Passage 41
学霸导读 本性和教养，哪一个才是我们行为的决定因素？
People have w 1 for a long time how their personalities （ 个性 ） and behavior are formed. However， it is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not， or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are of course extremely interested in these types of questions. There are no c 2 answers yet， but two distinct schools （ 流派 ） of thought on the matter have developed. The controversy （ 争论 ） is often referred to as “nature （ 本性 ） and nurture （ 教养 ）”.
Those who support the “nature” side of the conf lict （ 冲突 ） believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. That our environment has l 3 ， if anything， to do with our abilities， characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. This theory states that our behavior is predetermined （ 预先决定 ） to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed （ 支配，统治 ） by our instincts.
Supporters of the “nurture” theory， or， as they are often called， behaviorists， claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will a 4 . A behaviorist， B. F. Skinner， sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely s 5 by their surroundings. The behaviorists state that， like machines， humans respond to environmental stimuli （ 刺激 ） as the basis of their behavior.
Socially and politically， the consequences of these two theories are far-reaching （ 影响深远 ）. In the U.S.， for example， blacks often score below whites on standardized （ 标准化的 ） intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically （ 遗传上地 ） lower in status than whites are. Behaviorists， on the contrary， say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental a 6 that whites enjoy， and that， as a result， they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. As a matter of fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere b 7 these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
1.__________2.__________3.__________4.__________5.__________6.__________7.__________
高频词汇
form /fɔːm/ v. （使）出现，（使）形 成，（使）产生
cooperative /kəʊ'ɒpərətɪv/ adj. 乐于合作的；协作的；配合的
competitive /kəm'petɪtɪv/ adj. 竞争的；竞赛的
distinct /dɪ'stɪŋkt/ adj. 显著的，明显的；确实的
state / steɪt/ v. （尤指清楚谨慎地） 陈述，说明，声明
consequence /'kɒnsɪkwəns/ n. （常指不好或不利的） 结果，后果
on the contrary 正相反，恰恰相反