抗战胜利后的天津司法与律师 TIANJIN JUDICIAL AND LAWYERS AFTER T...
一、抗战胜利后天津的司法活动
1.Judicial Activities in Tianjin after the Victory of Anti—Japanese War
1945年8月抗战胜利后，南京国民政府派贾艮任天津地方法院院长。在当年12月1日接收了日伪时期的天津地方法院后，国民政府对前法院人员及法院组织机构作了重大调整。除地方法院外，原河北省高等法院设在天津的第一分院也得到恢复，到1948年3月改称河北高等法院天津分院。
After the victory of Anti-Japanese War in August 1945, Nanjing National Government appointed Jia Gen as the president of the Tianjin District Court.After accepting the Tianjin District Court during the puppet regime on December 1 of that year, the Nationalist Government made major adjustments to the former court personnel and court organization.In addition to the district court, the first branch of the Hebei High Court in Tianjin was restored, and in March 1948 it was renamed the Tianjin Branch of the Hebei High Court.
1945—1946 年，国民政府先后颁布了《处理汉奸案件条例》及《惩治汉奸条例》。天津对汉奸的一审设在河北高等法院第一分院，其中最著名的就是1945 年的审判方若汉奸案。
1945 年审判汉奸方若
Trial of traitor Fang Ruo in 1945
From 1945 to 1946, the Nationalist Government successively promulgated the Regulations on Handling Traitors Cases and the Regulations on Punishing Traitors.The first instance of the traitor in Tianjin was set up in the First Branch of the Hebei High Court.The most famous of these was the 1945 Fang Ruo traitor case.
方若，字药雨，浙江定海人。光绪二十年（1894）来津，后赴《国闻报》任编辑。光绪二十九年（1903），日本驻津领事馆在日租界旭街开办《天津日日新闻》，方若任经理。其妻汤小豹系日女所生，故与日人过从甚密。方若借此关系，揽下日租界垫土修路工程而发迹，成为津门巨富。
Fang Ruo, whose courtesy name was Yaoyu, was born in Dinghai, Zhejiang.He came to Tianjin in 1894 and later worked as an editor for Guowen Newspaper.In 1903,the Japanese Consulate in Tianjin opened the Tianjin Daily News in Asahi Street,Japanese Concession, and Fang Ruo served as the manager.His wife, Tang Xiaobao,was born to a Japanese woman, so she had a close relationship with the Japanese.With this relationship, Fang Ruo succeeded in taking over the construction of roads in the Japanese Concession and became a wealthy man in Tianjin.
1937年8月20日，方若执掌伪天津法院，31日伪高、地两级法院成立后，又充任伪“两院”院长。三个月后，孔嘉璋接任伪院长，方若改任伪政府参事。1941年12月太平洋战争爆发，英美对日宣战，天津英租界为日伪政府接管，改称特别区。1942年3月，方若转任该区伪署长，7月升任伪华北政务委员会委员。1945年2月，改任该会顾问，直至日本投降。
On August 20, 1937, Fang Ruo took charge of the puppet Tianjin court.After the establishment of the puppet high and prefectural courts on the 31st, he served as the puppet president of the “two organizations”.Three months later, Kong Jiazhang took over as the puppet president, Fang Ruo changed to the puppet government counselor.In December 1941, the Pacific War broke out.Britain and the United States declared war on Japan.The British concession in Tianjin was taken over by the Japanese and puppet government and was renamed a special area.In March 1942,Fang Ruo was transferred to the district director.In July, he was promoted to a member of the puppet North China Political Affairs Committee.In February 1945, he was appointed as the consultant of the association until Japan surrendered.
1945年12月6日，方若因汉奸罪被国民政府军统局捕送河北高等法院第一分院。方若对其担任伪职供认不讳，并写有《自述书》。在职八年，方若提倡“中日亲善”，并引以为豪。1944年5月3日他接受《天津华北新报》采访时宣称：“我们的主旨，希望挽回人心，脱离联俄死路，而与同文同种日本敦睦邦交，共谋捍卫东亚大计。”足见其卖国之坚定。
On December 6, 1945, Fang Ruo was arrested by the Bureau of Investigation and Statistics of the Military Commission of the Nationalist Government and sent to the First Branch of the Hebei High Court for the crime of traitor.Fang Ruo confessed to his previous puppet posts, and wrote The Book of Self Report.During his eight years in office, he advocated “goodwill” between China and Japan, and was proud of it.On May 3, 1944, he declared in an interview with the Tianjin North China News, “Our main purpose is to save people's hearts and break away from the dead end of the alliance.We have established diplomatic relations with Japan of the same language and the same species, and conspired to defend the grand plan of East Asia.” This shows his firm idea of tredson.
