三、结语

三、结语

综上所述,红河三角洲地区曾置汉朝郡县,所发现汉代铜镜应为中原直接输出,包括铜镜在内的汉式遗物与当地本土自造器物同穴而出,可推知汉文化与当地文化水乳交融,相互映衬,物质贸易和文化交流已根植于斯;南海周缘东南亚地区发现的汉唐铜镜或为海上丝绸之路上的商贾旅人自用携带后随身葬于异土,或为馈赠礼品,或是贸易交换以物易物,深得当地人民喜爱。需要注意的是,彼时东南亚诸国可能并不具备铜镜生产工艺技术,故所发现铜镜应皆为中原制造(或日本早期仿制)流传所至,相信今后通过铅同位素考古及精细地球化学特征的科技考古研究更能追本溯源。中原铜镜抵达东洋列岛后,彼民珍视有加,古代日本人民在承袭中原制镜工艺、技术的基础上,最终让制镜工艺、技术在本国生根发芽,自成一系。铜镜光可鉴人,映射出自古以来中外人民之间文化交往、互利互惠、友好共存的万象繁华。

【注释】

〔1〕韦伟燕:《越南境内汉墓的考古学研究》,吉林大学博士学位论文,2017年,第25—59页。

〔2〕黎文兰、范文耿、阮灵著,梁志明译:《越南青铜时代的第一批遗迹》,中国古代铜鼓研究会编,1982年。

〔3〕Yamagata Mariko,Pham Duc Manh,Bui Chi Hoang.Western Han Bronze Mirrors Recently Discovered in Central and Southern Vietnam.Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association Bulletin,2001,21(5):99-105.

〔4〕Bui C.H.The Phu Chanh Site:Cultural Evolution and Interaction in The Later Prehistory of Southern Vietnam.Bulletin of the Indo-Prehistory Association,2008,28(2):67-72.

〔5〕Nguyen Kim Dung.The Sa Huynh Culture in Ancient Regional Trade Networks:A Comparative Study of Ornaments.In Philip J.Piper,Hirofumi Matsumura,David Bulbeck(eds.).Terra Australis(45),New Perspectives in Southeast Asian and Pacific Prehistory,ANU Press,Canberra,2017:311-332.

〔6〕Lam Thi My Dzung.Sa Huyhn Regional and Inter-regional Interactions in the Thu Bon Valley,Quang Nam Province,Central Vietnam.Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association,2009(29):68-75.

〔7〕同[3]。

〔8〕Bérénice Bellina.Maritime Silk Roads'Ornament Industries:Socio-political Practices and Cultural Transfers in the South China Sea.Cambridge Archaeological Journal,2014,24(3):345-377.

〔9〕Bérénice Bellina,Praon Silapanth,Boonyarit Chaisuwan et al.The Development of Coastal Polities in the Upper Thai-Malay Peninsula.In Nicolas Murphy,Stephen A.(eds.).Before Siam:Essays in Art andArchaeology,River Books and the Siam Society,Bangkok,2014:69-89.

〔10〕Ambra Calo,Peter Bellwood,James Lankton et al.Trans-Asiatic Exchange of Glass,Gold and Bronze:Analysis of Finds from the Late Prehistoric Pangkung Paruk Site,Bali.Antiquity,2020,94(373):1-17.

〔11〕François Louis.Bronze Mirrors on the Belitung Wreck.In Regina Krahl,John Guy,J.Keith Wilson,Julian Raby(eds.).Shipwrecked Tang Treasures and Monsoon Winds.Published by The Arthur M.Sackler Gallery,Smithsonian Institution,Washington D.C.,The National Heritage Board of Singapore,and The Singapore Tourism Board,Singapore,2010:212-219.

〔12〕日本考古学协会:http://archaeology.jp/sites/2005/yoshinogari.htm。

〔13〕宫川禎一:《古墳時代の鈴の音》,京都国立博物馆编,https://www.kyohaku.go.jp/jp/dictio/kouko/97kofun.html。

〔14〕高倩琳,尹钊,戴雪峰:《正仓院藏唐代铜镜所见之中日文化交流》,《东方收藏》2019第2期,第12—16页。