律师诉讼书状 LAWYERS' LITIGATION PLEADINGS
律师接受当事人委任，代理诉讼，会涉及一系列的诉讼书状，首当其冲的便是委任状。所谓委任状，是指民事诉讼中的当事人与受委任律师，刑事自诉案件中的自诉人与委任代理人，刑事公诉案件中的被告与委任辩护人，就诉讼代理而签署的授权书状。
When a lawyer accepts the appointment of a client to act as an agent, it will involve a series of pleadings, the first of which is the power of attorney.The socalled power of attorney refers to the power of attorney signed by the parties and appointed lawyers in civil litigation, private prosecutors and appointed agents in criminal private prosecution cases, defendants and appointed defenders in criminal public prosecution cases.
关于委任状，在民事案件中，委任人（即当事人）应将委任契约关于代理权限的委任状副本提交管辖法院，以表明身份并明确权限。在诉讼过程中，如果委任人要解除委任契约，除了必须通知受委任人（即律师）以外，还必须向管辖法院提出书面的解除委任状，并由法院通知对方当事人，否则解除行为不发生效力。如果是受委任人提出解除委任契约，那么在正式通知解除委任契约起五日内，仍应为保护作为委任人的当事人利益从事诉讼上的必要行为。在刑事诉讼中，无论是自诉案件中的诉讼代理人，还是公诉案件中的选任辩护人，都必须向管辖法院提交委任人与受委任人签署的委任状。
1934 年6 月汪绍先律师事务所收据
Receipt of Wang Shaoxian Law Firm in June 1934
1935 年8 月天津地方法院民事传票
Civil summons of Tianjin District Court in August 1935
With regard to the power of attorney, in civil cases, the appointor (i.e.the party) should submit a copy of the power of attorney in the contract of attorney to the competent court to show his identity and clarify his power.In the process of litigation, if the appointor wants to cancel the appointment contract, he must not only notify the appointee (i.e.lawyer), but also submit a written cancellation letter to the competent court, and the court will notify the other party, otherwise the cancellation will not be effective.If the appointee proposes to terminate the appointment contract, he should still take necessary actions in litigation to protect the interests of the parties who are appointees within five days from the formal notice of termination of the appointment contract.In criminal proceedings,both the agent ad litem in a private prosecution case and the elected defender in a public prosecution case must submit a letter of appointment signed by the appointor and the appointed person to the competent court.
律师在经过书面通知对方当事人，仍不能以调解方式解决时，受委任律师将具体进入诉讼程序。在诉讼活动中，律师作为当事人的受委任人，代理当事人从事一切诉讼活动。无论是在民事诉讼还是刑事诉讼中，律师关于诉讼行为的声明或陈述，除了依法以言辞方式进行外，其他一律以书状形式进行。律师也将根据诉讼活动的不同阶段或不同要求，作出各种不同的书状，主要包括以下14种：
If the lawyer fails to solve the problem through mediation after notifying the other party in writing, the appointed lawyer will enter the litigation procedure concretely.In litigation activities, lawyers, as the appointees of the parties, engage in all litigation activities on behalf of the parties.Whether in civil litigation or criminal litigation, lawyers' statements or statements about litigation behavior are all made in the form of written pleadings, except in the form of words according to law.Lawyers will also make various pleadings according to different stages or requirements of litigation activities, mainly including the following 14 kinds:
诉状，指向法院陈述事件及诉讼要求的书状。刑事告诉人应将刑事诉状提交到检察处，刑事自诉人则应将刑事诉状提交到管辖法院。刑事诉状应包括被告人的姓名、年龄、籍贯、职业、住址，若有可能，还应说明被告的体貌特征、告诉或自诉的事实和理由、案件的证人和证物等。
A petition is an instrument that points to the court to state events and claims.The criminal informant should submit the criminal complaint to the prosecution office, while the criminal private prosecutor should submit the criminal complaint to the competent court.The criminal complaint should include the defendant's name,age, native place, occupation and address.If possible, it should also explain the defendant's physical characteristics, facts and reasons for telling or private prosecution, witnesses and exhibits of the case, etc.
答辩状和辩诉状，在民事诉讼中称“答辩状”，是就对方当事人陈述及要求进行答辩的书状。答辩状应包括答辩的事实、理由以及对于原告请求的全部或部分予以承认或否认。在刑事诉讼中称“辩诉状”，是被告就刑事诉状的指控作出的答辩书状。辩诉状应包括案件事实、辩诉理由以及作为反证的证人和证物等。
安蓉臣诉离异副状
A copy complaint of An Rongchen's divorce petition
1935 年9 月河北高等法院收款证
Collection certificate of Hebei High Court in September 1935
The pleadings and counter-pleadings, called “pleadings” in civil litigation,are pleadings to answer the statements and demands of the other party.The pleadings shall include the facts and reasons of the pleadings, and admit or deny all or part of the plaintiff's request.In criminal proceedings, it is called “counter-pleadings”, which is the pleadings made by the defendants on the charges of criminal pleadings.The pleadings should include the facts of the case,the reasons for the pleadings, and the witnesses and exhibits as counter-evidence.