在审期间，法院也收到了徐世章、雍剑秋、丁懋英、张务滋等天津乡绅的具结证词，证明“日寇加诸人民之暴行，（方若）尚知设法维护”。如1937年8月日军拟强占江苏、浙江两义园，1941年9月日本浪人强占广仁堂房屋、田地，均经方若与敌军交涉而免予侵占。1941年1月，天津女医院院长丁懋英被日军宪兵队逮捕，同年12月燕达学校校长张务滋被日伪文教部传讯扣押，均经方若具保释放，理由是“念其衰年，法外准予保释”。
During the trial, the court also received confirmed testimony from Tianjin squires such as Xu Shizhang, Yong Jianqiu, Ding Maoying, Zhang Wuzi, etc., proving that “the atrocities committed by the Japanese invaded the people, (Fang Ruo) still knew how to defend”, such as the Japanese army's proposed occupation in August 1937.In Jiangsu and Zhejiang Liangyi Gardens, in September 1941, the Japanese Ronin forcibly occupied the houses and fields of Guangrentang, but they were exempted from occupying them through negotiations with the enemy.In January 1941, Ding Maoying, the director of Tianjin Women's Hospital, was arrested for the Japanese military police.In December of the same year, Zhang Wuzi, the principal of Yanda School, was summoned and detained by the puppet Ministry of Culture and Education.Both were released by Fang Ruo on the grounds that “the release was granted due to old age.”
1948年3月20日，河北高等法院天津分院判决：“方若通谋敌国，反抗本国，处有期徒刑七年，褫夺公权五年。全部财产除酌留家属必需生活费外没收。”方若不服判决，上诉至南京最高法院，并以“年高气衰，感患失眠、咳嗽等症，精神疲惫”为由，申请具保，停止羁押。同年6月26日，最高法院作出终审判决：“原判决撤销，方若通谋敌国，图谋反抗本国，处有期徒刑五年，褫夺公权五年。”其理由是“对此年已八十岁之被告，仍处以有期徒刑七年，量刑显有未当”。1949年7月，天津市人民法院作出“方若通敌叛国，迫害人民，处有期徒刑三年，缓刑五年”的判决。1954年，方若在天津病逝。
天津地方法院欢迎居正、夏勤两院长莅临视察（与高、地两院职员合影）
The Tianjin District Court welcomed Presidents Ju Zheng and Xia Qin to visit and inspect （a photo with the staff of the high court and district court）
On March 20, 1948, the Tianjin Branch of the Hebei High Court sentenced as follow, “Fang Ruo conspired against the enemy country and rebelled against his own country.He was sentenced to seven years' imprisonment and deprived of public power for five years.All his property must be confiscated except for his family members.Appealed to the Supreme Court of Nanjing, and applied for insurance and ceased detention on the grounds of young age, dysphoria, insomnia, coughing, and mental exhaustion”.On June 26 of the same year, the Supreme Court made a final judgment, “The original judgment was revoked.Fang Ruo conspired against the enemy country and attempted to rebel against his country.He was sentenced to five years imprisonment and five years of deprivation of public power.” The reason was that “He was eighty years old this year.The defendant was still sentenced to seven years'imprisonment, and the sentence was clearly improper.” In July 1949, the Tianjin Municipal People's Court ruled that “Fang Ruo treason with the enemy and persecuted the people was sentenced to three years imprisonment and five years probation.” In 1954, Fang Ruo died of illness in Tianjin.
抗战胜利后，朝阳学院迁回北平，并于1946年秋在原址复校。1947年3月1日，曾任朝阳学院校董事长的司法院院长居正和曾任该校代院长的最高法院院长夏勤专程从南京赶赴北平参加庆祝活动。活动结束后，他二人在河北高等法院院长邓哲熙的陪同下，到天津视察河北高等法院第一分院和天津地方法院。
After the victory of Anti-Japanese War, Chaoyang College moved back to Beiping,and reopened at the original site in the autumn of 1946.On March 1, 1947, Ju Zheng,Dean of the Judicial Yuan, who was the chairman of Chaoyang College, and Xia Qin,Dean of the Supreme Court, who was the acting dean of the school, made a special trip from Nanjing to Beiping to participate in the celebration.After the event,the two of them, accompanied by Deng Zhexi, President of Hebei High Court, went to Tianjin to inspect the First Branch of Hebei High Court and Tianjin District Court.
1947年3月3日上午9时10分，居正一行乘加挂专列离开北平，当时预计11时1刻抵达天津。天津市副市长张子奇、秘书长梁子青，河北高等法院天津分院院长刘荣松，天津地方法院院长贾艮，律师公会代表及高、地两院全体职员约200人齐集东火车站迎接。因列车在廊坊稍作停留，故延至12时抵津。宾主双方稍作寒暄，随即登车赴河东大陆银行，出席高、地两院举行的欢迎宴会。
居正一行步入欢迎会场
Ju Zheng and his party stepped into the welcoming venue
At 9:10 a.m.on March 3, 1947, Ju Zheng and his party boarded a special train and left Beiping.They were expected to arrive in Tianjin at 11:15.About 200 people including Zhang Ziqi, Deputy Mayor of Tianjin, Liang Ziqing, Secretary-General, Liu Rongsong, President of Tianjin Branch of Hebei High Court, Jia Gen, President of Tianjin District Court, representatives of the Bar Association and all staff of the high court and district court, greeted at East Railway Station.Because the train stopped in Langfang for a while, it was postponed to arrive in Tianjin at about 12 o'clock.The host and the guest exchanged a little greeting, and then boarded the car and rushed to the Hedong Mainland Bank to attend the welcome banquet held by the high court and district court.
