北洋大学法科：中国最早的法学教育机构 LAW DEPARTMENT OF BEIYANG UNIVE...
光绪二十一年（1895），直隶津海关道兼直隶津海关监督、“中国实业之父”盛宣怀通过直隶总督兼北洋大臣王文韶禀奏德宗皇帝设立新式学堂。同年八月十八日（10月2日），德宗皇帝御笔钦准，成立天津北洋西学学堂（1896年更名为天津北洋大学堂，1903年改称北洋大学堂，民国成立后改称北洋大学及国立北洋大学，今天津大学的前身）。这是中国近代历史上第一所官办大学，10月2日也成为了中国第一所大学的建校纪念日。
In 1895, Sheng Xuanhuai, the “Master of Chinese industry” and the supervisor of Zhili Tianjin Customs Dao, sent a letter to Emperor Dezong to set up the new school through Wang Wenshao, the Governor of Zhili and Minister of Beiyang.On October 2 of the same year, Emperor Dezong established Tianjin Western Studies School(renamed Tianjin Beiyang University in 1896, renamed Beiyang University in 1903,renamed Beiyang University and National Beiyang University after the founding of the Republic of China, the predecessor of Tianjin University today).This was the first official university in modern Chinese history, and October 2 had become the anniversary of the founding of the first university in China.
针对清王朝在处理内政外交事务上急需法律人才以及开发矿产资源、发展机械加工工业的实际，北洋西学学堂开设了律例学、工程学、矿务学、电学等学科，并随着社会的变化，及时添设新的专业。
In view of the fact that the Qing Dynasty was in urgent need of legal talents in dealing with domestic and foreign affairs, as well as the development of mining resources and mechanical processing industry, Tianjin Western Studies School opened disciplines such as law, engineering, mining, electricity, etc., and added new specialties in time with the change of society.
律例学即为法科，由美籍学者林文德等人讲授，包括大清律例、各国通商条约、万国公法等课程。近代著名法学家、政治家、外交家王宠惠便是北洋西学学堂头等学堂第一班25人中的一员，也是北洋大学法科的首批毕业生之一。王宠惠（1881—1958），字亮畴，广东东莞人。光绪二十一年，刚刚成立的北洋西学学堂在全国招考学员，王宠惠在香港报名参加考试，并以优异的成绩进入北洋西学学堂头等学堂攻读法律。光绪二十五年（1899），王宠惠以最优成绩毕业，并获得了第一张中国大学毕业文凭，又称“钦字第壹号”文凭。
Legal science was the law department, taught by American scholar Edgar Pierce Allen and others, including the laws of the Qing Dynasty, international trade treaties, universal public law and other courses.Wang Chonghui, a famous jurist,politician and diplomat in modern times, was one of the 25 students in the first class of Tianjin Western Studies School, and also one of the first batch of graduates of law department in Beiyang University.Wang Chonghui (1881-1958), born in Dongguan, Guangdong Province.In 1895, the newly established Tianjin Western Studies School recruited students from all over the country.Wang Chonghui signed up for the examination in Hong Kong and entered the first-class school of Tianjin Western Studies School to study law with excellent results.In 1899, Wang Chonghui graduated with the best results and obtained the first Chinese university diploma,also known as “Qinzi No.1” diploma.
此后不久，天津大学堂因义和团运动和八国联军侵华而陷于停顿。光绪二十八年（1902），直隶总督兼北洋大臣袁世凯将其恢复，并于第二年更名为北洋大学堂。重建后的北洋大学法科开设了国文、国史、英文（兼习法文或德文）、西史、生理、天文、大清律例要义、宪法史、宪法、法律总义、法律学原理、罗马法律史、合同律例、刑法、交涉法、罗马法、商法、损伤赔偿法、田产学、成案比较、船法、诉讼法则、约章、理财学、兵学等多门课程。
盛宣怀、丁家立与北洋大学堂师生合影
A group photo of Sheng Xuanhuai，Tenney Charles Daniel and teachers and students of Beiyang University
王宠惠“钦字第壹号”文凭
Wang Chonghui’s “Qinzi No.1” diploma
Shortly after that, Tianjin University came to a standstill because of the Yihetuan Movement and the invasion of China by the Eight-Power Allied Forces.In 1902, Yuan Shikai, Governor of Zhili and Minister of Beiyang, restored and renamed it Beiyang University in the following year.After reconstruction, the courses of law department were Chinese, Chinese history, English (learning French or German),western history, physiology, astronomy, laws and regulations of Qing Dynasty,history of constitution, constitution, general meaning of law, principles of law,history of Roman law, contract law, criminal law, negotiation law, Roman law,commercial law, damage compensation law, field science, case comparison, shipping law, procedural law, charter, financial management, military science, etc.
1913年，北洋大学根据北洋政府新颁布的《大学规程》对法科课程进行了调整和充实，新开设必修课宪法、行政法、刑法、民法、商法、破产法、刑事诉讼法、民事诉讼法、国际公法、国际私法、罗马法、法制法、法理法、经济法，选修课比较法制史、财政学，并任选英吉利法、德意志法或法兰西法一种。1917年2月，北洋政府教育部发布训令，要求北洋大学所有法律正科班（即本科班）办至毕业为止。1920年6月，北洋大学法科乙班为该校最后一届法律专业毕业班。此后，北洋大学法科停办，并于1924年并入北京大学。
In 1913, Beiyang University adjusted and enriched the law courses according to the new University Regulations issued by the Beiyang Government.It opened new compulsory courses such as constitution, administrative law, criminal law, civil law, commercial law, bankruptcy law, criminal procedure law, civil procedure law,international public law, international private law, Roman law, legal law, legal theory law, economic law, and elective courses such as comparative legal history,finance, and choose English law, German law or French law.In February 1917, the Ministry of Education of the Beiyang Government issued an instruction, requiring all the law major classes (undergraduate classes) of Beiyang University to be run until graduation.In June 1920, class B of law department in Beiyang University was the last graduating class of law major.After that, the law department of Beiyang University was closed down and merged into Peking University in 1924.
1913 年北洋大学法科乙班师生合影
A group photo of teachers and students in class B of the law department of Beiyang University in 1913
民国时期的北洋大学法科共培养了88名法律专业毕业生，人数虽然不多，但由于北洋大学在课程设置、教学安排、教科书选择等方面一直处于先进水平，并始终保持严谨治学、严格要求、艰苦朴素的校风，因而形成了北洋大学独特的学术传统和校园风貌，培养出了一批法学名家和知名律师，赵天麟、冯熙远、张太雷、吴经熊、贾文范、钱俊、张务滋、吴大业以及清朝末年的王宠惠都先后毕业于北洋大学法科，为20世纪上半叶的中国司法作出了卓越的贡献。
钱俊律师宣统三年（1911）北洋大学堂毕业文凭存根
Lawyer Qian Jun's diploma stub of Beiyang University in 1911
During the period of the Republic of China, a total of 88 law graduates were trained in the law department of Beiyang University.Although the number was small,because Beiyang University had always been at an advanced level in curriculum,teaching arrangement, textbook selection, etc., and had always maintained the school spirit of rigorous scholarship, strict requirements, hardship and simplicity, it had formed its unique academic tradition and campus style.Zhao Tianlin, Feng Xiyuan,Zhang Tailei, Wu Jingxiong, Jia Wenfan, Qian Jun, Zhang Wuzi, Wu Daye and Wang Chonghui, who graduated from the law department of Beiyang University, had made outstanding contributions to Chinese justice in the first half of the 20th century.