2.3 本章小结

2.3 本章小结

本章主要从理论和实践两方面对基于程序正义视角的城市规划公众参与制度设计进行相关研究。

本研究对行政过程中的程序正义理论、城乡规划公众参与理论及制度与制度设计理论进行了综述,其中程序正义理论为城市规划公众参与制度研究的程序正义视角提供了理论基础,通过罗尔斯、哈贝马斯及泰勒等人的研究,可以得出行政决策公众参与的法理基础,即公众参与是行政过程实现程序正义的内在要求,同时公众参与制度本身也必须实现程序正义的标准,只有这样,才能提高公众对规划结果的可接受性,促进行政决策实质正义的实现。城乡规划公众参与理论是本研究的核心基础,是本研究的逻辑起点所在。从城乡规划公众参与理论的发展过程可以看出,城乡规划公众参与理论的法理基础是规划合法化自我证成的需要。它的证成路径以两种形式呈现:一是通过公众参与实现程序的正当性来实现规划的合法性;二是通过公众参与制度的程序正义标准促进规划合法性实现。这与前面的理论基础研究不谋而合。然而,目前的研究只专注公众参与的工具价值,忽视了程序正义价值的要求。这一缺陷奠定了本研究以程序正义为视角的基础,是本研究产生的缘由。制度研究离不开制度理论的支持,制度与制度设计理论为本研究提供了制度研究的分析工具和设计策略。

从国内外城乡规划运行过程中公众参与制度设计的内容来看,尽管各个国家和地方的制度环境不尽相同,但是其制度设计中的某些共同的“正当性特质”促进了规划的可接受性,如组织机构和职能安排上的“分权制衡”,参与过程信息透明,公众拥有影响决策结果的实质性权利,等等。这都为本研究进行的制度创新提供了很好的借鉴。都江堰灾后重建规划公众参与制度的研究为本研究奠定了路径基础,虽然它是特殊情况下的产物,但是其制度设计并无任何违和感,且能被公众很好地接受和执行,促进了城市的开发和建设,这说明只要进行恰当的设计,实现程序正义,公众参与制度也会在我国的制度环境下得到很好的执行和发展。

【注释】

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