入席前，居正、夏勤在大陆银行会议室接受各报记者的采访。居正简要介绍了此次北行的目的，称完全为朝阳学院复校问题而来，顺便视察华北司法行政及探访旧日好友。记者问：“目前各地司法人员均感缺乏，未悉在朝阳学院以外，如何增加司法人才？”居正答：“目前各大学均设有法律系，将来司法人才不致缺乏。”问：“中华民国宪法颁布，居正院长以为如何？”答：“很好，我甚为满意。”问：“我国可否亦实行选举法官制度？”答：“法官选举一事，目前只有美苏两国实行，因我国人民文化程度尚嫌不够，尚需稍候时日。”当记者问及审理烟犯和汉奸之事时，夏勤答：“关于烟毒案件，因为司法独立，自然应归法院审理，由军法审理是不对的。目前仅京、沪、江苏三地，声请最高法院复判的汉奸案即有500余件，若以全国计当有5000余件，最高法院计设10所，推检人员有50名，分别赶办，约于今年年底即可办理完毕。”采访结束后，宾主双方步入宴会厅。
Before joining, Ju Zheng and Xia Qin were interviewed by reporters from various newspapers in the conference room of the Mainland Bank.Ju Zheng briefly introduced the purpose of this trip to the north, which was entirely for the reinstatement of Chaoyang College.By the way, he inspected the judicial administration of North China and visited the old friendship.The reporter asked, “Currently, there is a lack of judicial personnel in various places.I have not known how to increase judicial personnel outside of Chaoyang College?” Ju Zheng replied, “At present,every university has a law department, and there will be no shortage of judicialpersonnel in the future.” Asked, “The Republic of China What does President Ju Zheng think about the promulgation of the constitution?” Replied, “Very good, I am very satisfied.” Asked, “Can China also implement a system of electing judges?” Replied,“The election of judges is currently only implemented in the United States and the Soviet Union.Because the education level of our people is not enough, we still have to wait a while.” When the reporter asked about the trial of tobacco criminals and traitors, Xia Qin replied, “With regard to tobacco and drug cases, because of the independence of the judiciary, it should naturally be heard by the court.It is wrong to be tried by military law.At present, there are more than 500 cases of traitorous traitors in Beijing, Shanghai, and Jiangsu.If there are more than 5,000 cases in the country, the Supreme Court will set up 10 and recommend There are 50 inspectors, who will be rushed to handle them separately, and the procedures will be completed around the end of this year.” After the interview, both the host and the guest entered the banquet hall.
居正在宴会前致辞
Ju Zheng delivered a speech before the feast
下午4时，居正、夏勤由邓哲熙陪同，到南马路河北高等法院第一分院和天津地方法院视察。两位院长、首席检察官、书记官率领“两院”全体职员，在法院前大院内列队迎接。全体合影后，众人来到第一法庭，居正、夏勤讲话40分钟。地方法院院长贾艮致答谢词后，居正一行又分别视察了“两院”的各个办公室，并不时向职员们询问工作、生活上的一些具体问题。5时许，居正一行视察完毕。
At 4 in the afternoon, Ju Zheng and Xia Qin, accompanied by Deng Zhexi, went to the First Branch of the South Road the First Branch of Hebei High Court and the Tianjin District Court for inspection.The two presidents, the chief prosecutor,and the clerk led all the staff of the “two organizations” to greet them in a line in the former compound of the court.After taking a group photo, everyone came to the First Court and Ju Zheng and Xia Qin spoke for 40 minutes.After Jia Gen, the president of the district court, gave a speech of thanks, Ju Zheng and his entourage inspected the offices of the “two organizations” and asked the staff about specific work and life issues from time to time.At about 5 o'clock, the inspection by Ju Zheng and his party was completed.
二、20世纪40年代末的天津律师
2.Tianjin Lawyers in the Late 1940s
（一）执业人数逐步增加
(a) The Number of Practitioners is Gradually Increasing
按照《律师法》及《律师法实施细则》的规定，天津律师公会要定期编写会员录并呈报给天津市社会局和地方法院备查，从而也为后人留下了一笔宝贵的资料。根据1946年4月天津市社会局的记载，在天津执业的律师共有19人。当年11月编印的《天津律师公会会员录》记载在天津地方法院管辖内的执业律师共有270人。1947年9月为304人，1948年10月为339人。由此可见，抗战胜利后在天津地区执业的律师人数在稳步回升，律师业得到了迅速恢复。
1948 年《天津律师公会会员录》
1948 Panel of Tianjin Bar Association
1947 年北安利新记给章律师出具的发票
In 1947， the new invoice issued by Beianli Xinji to lawyer Zhang
In accordance with the Lawyers Law and the Implementation Rules of the Lawyer Law, the Tianjin Bar Association must regularly compile a membership record and submit it to the Tianjin Municipal Social Bureau and the district court for inspection, thus leaving a precious piece of information for future generations.According to the records of Tianjin Municipal Social Bureau in April 1946, there were 19 lawyers practicing in Tianjin.The Membership Record of the Tianjin Bar Association compiled and printed in November of that year recorded a total of 270 practicing lawyers within the jurisdiction of the Tianjin District Court.The Tianjin Bar Association's membership record compiled in September 1947 recorded a total of 304 practicing lawyers within the jurisdiction of the Tianjin District Court.The Tianjin Bar Association's membership records compiled in October 1948 recorded a total of 339 practicing lawyers within the jurisdiction of the Tianjin District Court.This shows that after the victory of Anti-Japanese War, the number of lawyers practicing in Tianjin has steadily picked up, and the legal profession has recovered rapidly.
