员是国王学院的男生和附近学院的合唱队歌手，那是世界上最著名的成就最高的唱诗班。每年的平安夜，礼拜堂都会将《九道日课和圣诞颂歌》广播给全世界听众。
St Catharine's College 圣凯瑟琳学院
St Catharine's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Founded in 1473，the college is located in the historic city-centre of Cambridge, and lies just south of King's College.The college is notable for its open court that faces towards Trumpington Street.
Robert, Provost of King's College, had begun preparations for the founding of a new college as early as 1459 when he bought tenements on which the new college could be built. The preparation cost him a great deal of his private fortune, and he was forced to scale down the foundation.
Robert may have chosen the name in homage to the mother of King Henry VI who was called Catharine, although it is more likely that it was named as part of the Renaissance cult of St Catharine, who was a patron saint of learning. At any rate, the college was ready for habitation and formally founded on St Catharine's day（November 25）1473.It was initially known as Katharine Hall.
圣凯瑟琳是剑桥大学的学院之一。它成立于1473年，坐落在历史城市剑桥的中心、国王学院的南边。学院以其公开面对特兰平顿街而出名。
国王学院教务长罗伯特早在1459年买下可以在其上建造学院的公寓时，就开始筹备建造一所新的学院了。这项工程的准备工作花掉了他大量的私人财产，因此他不得不缩减成本。
罗伯特选择“圣凯瑟琳”这个名字，可能是为了表达他对亨利六世国王的母亲凯瑟琳的敬意，尽管听起来更像是祭拜文艺复兴时期的学问守护神圣凯瑟琳而命名的。无论如何，该学院准备居住，正式成立时间为1473年11月25日圣凯瑟琳节。它最初称为凯瑟琳大厅。