Passage 43
学霸导读 人类习惯给各种情绪贴标签，那么你可知道，人类为何会进化出种种情绪？
Emotions are not a s 1 experience.
Every time you feel something your body initiates a physiological change， a chemical release （ 释放 ） and a behavioural （ 行为上的 ） response. This process involves multiple processes working together， including your major organs （ 器官 ）， neurotransmitters （ 神经递质 ） and limbic （ 大脑边缘叶的 ） system. The limbic system which is thought to have f irst evolved in early mammals is f illed with ancient neural pathways （ 神经通路 ） that activate （ 激活 ） our emotions in response to stimuli and controls our f ight-or-f light response.
When we are confronted for not doing the dishes, our heart rate and breathing i 2 , and the f ine hairs on our arms might stand on end as we decide if we are going to stay and argue or if we are going to escape to safety of our bedroom.
The biological sensations （ 知觉 ） in our bodies in response to emotions can feel very similar to one a 3 . Imagine your palms sweating， feeling your cheeks warm as they f lushed， and your heart pounding in your chest. Our logical brain rationalizes （ 合理化 ） these responses and describes them as feelings. We take into c 4 the context （ 环境 ） and label （ 贴标签 ） our emotions accordingly.
While we interpret different emotions as positive or negative， the most ancient parts of the human brain developed them on the principle （ 原则 ） that we must s 5 . Our fear responses are originally a survival tactic （ 策略 ） that warns us of potential dangers， such as our innate （ 与生俱来的 ） unease （ 不安 ） around spiders and snakes. Then there is the feeling of disgust （ 厌恶 ）， which warns us of foods or other substances （ 物质 ） that may be dangerous.
Our other emotions are responses to social interactions that k 6 us part of a group. We are fundamentally a social species， and throughout our evolution have relied on our tribe to help us survive by working together to f ind food and shelter. A 7 is a response to perceived social threats or a signal of dominance （ 主导地位 ）， pride can help as to boost our social status， while shame is intended to decrease our standing （ 地位 ） within a group.
The fundamental emotions that motivate us are almost always sadness and happiness. A healthy human brain copes with sadness when social bonds （ 纽 带 ） are broken， communicates with our loved ones and can recognize and regulate our emotions even when they do not feel particularly positive.
Our emotions and feelings are fundamentally what make us human， but it means we’ re in for a bit of a rollercoaster （ 过山车 ） along the way.
1.__________2.__________3.__________4.__________5.__________6.__________7.__________
高频词汇
initiate /ɪ'nɪʃieɪt/ v. 开始；发起
confront /kən'frʌnt/ v. 使面对，使面临，使对付（令人不快或难处的人或场合）
interpret /ɪn'tɜː prɪt/ v. 诠释；说明
fundamentally /ˌfʌndə'mentəli/ adv. 根本上；完全地
cope with 对付，处理