（二）科班出身较多，水平参差不齐
(b) There are many Academic Backgrounds, and the Level is Uneven
大多数律师都是法律专业科班出身，只有少部分律师是非法律专业毕业，如政治、经济类专业。其中有一部分毕业于当时的名校，如朝阳大学、东吴大学、北京大学、北洋大学，绝大多数毕业于地方院校或是学堂，水平参差不齐。
Almost all lawyers have graduated from law majors, but there are also a small number of lawyers who graduated from non-law majors, such as politics and economics.Some of them graduated from prestigious universities at the time, such as Chaoyang University, Soochow University, Peking University, Beiyang University, etc.Most of them were graduated from local colleges or schools, and the level was uneven.
毕业于北京大学法科的胡宝麟律师
Lawyer Hu Baolin graduated from Peking University Law Department
除了获得本科学历之外，还有一些律师获得了硕士、博士，甚至还有一部分具有国外留学的背景。其中绝大多数是留学日本，如张汝嘉毕业于日本法政大学，张宗芙毕业于日本明治大学法科，李震彝毕业于日本早稻田大学政治经济科，阮性言毕业于日本东京大学法政速成科，何维湘毕业于日本东京大学政治科，周衡毕业于日本明治大学法科，付同德为明治大学法学士，李宜琛为日本早稻田大学大学院民法研究四年，蔡枢衡为日本东京中央大学法学部本科毕业，法学部大学院（研究院）研究二年。此外，还有少量律师在其他国家留学，如王书纶，英国伦敦大学法硕士肄业，英国牛津大学农业经济研究院毕业；黄宗法，美国密西根大学法学士、哥伦比亚大学法学硕士、纽约大学法理学博士；阮笃成，法国都鲁斯大学法学硕士；郑怀德，法国巴黎大学法学硕士；丁作韶，法国巴黎大学法学博士；袭钺，法国巴黎大学法科毕业，哥伦奥布大学法学博士等。
In addition to obtaining a bachelor's degree, some lawyers have obtained master's and doctoral degrees, and some even have a background of studying abroad.Most of them are studying in Japan.For example, Zhang Rujia graduated from Hosei University, Zhang Zongfu graduated from Meiji University, Japan, Li Zhenyi graduated from Waseda University, Japan, graduated from the political and economics department, Ruan Xingyan graduated from the University of Tokyo, Japan law and politics fast-track course, He Weixiang graduated from Japan Department of Political Science, University of Tokyo, Zhou Heng graduated from Meiji University Law Department, Fu Tongde holds a Bachelor of Laws from Meiji University, Li Yichen graduated from Waseda University Graduate School of Civil Law for four years, CaiShuheng graduated from Tokyo Chuo University, Japan Faculty of Law, Graduate School of Law (Graduate School) Study for two years.In addition, there are a small number of lawyers studying in other countries, such as Wang Shulun, a master's degree in law from the University of London, and a graduate of the Agricultural Economics Institute of Oxford University in the United Kingdom; Huang Zongfa, a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Michigan, a Master of Laws from Columbia University,and a Doctor of Jurisprudence from New York University Ruan Ducheng, Master of Laws from the University of Durres, France; Zheng Huaide, Master of Laws from the University of Paris, France; Ding Zuoshao, Doctor of Laws from the University of Paris, France; Xiyue, Law graduate of the University of Paris, France, Doctor of Laws from the University of Columbus, etc.
1946 年4 月天津律师公会会长李洪岳呈请天津市市长转呈中央为受敌侵害情形追偿损失事
In April 1946， Li Hongyue， chairman of the Tianjin Bar Association， petitioned the mayor of Tianjin to submit to the central government to recover losses for the victim's infringement during Anti-Japanese War
（三）经历丰富，职业流动性明显
(c) Rich Experience and Obvious Career Mobility
从律师公会会员录的履历来看，很少有律师仅从事律师一项职业，大部分还从事其他职业，如各个地方法院、检察院的推事、检察官，军法处的军法官，还有一些是大学教员。此外还有许多人担任过地方政府官员，甚至高级政府官员，如参议会议员、国会议员等。
It can be seen from the member lists of the bar associations that very few lawyers are engaged in only one profession as lawyers, and most of them have engaged in other professions.The common are judges and prosecutors of various district courts and procuratorates, Military judges of the Military Law Division, and some are university faculty members.In addition, there are many people who have served as local government officials, including many senior government officials such as members of the Senate and Congress.
（四）收入水平相对较高
(d) Relatively High Income
20世纪40年代末，国民政府经济政策混乱，滥发纸币，物价飞涨，律师费用也随之水涨船高。天津律师无论是分收酬金还是总收酬金相比于其他律师公会都比较高。相较于公务员，律师的收入也十分丰厚，无疑是一个高收入行业。
Due to the chaotic economic and fiscal policies of the National Government in the late 1940s and excessive currency issuance, prices directly led to soaring prices.Therefore, lawyers' fees have also risen.Tianjin lawyers both charge higher fees than other bar associations in terms of split remuneration and total remuneration.Compared with civil servants, the income of lawyers is also very generous, and it is undoubtedly a high-income industry.
