Passage A
◆Important Words and Expressions◆
dismiss［dIsˈmIs］vt.bar from attention or consideration不考虑，不理会
e.g. 1.Please dismiss all doubts about it.请打消对此事的一切顾虑。
2.He tried without success to dismiss her from his thoughts.
他尽量不去想她，然而无济于事。
underlying［ˈʌndəˈlaIIŋ］adj.in the nature of something though not readily apparent隐含的，潜在的
e.g. 1.The underlying theme of the novel is very serious.小说隐含的主题是十分严肃的。
2.This word has its underlying meaning.这个单词有它潜在的含义。
3.To stop a problem you have to understand its underlying causes.
要想杜绝问题的发生，必须弄清它的深层原因。
disincline［ˈd IsInˈklaIn］vt.make unwilling不愿，厌恶
e.g. 1.I feel rather disincline to talk about the accident.我觉得很不愿意谈这事故。
2.Her delicate constitution disinclines her from such an arduous job.
她纤弱的体质使得她不想担任如此艰巨的工作。
in search of寻找
e.g. 1.Migrant workers move from country to country in search of work.
流动工人为寻找工作，从一个国家迁移到另一个国家。
2.They set off in search of the lost child.他们出发去寻找走失的孩子。
3.He glanced about as if he was in search of something.
他扫视了四周，好像在搜寻什么东西。
differentiate…from将……区分开来
e.g. 1.At this age your baby cannot differentiate one person from another.
这个年龄的婴儿还不能认人。
2.How can we differentiate our product from our competitors'?
我们该如何将咱们的商品与竞争者的商品区分开来呢？
◆Explanations of Difficult Sentences◆
1.Fashion and style are things that we often dismiss as frivolous,but in truth they are foundational to the structure of a society and tell us volumes about the underlying culture,or subculture,of a population.
•时尚与风格经常被我们认为是毫无用处的东西而不予理会，但是实际上他们是社会结构的基石并且告诉我们大量的关于社会人群中存在的潜在文化或亚文化的信息。
•本句为that引导的定语从句，先行词为things。Be foundational to意为“是……基础，对……来说是基本的”。Volumes表示大量内容。Population此处指社会人群，不指人口。
2.Interestingly,subcultures and their expressions of identity through fashion are often dismissed by marketers and management precisely because they represent something counter to the mainstream.
•有趣的是亚文化以及它们通过时尚所进行的个性表达经常被商人和管理人员所忽视，准确地讲，是由于它们所反映的东西与主流文化相左。
•Because可以被副词修饰。可以修饰because的副词还有only，just，merely，mainly，partly等，如：
If death seemed frightening,it was only because I loved life so dearly.
死假如可怕，那只因为活着是可爱的。
I made a progress mainly because I had tried my best to work.
我取得进步主要是因为我竭尽全力地工作。
•Counter to意为“相反的，与……相反”，如：
He acted counter to old conventions.他的行为与旧习俗背道而驰。
Economic trends are running counter to the forecasts.
经济发展的趋势与预测的结果截然相反。
3.This process of cultural appropriation may result in the death or evolution of the subculture,as its members adopt new styles that appear alien to mainstream society.
•这个文化借用的过程可能会导致一些亚文化的消亡与进化，而同时这些亚文化的成员又会采用新的、与主流文化相异的风格。
•Cultural appropriation意为“文化上的挪用，文化上的借用”，指的是主流文化对于亚文化风格借用和挪用。此句中的as意为“与此同时”。
4.But recent history is proof that past youth subcultures have influenced mainstream fashion and youth subcultures are on the forefront of fashion change and experimentation.
•但是，最近的历史有证据表明过去的青年亚文化已经影响了主流时尚并且青年亚文化处在时尚变化与尝试的前沿。
•proof后面的that从句为同位语从句，全句内容就相当于proof。此句中forefront一词意为“最前沿”。此句中的experimentation根据全句的语境应该翻译为“大胆尝试”。
5.A subculture is a group of people with a culture which differentiates them from the larger culture to which they belong.
•亚文化就是指一群人，他们所拥有的文化与他们所属的更大的文化圈存在差异。
•此句中包含两个定语从句，第一个定语从句为which differentiates them from the larger culture to which they belong.先行词为a culture。在该定语从句中又包含一个定语从句to which they belong。该句的先行词是the large culture，to是词组belong to中的介词前置于which之前。
6.The subculture,the clothes that the young wear in the street,the ideas of the rock bands,the clothes in the clubs,etc.,influence and transform fashion design.
•亚文化，青年人的街头着装，摇滚乐队的理念，俱乐部中人们的服饰都影响并改变着时尚设计。
•该句主语为influence之前的所有部分，主语为the subculture，the clothes，the idea和the clothes in the clubs。主语中含一个定语从句that the young wear in the street，该从句先行词为the clothes。该句谓语为influence和transform，宾语是fashion design。
7.Over the past few years,all of these subcultures have been referenced in mainstream fashion,and the popularity of many of the classic,staple items in our wardrobes is thanks to these subcultures.
•在过去的几年中，所有的亚文化都被主流时尚借鉴，你衣柜中很多经典款和基本款服装的流行都要归功于这些亚文化。
•reference在此句中用于被动语态，译为“被引用，被参考”。staple items指着装中的“基本款”。
•be thanks to意为“由于，多亏”，如：
It is thanks to the green plants that makes the air full of free oxygen.
多亏有了绿色植物，空气中充满了游离氧。