抗告状，指在抗告诉讼中向原审法院或抗告审法院陈述事件及要求的书状。民事抗告状应包括对原审判决不服的陈述、不服的程度、要求如何废弃或变更原审判决的声明、抗告的理由以及新事实和证据方法。刑事抗告状应包括原裁判的内容和对于原裁判不服的陈述及理由。
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刑事诉讼中的司法状纸
Judicial paper in criminal proceedings
Anti-complaint refers to the pleadings that state events and demands to the court of first instance or the court of anti-complaint.Civil complaint should include the statement of dissatisfaction with the judgment of the original trial,the degree of dissatisfaction, the statement of how to abandon or change the judgment of the original trial, the reasons for protest and the new facts and evidence methods.The criminal complaint should include the content of the original referee and the statement and reasons for dissatisfaction with the original referee.
上诉状，指对于原审裁判不服而向上一级法院提起上诉时，用以提出上诉要求的书状。民事上诉状应包括诉讼标的和原因、原审判决的内容、对于原审判决不服的程度、要求废弃或变更原判决的声明、上诉理由、关于上诉理由的证据方法。如果是因为对第一审判决不服而提起上诉，则还应记明新的事实和证据方法。刑事上诉状应记述原判决的要旨以及对原判决不服的理由。
The appeal pleadings refer to the written pleadings used to put forward appeal requirements when appealing to a higher court against the judgment of the original trial.The civil appeal should include the object and reason of the lawsuit, the content of the original judgment, the degree of dissatisfaction with the original judgment, the statement for abandoning or changing the original judgment, the reasons for appeal, and the evidential methods for the reasons for appeal.If you appeal because you are not satisfied with the judgment of the first instance, you should also remember new facts and evidence methods.The criminal appeal shall record the gist of the original judgment and the reasons for dissatisfaction with the original judgment.
声请状，指在民事诉讼中，当事人一方就实体或程序等方面有所请求时所使用的书状。在刑事诉讼中，指有所请求时向法院提交的书状。
Petition refers to the written pleadings used when one of the parties makes a request in terms of entity or procedure in civil litigation.In criminal proceedings, it refers to the written pleadings submitted to the court upon request.
交状，指在民事诉讼中，当事人一方向管辖法院提交与诉讼相关的证物、财产时使用的书状。在刑事诉讼中，指根据法院决定而将案内相关财产、物品交纳法院时使用的书状。
The submitting pleadings refer to pleadings used when one party submits evidence and property related to litigation to the competent court in civil litigation.In criminal proceedings, it refers to the pleadings used when handing over the related property and articles in the case to the court according to the court's decision.
领状，指在民事诉讼中，当事人一方自管辖法院领取与诉讼相关的证物、财产时所使用的书状。在刑事诉讼中，根据法院决定而将案内相关财产、物品领回时使用的书状。
Solicitation refers to the written pleadings used by one of the parties to obtain evidence and property related to litigation from the court of jurisdiction in civil litigation.In criminal proceedings, the pleadings used when taking back the related property and articles in the case according to the court's decision.
限状，指就期限问题向管辖法院提出的请求书状。
The written pleadings refer to the written pleadings submitted to the competent court on the time limit.
保状，指向管辖法院具保时缔结的书状。
The preserving pleadings refer to the written pleadings concluded when the competent court guarantees.
结状，指向管辖法院具结时缔结的书状。
The closing pleadings refer to the pleadings concluded when the competent court makes a statement.
撤回状，指在民事诉讼中，原告在法院作出确定判决前撤回诉讼请求时使用的书状。在刑事自诉案件中，指自诉人在第一审辩论终结前撤回诉讼时使用的书状。
The withdrawal pleadings refer to pleadings used by the plaintiff to withdraw his claim before the court makes a definite judgment in civil litigation.In criminal private prosecution cases, it refers to the pleadings used by the private prosecutor when withdrawing the lawsuit before the end of the first-instance debate.
还有两种民事诉讼中的书状，一是调解状，是指当事人一方提出的请求调解的书状。另一种是和解状，是指双方当事人达成和解时缔结的书状。
There are two kinds of pleadings in civil litigation, one is mediation pleadings, which refer to pleadings submitted by one of the parties requesting mediation.The other is reconciliation pleadings, which refer to the pleadings concluded when both parties reach a settlement.