1947 年8 月天津地方法院民事判决书
Judgment of Tianjin District Court in August 1947
三、20世纪40年代末的天津律师公会
3.Tianjin Bar Association in the Late 1940s
（一）天津律师公会的重建
(a) Reconstruction of Tianjin Bar Association
日本投降以后，天津律师公会在迪化道（今鞍山道）71号重新设立会址。1946年3月27日，重建后的天津律师公会第一届会员大会在私立河东中学礼堂召开，会议通过了《天津律师公会章程》。根据1945年1月12日国民政府修订的《律师公会章程订立办法》第七章对酬金的新规定，《天津律师公会章程》第七章第二十九条规定：“会员受当事人之委托，办理诉讼事件，其收受酬金办法分左列两种，由当事人自择，以契约定之。”其中有讨论案情不得逾国币1200元/小时，民事出庭费不得逾国币12800元/次，刑事出庭费不得逾国币8000元/次的内容。
After Japan surrendered, the Tianjin Bar Association re-established a new venue at No.71, Dihua Road (now Anshan Road).On March 27, 1946, the rebuilt Tianjin Bar Association's first Member's General Assembly was held in the private Hedong Middle School Auditorium.The meeting passed The Constitution of Tianjin Bar Association.Pursuant to the new regulations on remuneration in Chapter 7 of the Measures for Formulation of the Constitution of the Bar Association amended by the National Government on January 12, 1945, Article 29 of Chapter 7 of The Constitution of Tianjin Bar Association stipulates that “Members are entrusted by the parties to handle litigation events.There are two methods for receiving remuneration, which can be chosen by the parties and determined by contract.” Among them, the case for discussion shall not exceed 1200 yuan per hour, and the civil court fee shall not exceed the national currency.12,800 yuan/time, the criminal court fee shall not exceed the national currency 8,000 yuan/time.(https://www.daowen.com)
1948 年天津律师公会组织律师公会全国联合会事
In 1948， Tianjin Bar Association organized the National Federation of Bar Associations
全国律师联合会第一届代表大会在北平召开
The First Congress of the National Lawyers Association was held in Beiping
1946年7月23日，国民政府司法行政部为《公布出庭伪法院律师停止职务年限》发出公告，公告规定：“查在抗战期间出庭伪组织法院执行职务之律师……兹定自1945年9月3日战事结束之日起，停止执行职务一年，期限届满，准予复业。”8月13日，国民政府公布了《处理伪组织所发律师证书办法》，其中规定：“一、伪组织所发律师证书，一律无效；二、战前已领证书之律师，曾换领伪证书者，如未依照《惩治汉奸条例》判罪，得自1946年9月3日起，缴销伪证书，并检齐下列证件，呈由所在地法院查明，呈转司法行政部，请补领新证书：（一）战前取得律师资格之证明文件；（二）现任荐任官两人之证明书，证明并无《律师法》第二条第一款情事（背叛中华民国证据确实者）。……请补领新证书期间，至1946年12月31日截止。”上述法律、公告和办法，天津律师公会及会员律师都照例执行。
1946 年8 月《天津律师公会章程》修正条文
Amendments to The Constitution of Tianjin Bar Association in August 1946
On July 23, 1946，the Ministry of Justice and Administration of the National Government issued an announcement for the Announcement of the Length of Time for Lawyers Appearing in Puppet Courts to Cessate their Duties.The announcement stipulated, “Check for lawyers who appeared in puppet court during Anti-Japanese War and organized the puppet courts to perform their duties… It is hereby determined from September 3, 1945, the day of the end of the Japanese war, the performance of duties will be suspended for one year, and the period will expire.”On August 13, the National Government announced the Measures for Handling Lawyer Certificates Issued by Puppet Organizations, which stipulated, “1.Lawyers issued by puppet organizations Certificates are all invalid; 2.Lawyers who have received certificates before the war and who have renewed fake certificates who have not been convicted in accordance with the Punishment for Traitors Act may hand in the fake certificates and check the following certificates from September 3, 1946.The submission shall be verified by the district court and forwarded to the Ministry of Justice and Administration, and a new certificate shall be obtained: (1) Certificate of qualification as a lawyer before the war; (2) Certificates of the two currently recommended officers, certifying that there is no article in the Lawyers Law Article 2 Paragraph 1 (Those who betrayed the authenticity of the evidence from the Republic of China)… Please apply for a new certificate until December 31, 1946.”The above-mentioned laws, announcements and methods are implemented by the Tianjin Bar Association and its member lawyers as usual.
（二）律师公会的任务
(b) Tasks of the Bar Association
《天津律师公会章程》第四条规定了律师公会的任务：关于平民法律扶助之实施事项；关于法令修改或司法事务之建议事项；关于法律教育之提倡事项；关于法学研究及刊物出版事项；关于会员品德与风纪之整饬事项；关于会员共同利益之维护增进事项；关于行政及司法机关委托或咨询事项；关于《律师法》暨本《章程》所规定之其他事项。
Article 4 of The Constitution of Tianjin Bar Association stipulates the tasks of the Bar Association: Matters concerning the implementation of legal assistance for civilians; Matters concerning the revision of laws or recommendations on judicial matters; Matters concerning the promotion of legal education; Matters concerning legal research and publications; Matters concerning the rectification of members’morality and discipline; Matters concerning the maintenance and promotion of the common interests of members; Matters concerning entrustment or consultation by administrative and judicial agencies; Matters concerning other matters stipulated in the Lawyers Law and this Constitution.
（三）律师公会的职员及选举
(c) Staff and Election of the Bar Association
按照《天津律师公会章程》第十五至二十条的规定，公会设置职员：理事二十一人，执行公会一切会务，并互选常务理事五人，轮流处理日常事务，对外代表公会；候补理事七人，于理事缺额时依次递补；监事七人，监察公会一切事务，并互选常务监事三人，处理日常监察事务；候补监事三人，于监事缺额时依次递补；理、监事及候补理、监事均任期两年，连选得连任一次。公会设书记长一人，事务员无定额，视事务之繁简而定，由理事会雇用，受理事指挥，监督办理文书、记录、会计、庶务及其他事务，前项人员于办理监事会事务时应受监事的指挥、监督。
1946 年天津律师公会三十五年度第一次临时会员大会纪录
Records of the year 35 first temporary Member’s General Assembly of the Tianjin Bar Association in 1946
In accordance with Articles 15-20 of The Constitution of Tianjin Bar Association, the association has staff members, twenty-one directors perform all the affairs of the association, and the executive directors are selected from each other, and five people take turns to handle daily affairs and represent the association externally; alternate seven members of council will be replenished in turn when the director is vacant; seven supervisors will supervise all the affairs of the committee and elect three standing supervisors from each other to handle daily supervision affairs; three alternate supervisors will be filled in order when supervisors are vacant; The term of office of directors, supervisors and alternates is two years, and they may be re-elected once.The committee has a secretary-general and no fixed number of clerks.Depending on the complexity of the affairs, they are hired by the board of directors to accept and direct the affairs, supervise the handling of documents, records, accounting, general affairs and other affairs.The personnel mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall handle the affairs of the board of supervisors.Under the command and supervision of supervisors.
1946年9月22日，天津律师公会第一届第二次临时会员大会在大沽路天津市立第二中学礼堂召开。两次会议选举产生了天津律师公会第一届职员，分别是常务理事刘蓬瀛、于万瑞、李宜琛、朱德武、李洪岳、张绍曾、张士骏七人，理事王书伦、左起秀、宁岛涛、罗士儒、黄宗法、张汝嘉、孙鹤鸣、老遇春、张务滋、白鋆、胡学骞、耿运枢、崔鸿文、高善谦十四人，候补理事李丹若、吴燮昌、刘镇宇、陈士阜、李伯熏、胡延年、夏延邦七人，常务监事金葆瑞、张德良、穆祥震三人，理事张德清、尹福保、王庭兰、杜鸿翰四人，候补监事田淇清、王天伟、王大琨三人。
On September 22, 1946, the Second Temporary Member's General Assembly of the First Tianjin Bar Association was held in the auditorium of Tianjin Second Middle School on Dagu Road.The two meetings elected the first staff of the Tianjin Bar Association, including executive directors Liu Pengying, Yu Wanrui, Li Yichen,Zhu Dewu, Li Hongyue, Zhang Shaozeng, Zhang Shijun, and directors Wang Shulun, Zuo Qixiu, Ning Daotao, Luo Shiru, Huang Zongfa, Zhang Rujia, Sun Heming, Lao Yuchun,Zhang Wuzi, Bai Yun, Hu Xueqian, Geng Yunshu, Cui Hongwen, Gao Shanqian 14 people,alternate director Li Danruo, Wu Xiechang, Liu Zhenyu, Chen Shifu, Li Boxun, Hu Yannian, Xia Yanbang 7 people, executive supervisor Jin Baorui, Zhang Deliang and Mu Xiangzhen, 4 directors Zhang Deqing, Yin Fubao, Wang Tinglan and Du Honghan, and 3 alternate supervisors Tian Qiqing, Wang Tianwei and Wang Dakun.
1946 年10 月6 日天津律师公会第一次常务理监事会会议纪录
Minutes of the first meeting of the Tianjin Bar Association’s Executive Board of Supervisors on October 6， 1946
（四）律师公会会议
(d) Bar Association Meeting
根据《天津律师公会章程》第二十一至二十七条的规定，公会会议分为四种：
According to Articles 21-27 of The Constitution of Tianjin Bar Association, the Association's meetings are divided into four types:
1.会员大会，每年春季举行一次，由理事会确定日期召开，在开会两个星期前登报通告并专函各会员。如理监事联席会认为必要，或经会员十分之二以上书面请求并记明提议事项及理由者，应召开临时会员大会，并在开会一星期前登报通知且专函各会员。
1946 年9 月天津律师公会第二次会员临时大会会议纪录
Minutes of the Second Temporary Member’s General Assembly of Tianjin Bar Association in September 1946
1.The Member's General Assembly is held once a year in the spring and is held on a date set by the board of directors.Two weeks before the meeting, a notice and a special letter will be issued to all members.If the Board of Directors and Supervisors deems it necessary or the member has requested a written request of twotenths or more of the members and stated the proposed items and reasons, a temporary Member's General Assembly shall be convened, a notice and a special letter to each member shall be posted one week before the meeting.
2.理事会，每月举行一次，由常务理事召开，并通知监事列席。如经理事三分之一提议，则应召开临时会。
2.The board of directors is held once a month and is convened by the standing directors, and the supervisors are notified to attend as non-voting delegates.If one-third of the manager proposes, an ad hoc meeting should be held.
3.监事会，每月举行一次，由常务监事召开。如经监事三分之一以上提议，则应召开临时会。
3.The board of supervisors is held once a month and is convened by the standing supervisors.If proposed by more than one-third of the supervisors, a temporary meeting shall be convened.
4.理监事联席会，常务理监事认为必要时会同召开。会员大会有三分之一以上会员出席方得开会，如出席会员不足法定人数再行召集时，其缺席者应于会员总数内扣除计算。理事会、监事会及理监事联席会有二分之一以上理监事出席方得开会，候补理事、监事均得列席。遇有理事、监事缺席时，得分别临时补充议决，但不得超过缺席人数的二分之一。会员大会主席由出席会员互推，理事会主席由常务理事互推，监事会主席由常务监事互推，理监事联席会主席由常务理监事互推。会议事项与理事、监事或会员有关系者应停止其表决权，但得陈述事实或意见。公会各种会议均在会期一星期前呈报天津市社会局及天津地方法院首席检察官。
4.A joint meeting of directors and supervisors shall be convened when the executive directors and supervisors deem necessary.At the Member's General Assembly,more than one-third of the members can attend the meeting.If there is less than a quorum, the absentee shall be deducted from the total number of members.The board of directors, the board of supervisors and the joint board of directors and supervisors shall have more than one-half of the directors and supervisors attending the meeting,and alternate directors and supervisors shall be present as nonvoting delegates.When directors and supervisors are absent, they may make supplementary decisions separately,but they shall not exceed one-half of the number of absentees.The chairman of the Member's General Assembly is recommended by the members present, the chairman of the board of directors is recommended by the standing directors, the chairman of the board of supervisors is recommended by the standing supervisors, and the chairman of the joint board of directors and supervisors is recommended by the standing directors and supervisors.Meeting matters related to directors, supervisors or members shall stop their voting rights, but may state facts or opinions.All meetings of the Association are reported to the Municipal Social Bureau and the Chief Prosecutor of Tianjin District Court one week before the meeting.
（五）公会会员
(e) Members of the Bar Association
1.会员的入会与退会
1.Members' Enrollment and Withdrawal
根据《天津律师公会章程》第五至九条的规定，凡律师呈准天津地方法院登录者，得入会为公会会员；会员入会履行以下手续：填具入会申请书，并附二寸半身相片两张，交验律师证书及呈准天津地方法院登录证件，缴纳入会费国币五万元；会员入会后，由公会发给入会证书并登记于会员名簿；会员如经法院注销登录者，应令其退会；会员送请惩戒，其情节重大者，得经会员大会或理监事联席会议之决议令其暂时退会，但应经天津地方法院首席检察官之核准并呈报天津市社会局备案。
1946 年10 月27 日天津律师公会第四次常务理事会会议纪录
Minutes of the Fourth Executive Council Meeting of Tianjin Bar Association on October 27， 1946
According to Articles 5-9 of The Constitution of Tianjin Bar Association,all lawyers who are approved to register in Tianjin District Court are allowed to join the association; members shall complete the following procedures: Fill in an application for membership and attach two two-inch half-length photos, submit the lawyer certificate and submit the registration certificate to Tianjin District Court, and pay the membership fee of 50,000 yuan; After the member joins the association, the association will issue the membership certificate and register it in the member directory; If the member is cancelled by the court, it shall be ordered to withdraw from the association; If the members request disciplinary action, if the circumstances are serious, they may be temporarily withdrawn by the resolution of the Member's General Assembly or the joint meeting of directors and supervisors, but they shall be approved by the chief prosecutor of Tianjin District Court and reported to the Tianjin Municipal Social Bureau for record.
2.会员的权利与义务
2.The Rights and Obligations of Members
根据《天津律师公会章程》第十至十四条的规定，会员有发言权、表决权、选举权及被选举权。会员应按月缴纳经常费国币一万元。会员欠缴经常费逾三个月经催告不理者，由会员大会或理监事联席会议之决议令其退会，但应经天津地方法院首席检察官之核准并呈报天津市社会局备案。会员应轮流办理平民法律扶助事宜，会员事务所迁移应立即报告公会。
According to Articles 10-14 of The Constitution of Tianjin Bar Association,members have the right to speak, vote, vote and be elected.Members should pay 10,000 yuan for regular monthly fees.If a member owes regular fees for more than three months and is urged for disregard, the Member's General Assembly or the joint meeting of directors and supervisors shall order him to withdraw from the meeting,but it shall be approved by the chief prosecutor of Tianjin District Court and reported to the Tianjin Municipal Social Bureau for record.Members shall take turns to handle matters concerning legal assistance to civilians.The relocation of the member firm shall be reported to the association immediately.
（六）公会会员的酬金
(f) Members' Remuneration
根据《天津律师公会章程》第二十八条的规定，会员受当事人之委托，办理诉讼案件，其收受酬金办法分下列两种，由当事人自择，以契约定之。
According to Article 28 of The Constitution of Tianjin Bar Association, members are entrusted by the parties to handle litigation cases.There are two methods for receiving remuneration, which are chosen by the parties and determined by contract.
1.分收酬金
1.Remuneration
一、讨论案情，每小时不得逾国币一万两千元。二、到法院抄阅文件或接见监禁人或羁押人，每次不得逾国币两万元。三、节录文稿或造具清册，每百字不得逾国币一千元。四、撰拟函件，每件不得逾国币四万元。五、出具专供委托人参考之意见书及其他文件，每件不得逾国币八万元。六、民事出庭费，每次不得逾国币十二万元。七、刑事出庭费，每次不得逾国币八万元。八、撰拟民事第一审书状，每件不得逾国币十万元，但申请书仅得收五分之一。九、撰拟刑事第一审书状，每件不得逾国币六万元，但申请书仅得收五分之一。十、撰拟民事第二审书状，每件不得逾国币十万元，但申请书仅得收五分之一。十一、撰拟刑事第二审书状，每件不得逾国币八万元，但申请书仅得收五分之一。十二、撰拟民事第三审书状，每件不得逾国币十万元，但申请书仅得收五分之一。十三、撰拟刑事第三审书状，每件不得逾国币十二万元，但申请书仅得收五分之一。十四、处理和息事件，每案不得逾国币五十万元。十五、处理民事执行案件，每案不得逾国币五十万元。
1.Discussing the case shall not exceed 12,000 yuan per hour.2.Going to the court to read and copy documents or interview with prisoners or detainees shall not exceed 20,000 yuan each time.3.The list of excerpted manuscripts or creations shall not exceed 1,000 yuan per hundred characters.4.Each piece of the proposed letter shall not exceed 40,000 yuan.5.Issue opinions and other documents exclusively for the client's reference, each of which shall not exceed 80,000 yuan.6.The fee of representation in civil case in the court shall not exceed 120,000 yuan each time.7.The fee of representation in criminal case in the court shall not exceed 80,000 yuan each time.8.Each petition of the first civil trial shall not exceed 100,000 yuan, but only one-fifth of the application form will be accepted.9.Each pleading for drafting the first criminal trial shall not exceed 60,000 yuan, but only one-fifth of the application is accepted.10.Each pleading of the second civil trial shall not exceed 100,000 yuan, but only one-fifth of the application form is accepted.11.Each pleading written for the second criminal trial shall not exceed 80,000 yuan, but only onefifth of the application will be accepted.12.Each of the draft civil third-instance pleadings shall not exceed 100,000 yuan, but only one-fifth of the application form will be accepted.13.Each petition for drafting the third criminal trial shall not exceed 120,000 yuan, but only one-fifth of the application form will be accepted.14.When handling peace and interest incidents, each case shall not exceed 500,000 yuan.15.In handling civil enforcement cases, each case shall not exceed 500,000 yuan.
2.总收酬金
2.Total Remuneration
办理民事案件，第一二两审收受酬金总额，每审不得逾国币一百五十万元，第三审收受酬金总额不得逾国币八十万元。如诉讼标的金额或价额在五千万元以上者，其酬金得增加之。第一二两审，每审不得逾诉讼标的金额百分之二，第三审不得逾百分之一。办理刑事案件，第一二两审收受酬金总额，每审不得逾国币一百万元，第三审收受酬金总额不得逾国币六十万元。如案情重大或因委托人有特别身份地位者，其酬金得增加之，但每审不得逾国币一百二十万元。此外，会员办理非讼案件之酬金准用办理民事案件总酬金之规定，会员办理平民法律扶助事宜及各级法院指定办理之案件，均不得收受酬金。
1947 年8 月全国各城市律师公会致天津律师公会函
Letters from the bar associations of cities across the country to the Tianjin Bar Association in August 1947
The total amount of remuneration received in the first and second trials of civil cases shall not exceed 1.5 million yuan per trial, and the total amount of remuneration received in the third trial shall not exceed 800,000.If the amount of the subject matter of the litigation is more than 50 million yuan, the lawyer's fee remuneration needs to be increased.The first and second trials shall not exceed 2%of the amount of the subject matter in the litigation, and the third trial shall not exceed 1%.The total amount of remuneration received in the first and second trials of criminal cases shall not exceed 1 million yuan per trial, and the total amount of remuneration received in the third trial shall not exceed 600,000 yuan.If the case is serious or the client has a special status, The remuneration may be increased, but it shall not exceed the national currency of 1.2 million yuan per trial.In addition, the remuneration of members for handling non-litigation cases shall be governed by the provisions of total remuneration for handling civil cases,and members shall not receive remuneration for handling civilian legal assistance matters and cases designated by courts at all levels.
（七）会员惩戒
(g) Members Punishment
根据《天津律师公会章程》第四十五条规定，会员违反本《章程》之规定，情节轻微者，得经会员大会或理监事联席会之决议命其注意，情节重大者，公会应负责检举。
According to Article 45 of The Constitution of Tianjin Bar Association, if a member violates the provisions of this Constitution, if the circumstances are minor,the Member's General Assembly or the joint board of directors and supervisors may order its attention.If the circumstances are serious, the association shall be responsible for reporting.
1947 年8 月全国各城市律师公会致天津律师公会函
Letters from the bar associations of cities across the country to the Tianjin Bar Association in August 1947